The following opcodes can be used to design instruments that work interchangably for real-time MIDI and score events: midichannelaftertouch midichn midicontrolchange mididefault midinoteoff midinoteoncps midinoteonkey midinoteonoct midinoteonpch midipitchbend midipolyaftertouch midiprogramchange. To adapt an ordinary Csound instrument designed for score activation for score/MIDI interoperability: Change all linen, linseg, and expseg opcodes to linenr, linsegr, and expsegr, respectively, except for a de-clicking or damping envelope. This will not materially change score-driven performance. Add the following lines at the beginning of the instrument definition: ; Ensures that a MIDI-activated instrument ; will have a positive p3 field. mididefault 60, p3 ; Puts MIDI key translated to cycles per ; second into p4, and MIDI velocity into p5 midinoteoncps p4, p5 Obviously, midinoteoncps could be changed to midinoteonoct or any of the other options, and the choice of p-fields is arbitrary. New MIDI I/O flags in Csound 5.02, can replace most uses of these MIDI interop opcodes, and make usage easier.