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<refentry id="pyexec">
<indexterm id="IndexPyExec"><primary>pyexec</primary></indexterm>
<refentryinfo><title>Python Opcodes</title></refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>pyexec Opcodes</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>pyexec</refname>
<refpurpose>Execute a script from a file at k-time or i-time (i suffix).
</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis><command>pyexec</command> "filename"</synopsis>
<synopsis><command>pyexeci</command> "filename"</synopsis>
<synopsis><command>pylexec</command> "filename"</synopsis>
<synopsis><command>pylexeci</command> "filename"</synopsis>
<synopsis><command>pyexect</command> ktrigger, "filename"</synopsis>
<synopsis><command>plyexect</command> ktrigger, "filename"</synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Execute a script from a file at k-time or i-time (i
suffix).</para>
<para>This is not the same as calling the script with the <literal>system()</literal>
call, since the code is executed by the embedded interpreter.</para>
<para>The code contained in the specified file is executed in the
global environment for opcodes pyexec and pyexeci and in the private
environment for the opcodes pylexec and pylexeci.</para>
<para>These opcodes perform no message passing. However, since the
statement has access to the main namespace and the private namespace,
it can interact with objects previously created in that
environment.</para>
<para>The "local" version of the <emphasis>pyexec</emphasis> opcodes are useful when the
code ran by different instances of an instrument should not
interact.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Example of the pyexec Opcode Group</title>
<example>
<title>Orchestra (pyexec.orc)</title>
<programlisting>
sr=44100
kr=4410
ksmps=10
nchnls=1
;If you're not running CsoundAC you need the following line
;to initialize the python interpreter
;pyinit
pyruni "import random"
pyexeci "pyexec1.py"
instr 1
pyexec "pyexec2.py"
pylexeci "pyexec3.py"
pylexec "pyexec4.py"
endin
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>Score (pyexec.sco)</title>
<programlisting>
i1 0 0.01
i1 0 0.01
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>The pyexec1.py Script</title>
<programlisting>
import time, os
print
print "Welcome to Csound!"
try:
s = ', %s?' % os.getenv('USER')
except:
s = '?'
print 'What sound do you want to hear today%s' % s
answer = raw_input()
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>The pyexec2.py script</title>
<programlisting>
print 'your answer is "%s"' % answer
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>The pyexec3.py script</title>
<programlisting>
message = 'a private random number: %f' % random.random()
</programlisting>
</example>
<example>
<title>The pyexec4.py script</title>
<programlisting>
print message
</programlisting>
</example>
<para>If I run this example on my machine I get something like:</para>
<screen>
Using ../../csound.xmg
Csound Version 4.19 (Mar 23 2002)
Embedded Python interpreter version 2.2
orchname: pyexec.orc
scorename: pyexec.sco
sorting score ...
... done
orch compiler:
11 lines read
instr 1
Csound Version 4.19 (Mar 23 2002)
displays suppressed
Welcome to Csound!
What sound do you want to hear today, maurizio?
</screen>
<para>then I answer</para>
<screen>
a sound
</screen>
<para>then Csound continues with the normal performance</para>
<screen>
your answer is "a sound"
a private random number: 0.884006
new alloc for instr 1:
your answer is "a sound"
a private random number: 0.884006
your answer is "a sound"
a private random number: 0.889868
your answer is "a sound"
a private random number: 0.884006
your answer is "a sound"
a private random number: 0.889868
your answer is "a sound"
a private random number: 0.884006
your answer is "a sound"
...
</screen>
<para>In the same instrument a message is created in the private
namespace and printed, appearing different for each instance.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Credits</title>
<para>Copyright (c) 2002 by Maurizio Umberto Puxeddu. All rights
reserved. Portions copyright (c) 2004 and 2005 by Michael Gogins. This
document has been updated Sunday 25 July 2004 and 1 February 2005 by
&namemichael;.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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