#include "tool_setup.h" #ifndef HAVE_LIBZ /* * NEVER EVER edit this manually, fix the mkhelp.pl script instead! */ #ifdef USE_MANUAL #include "tool_hugehelp.h" void hugehelp(void) { fputs( " _ _ ____ _\n" " Project ___| | | | _ \\| |\n" " / __| | | | |_) | |\n" " | (__| |_| | _ <| |___\n" " \\___|\\___/|_| \\_\\_____|\n" "\n" "NAME\n" " curl - transfer a URL\n" "\n" "SYNOPSIS\n" " curl [options / URLs]\n" "\n" "DESCRIPTION\n" " curl is a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the\n" " supported protocols (DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP,\n" , stdout); fputs( " IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS,\n" " SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP). The command is designed to work without\n" " user interaction.\n" "\n" " curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authen-\n" " tication, FTP upload, HTTP post, SSL connections, cookies, file trans-\n" " fer resume, Metalink, and more. As you will see below, the number of\n" " features will make your head spin!\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See\n" " libcurl(3) for details.\n" "\n" "URL\n" " The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You'll find a detailed descrip-\n" " tion in RFC 3986.\n" "\n" " You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets\n" " within braces as in:\n" "\n" " http://site.{one,two,three}.com\n" "\n" " or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:\n" "\n" " ftp://ftp.example.com/file[1-100].txt\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " ftp://ftp.example.com/file[001-100].txt (with leading zeros)\n" "\n" " ftp://ftp.example.com/file[a-z].txt\n" "\n" " Nested sequences are not supported, but you can use several ones next\n" " to each other:\n" "\n" " http://example.com/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html\n" "\n" " You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They will be\n" " fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order. You can specify\n" , stdout); fputs( " command line options and URLs mixed and in any order on the command\n" " line.\n" "\n" " You can specify a step counter for the ranges to get every Nth number\n" " or letter:\n" "\n" " http://example.com/file[1-100:10].txt\n" "\n" " http://example.com/file[a-z:2].txt\n" "\n" " When using [] or {} sequences when invoked from a command line prompt,\n" " you probably have to put the full URL within double quotes to avoid the\n" , stdout); fputs( " shell from interfering with it. This also goes for other characters\n" " treated special, like for example '&', '?' and '*'.\n" "\n" " Provide the IPv6 zone index in the URL with an escaped percentage sign\n" " and the interface name. Like in\n" "\n" " http://[fe80::3%25eth0]/\n" "\n" " If you specify URL without protocol:// prefix, curl will attempt to\n" " guess what protocol you might want. It will then default to HTTP but\n" , stdout); fputs( " try other protocols based on often-used host name prefixes. For exam-\n" " ple, for host names starting with \"ftp.\" curl will assume you want to\n" " speak FTP.\n" "\n" " curl will do its best to use what you pass to it as a URL. It is not\n" " trying to validate it as a syntactically correct URL by any means but\n" " is instead very liberal with what it accepts.\n" "\n" " curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so\n" , stdout); fputs( " that getting many files from the same server will not do multiple con-\n" " nects / handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on\n" " files specified on a single command line and cannot be used between\n" " separate curl invokes.\n" "\n" "PROGRESS METER\n" " curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating\n" " the amount of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time\n" , stdout); fputs( " left, etc. The progress meter displays number of bytes and the speeds\n" " are in bytes per second. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based.\n" " For example 1k is 1024 bytes. 1M is 1048576 bytes.\n" "\n" " curl displays this data to the terminal by default, so if you invoke\n" " curl to do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal,\n" " it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output\n" , stdout); fputs( " mixing progress meter and response data.\n" "\n" " If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to\n" " redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>), -o,\n" " --output or similar.\n" "\n" " It is not the same case for FTP upload as that operation does not spit\n" " out any response data to the terminal.\n" "\n" " If you prefer a progress \"bar\" instead of the regular meter, -#,\n" , stdout); fputs( " --progress-bar is your friend. You can also disable the progress meter\n" " completely with the -s, --silent option.\n" "\n" "OPTIONS\n" " Options start with one or two dashes. Many of the options require an\n" " additional value next to them.\n" "\n" " The short \"single-dash\" form of the options, -d for example, may be\n" " used with or without a space between it and its value, although a space\n" " is a recommended separator. The long \"double-dash\" form, -d, --data for\n" , stdout); fputs( " example, requires a space between it and its value.\n" "\n" " Short version options that don't need any additional values can be used\n" " immediately next to each other, like for example you can specify all\n" " the options -O, -L and -v at once as -OLv.\n" "\n" " In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again\n" " disabled with --no-option. That is, you use the exact same option name\n" , stdout); fputs( " but prefix it with \"no-\". However, in this list we mostly only list and\n" " show the --option version of them. (This concept with --no options was\n" " added in 7.19.0. Previously most options were toggled on/off on re-\n" " peated use of the same command line option.)\n" "\n" " --abstract-unix-socket \n" " (HTTP) Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead\n" " of using the network. Note: netstat shows the path of an ab-\n" , stdout); fputs( " stract socket prefixed with '@', however the argument\n" " should not have this leading character.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.53.0.\n" "\n" " --alt-svc \n" " (HTTPS) WARNING: this option is experiemental. Do not use in\n" " production.\n" "\n" " This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the file name\n" " points to an existing alt-svc cache file, that will be used. Af-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ter a completed transfer, the cache will be saved to the file\n" " name again if it has been modified.\n" "\n" " Specify a \"\" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and\n" " make curl just handle the cache in memory.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, curl will load contents\n" " from all the files but the the last one will be used for saving.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.64.1.\n" "\n" " --anyauth\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself,\n" " and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support.\n" " This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-\n" " headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network round-trip.\n" " This is used instead of setting a specific authentication\n" " method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and\n" , stdout); fputs( " --negotiate.\n" "\n" " Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin,\n" " since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client\n" " must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading\n" " from stdin, the upload operation will fail.\n" "\n" " Used together with -u, --user.\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-anyauth and --basic and --digest.\n" "\n" " -a, --append\n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP SFTP) When used in an upload, this makes curl append to the\n" " target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file\n" " doesn't exist, it will be created. Note that this flag is ig-\n" " nored by some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).\n" "\n" " --basic\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication with the re-\n" " mote host. This is the default and this option is usually point-\n" , stdout); fputs( " less, unless you use it to override a previously set option that\n" " sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm, --di-\n" " gest, or --negotiate).\n" "\n" " Used together with -u, --user.\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --cacert \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify\n" " the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The\n" , stdout); fputs( " certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to\n" " use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to\n" " alter that default file.\n" "\n" " curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE'\n" " if it is set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert\n" " bundle. This option overrides that variable.\n" "\n" " The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA\n" , stdout); fputs( " certs file named 'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same direc-\n" " tory as curl.exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any\n" " folder along your PATH.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against the NSS SSL library, the NSS PEM\n" " PKCS#11 module (libnsspem.so) needs to be available for this op-\n" " tion to work properly.\n" "\n" " (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport,\n" , stdout); fputs( " then this option is supported for backward compatibility with\n" " other SSL engines, but it should not be set. If the option is\n" " not set, then curl will use the certificates in the system and\n" " user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the preferred method\n" " of verifying the peer's certificate chain.\n" "\n" " (Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7 or later with libcurl 7.60 or later. This option is supported\n" " for backward compatibility with other SSL engines; instead it is\n" " recommended to use Windows' store of root certificates (the de-\n" " fault for Schannel).\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --capath \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to\n" , stdout); fputs( " verify the peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating\n" " them with \":\" (e.g. \"path1:path2:path3\"). The certificates must\n" " be in PEM format, and if curl is built against OpenSSL, the di-\n" " rectory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility sup-\n" " plied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow OpenSSL-powered\n" " curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using\n" , stdout); fputs( " --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.\n" "\n" " If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored,\n" " and if it is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --cert-status\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to verify the status of the server certificate\n" " by using the Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS\n" " extension.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g.\n" " expired) response, if the response suggests that the server cer-\n" " tificate has been revoked, or no response at all is received,\n" " the verification fails.\n" "\n" " This is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL, GnuTLS and\n" " NSS backends.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.41.0.\n" "\n" " --cert-type \n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS) Tells curl what type the provided client certificate is\n" " using. PEM, DER, ENG and P12 are recognized types. If not spec-\n" " ified, PEM is assumed.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also -E, --cert and --key and --key-type.\n" "\n" " -E, --cert \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file\n" , stdout); fputs( " when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based proto-\n" " col. The certificate must be in PKCS#12 format if using Secure\n" " Transport, or PEM format if using any other engine. If the op-\n" " tional password isn't specified, it will be queried for on the\n" " terminal. Note that this option assumes a \"certificate\" file\n" " that is the private key and the client certificate concatenated!\n" , stdout); fputs( " See -E, --cert and --key to specify them independently.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option\n" " can tell curl the nickname of the certificate to use within the\n" " NSS database defined by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by\n" " default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (lib-\n" " nsspem.so) is available then PEM files may be loaded. If you\n" , stdout); fputs( " want to use a file from the current directory, please precede it\n" " with \"./\" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.\n" " If the nickname contains \":\", it needs to be preceded by \"\\\" so\n" " that it is not recognized as password delimiter. If the nick-\n" " name contains \"\\\", it needs to be escaped as \"\\\\\" so that it is\n" " not recognized as an escape character.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11\n" " is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to spec-\n" " ify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string begin-\n" " ning with \"pkcs11:\" will be interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a\n" " PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set as\n" " \"pkcs11\" if none was provided and the --cert-type option will be\n" , stdout); fputs( " set as \"ENG\" if none was provided.\n" "\n" " (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport,\n" " then the certificate string can either be the name of a certifi-\n" " cate/private key in the system or user keychain, or the path to\n" " a PKCS#12-encoded certificate and private key. If you want to\n" " use a file from the current directory, please precede it with\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"./\" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.\n" "\n" " (Schannel only) Client certificates must be specified by a path\n" " expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not sup-\n" " ported; you can import it to a store first). You can use \"\\\\\" to refer to a certificate\n" " in the system certificates store, for example, \"Curren-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tUser\\MY\\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a\". Thumbprint\n" " is usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate\n" " details. Following store locations are supported: CurrentUser,\n" " LocalMachine, CurrentService, Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy,\n" " LocalMachineGroupPolicy, LocalMachineEnterprise.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --cert-type and --key and --key-type.\n" "\n" " --ciphers \n" " (TLS) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list\n" " of ciphers must specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher\n" " list details on this URL:\n" "\n" " https://curl.haxx.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --compressed-ssh\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SCP SFTP) Enables built-in SSH compression. This is a request,\n" " not an order; the server may or may not do it.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.56.0.\n" "\n" " --compressed\n" " (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms\n" " curl supports, and save the uncompressed document. If this op-\n" " tion is used and the server sends an unsupported encoding, curl\n" " will report an error.\n" "\n" " -K, --config \n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command\n" " line arguments found in the text file will be used as if they\n" " were provided on the command line.\n" "\n" " Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line\n" " in the file, separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign.\n" " Long option names can optionally be given in the config file\n" , stdout); fputs( " without the initial double dashes and if so, the colon or equals\n" " characters can be used as separators. If the option is specified\n" " with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals charac-\n" " ter between the option and its parameter.\n" "\n" " If the parameter contains whitespace (or starts with : or =),\n" " the parameter must be enclosed within quotes. Within double\n" , stdout); fputs( " quotes, the following escape sequences are available: \\\\, \\\",\n" " \\t, \\n, \\r and \\v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ig-\n" " nored. If the first column of a config line is a '#' character,\n" " the rest of the line will be treated as a comment. Only write\n" " one option per physical line in the config file.\n" "\n" " Specify the filename to -K, --config as '-' to make curl read\n" " the file from stdin.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you\n" " need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply\n" " writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to\n" " this:\n" "\n" " url = \"https://curl.haxx.se/docs/\"\n" "\n" " When curl is invoked, it (unless -q, --disable is used) checks\n" " for a default config file and uses it if found. The default con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fig file is checked for in the following places in this order:\n" "\n" " 1) curl tries to find the \"home dir\": It first checks for the\n" " CURL_HOME and then the HOME environment variables. Failing that,\n" " it uses getpwuid() on Unix-like systems (which returns the home\n" " dir given the current user in your system). On Windows, it then\n" " checks for the APPDATA variable, or as a last resort the '%USER-\n" , stdout); fputs( " PROFILE%\\Application Data'.\n" "\n" " 2) On windows, if there is no .curlrc file in the home dir, it\n" " checks for one in the same dir the curl executable is placed. On\n" " Unix-like systems, it will simply try to load .curlrc from the\n" " determined home dir.\n" "\n" " # --- Example file ---\n" " # this is a comment\n" " url = \"example.com\"\n" " output = \"curlhere.html\"\n" , stdout); fputs( " user-agent = \"superagent/1.0\"\n" "\n" " # and fetch another URL too\n" " url = \"example.com/docs/manpage.html\"\n" " -O\n" " referer = \"http://nowhereatall.example.com/\"\n" " # --- End of example file ---\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config\n" " files.\n" "\n" " --connect-timeout \n" " Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to\n" , stdout); fputs( " take. This only limits the connection phase, so if curl con-\n" " nects within the given period it will continue - if not it will\n" " exit. Since version 7.32.0, this option accepts decimal values.\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " --connect-to \n" "\n" " For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to\n" , stdout); fputs( " HOST2:PORT2 instead. This option is suitable to direct requests\n" " at a specific server, e.g. at a specific cluster node in a clus-\n" " ter of servers. This option is only used to establish the net-\n" " work connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port that is\n" " used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the\n" " application protocols. \"HOST1\" and \"PORT1\" may be the empty\n" , stdout); fputs( " string, meaning \"any host/port\". \"HOST2\" and \"PORT2\" may also be\n" " the empty string, meaning \"use the request's original\n" " host/port\".\n" "\n" " A \"host\" specified to this option is compared as a string, so it\n" " needs to match the name used in request URL. It can be either\n" " numerical such as \"127.0.0.1\" or the full host name such as \"ex-\n" " ample.org\".\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option can be used many times to add many connect rules.\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and -H, --header. Added in 7.49.0.\n" "\n" " -C, --continue-at \n" " Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset.\n" " The given offset is the exact number of bytes that will be\n" " skipped, counting from the beginning of the source file before\n" " it is transferred to the destination. If used with uploads, the\n" , stdout); fputs( " FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.\n" "\n" " Use \"-C -\" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to\n" " resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files\n" " to figure that out.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also -r, --range.\n" "\n" " -c, --cookie-jar \n" " (HTTP) Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies\n" , stdout); fputs( " after a completed operation. Curl writes all cookies from its\n" " in-memory cookie storage to the given file at the end of opera-\n" " tions. If no cookies are known, no data will be written. The\n" " file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If\n" " you set the file name to a single dash, \"-\", the cookies will be\n" " written to stdout.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This command line option will activate the cookie engine that\n" " makes curl record and use cookies. Another way to activate it is\n" " to use the -b, --cookie option.\n" "\n" " If the cookie jar can't be created or written to, the whole curl\n" " operation won't fail or even report an error clearly. Using -v,\n" " --verbose will get a warning displayed, but that is the only\n" , stdout); fputs( " visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situation.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last specified file\n" " name will be used.\n" "\n" " -b, --cookie \n" " (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It\n" " is supposedly the data previously received from the server in a\n" " \"Set-Cookie:\" line. The data should be in the format\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2\".\n" "\n" " If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated\n" " as a filename to read previously stored cookie from. This option\n" " also activates the cookie engine which will make curl record in-\n" " coming cookies, which may be handy if you're using this in com-\n" " bination with the -L, --location option or do multiple URL\n" , stdout); fputs( " transfers on the same invoke. If the file name is exactly a mi-\n" " nus (\"-\"), curl will instead the contents from stdin.\n" "\n" " The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain\n" " HTTP headers (Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie\n" " file format.\n" "\n" " The file specified with -b, --cookie is only used as input. No\n" " cookies will be written to the file. To store cookies, use the\n" , stdout); fputs( " -c, --cookie-jar option.\n" "\n" " Exercise caution if you are using this option and multiple\n" " transfers may occur. If you use the NAME1=VALUE1; format, or in\n" " a file use the Set-Cookie format and don't specify a domain,\n" " then the cookie is sent for any domain (even after redirects are\n" " followed) and cannot be modified by a server-set cookie. If the\n" , stdout); fputs( " cookie engine is enabled and a server sets a cookie of the same\n" " name then both will be sent on a future transfer to that server,\n" " likely not what you intended. To address these issues set a do-\n" " main in Set-Cookie (doing that will include sub domains) or use\n" " the Netscape format.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Users very often want to both read cookies from a file and write\n" " updated cookies back to a file, so using both -b, --cookie and\n" " -c, --cookie-jar in the same command line is common.\n" "\n" " --create-dirs\n" " When used in conjunction with the -o, --output option, curl will\n" " create the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This\n" " option creates the dirs mentioned with the -o, --output option,\n" , stdout); fputs( " nothing else. If the --output file name uses no dir or if the\n" " dirs it mentions already exist, no dir will be created.\n" "\n" " To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-\n" " create-dirs.\n" "\n" " --crlf (FTP SMTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS\n" " (OS/390).\n" "\n" " (SMTP added in 7.40.0)\n" "\n" " --crlfile \n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revoca-\n" " tion List that may specify peer certificates that are to be con-\n" " sidered revoked.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.19.7.\n" "\n" " --data-ascii \n" " (HTTP) This is just an alias for -d, --data.\n" "\n" " --data-binary \n" " (HTTP) This posts data exactly as specified with no extra pro-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cessing whatsoever.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" " filename. Data is posted in a similar manner as -d, --data\n" " does, except that newlines and carriage returns are preserved\n" " and conversions are never done.\n" "\n" " Like -d, --data the default content-type sent to the server is\n" " application/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be\n" , stdout); fputs( " treated as arbitrary binary data by the server then set the con-\n" " tent-type to octet-stream: -H \"Content-Type: application/octet-\n" " stream\".\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the ones following the\n" " first will append data as described in -d, --data.\n" "\n" " --data-raw \n" " (HTTP) This posts data similarly to -d, --data but without the\n" " special interpretation of the @ character.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -d, --data. Added in 7.43.0.\n" "\n" " --data-urlencode \n" " (HTTP) This posts data, similar to the other -d, --data options\n" " with the exception that this performs URL-encoding.\n" "\n" " To be CGI-compliant, the part should begin with a name\n" " followed by a separator and a content specification. The \n" " part can be passed to curl using one of the following syntaxes:\n" "\n" " content\n" , stdout); fputs( " This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that\n" " on. Just be careful so that the content doesn't contain\n" " any = or @ symbols, as that will then make the syntax\n" " match one of the other cases below!\n" "\n" " =content\n" " This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that\n" " on. The preceding = symbol is not included in the data.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " name=content\n" " This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass\n" " that on. Note that the name part is expected to be URL-\n" " encoded already.\n" "\n" " @filename\n" " This will make curl load data from the given file (in-\n" " cluding any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it\n" " on in the POST.\n" "\n" " name@filename\n" , stdout); fputs( " This will make curl load data from the given file (in-\n" " cluding any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it\n" " on in the POST. The name part gets an equal sign ap-\n" " pended, resulting in name=urlencoded-file-content. Note\n" " that the name is expected to be URL-encoded already.\n" " See also -d, --data and --data-raw. Added in 7.18.0.\n" "\n" " -d, --data \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP\n" " server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has\n" " filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will\n" " cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type\n" " application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F, --form.\n" "\n" " --data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special inter-\n" , stdout); fputs( " pretation of the @ character. To post data purely binary, you\n" " should instead use the --data-binary option. To URL-encode the\n" " value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode.\n" "\n" " If any of these options is used more than once on the same com-\n" " mand line, the data pieces specified will be merged together\n" " with a separating &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d\n" , stdout); fputs( " skill=lousy' would generate a post chunk that looks like\n" " 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" " file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read\n" " the data from stdin. Multiple files can also be specified. Post-\n" " ing data from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with -d,\n" , stdout); fputs( " --data @foobar. When --data is told to read from a file like\n" " that, carriage returns and newlines will be stripped out. If you\n" " don't want the @ character to have a special interpretation use\n" " --data-raw instead.\n" "\n" " See also --data-binary and --data-urlencode and --data-raw. This\n" " option overrides -F, --form and -I, --head and -T, --upload-\n" " file.\n" "\n" " --delegation \n" , stdout); fputs( " (GSS/kerberos) Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed\n" " to delegate when it comes to user credentials.\n" "\n" " none Don't allow any delegation.\n" "\n" " policy Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set\n" " in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of\n" " realm policy.\n" "\n" " always Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.\n" "\n" " --digest\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is an authenti-\n" " cation scheme that prevents the password from being sent over\n" " the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal\n" " -u, --user option to set user name and password.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user and --proxy-digest and --anyauth. This op-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tion overrides --basic and --ntlm and --negotiate.\n" "\n" " --disable-eprt\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands\n" " when doing active FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first\n" " attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT before using PORT, but with this\n" " option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and LPRT are exten-\n" " sions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all\n" , stdout); fputs( " servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than\n" " the traditional PORT command.\n" "\n" " --eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt\n" " is an alias for --disable-eprt.\n" "\n" " If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option will have no\n" " effect as EPRT is necessary then.\n" "\n" " Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to\n" , stdout); fputs( " switch to passive mode you need to not use -P, --ftp-port or\n" " force it with --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " --disable-epsv\n" " (FTP) (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command\n" " when doing passive FTP transfers. Curl will normally always\n" " first attempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it\n" " will not try using EPSV.\n" "\n" " --epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv\n" , stdout); fputs( " is an alias for --disable-epsv.\n" "\n" " If the server is an IPv6 host, this option will have no effect\n" " as EPSV is necessary then.\n" "\n" " Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to\n" " switch to active mode you need to use -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " -q, --disable\n" " If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc\n" " config file will not be read and used. See the -K, --config for\n" , stdout); fputs( " details on the default config file search path.\n" "\n" " --disallow-username-in-url\n" " (HTTP) This tells curl to exit if passed a url containing a\n" " username.\n" "\n" " See also --proto. Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-interface \n" " (DNS) Tell curl to send outgoing DNS requests through . This option is a counterpart to --interface (which does\n" , stdout); fputs( " not affect DNS). The supplied string must be an interface name\n" " (not an address).\n" "\n" " See also --dns-ipv4-addr and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-interface\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-ipv4-addr
\n" " (DNS) Tell curl to bind to when making IPv4 DNS re-\n" " quests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address.\n" , stdout); fputs( " The argument should be a single IPv4 address.\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-ipv4-addr\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-ipv6-addr
\n" " (DNS) Tell curl to bind to when making IPv6 DNS re-\n" " quests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address.\n" , stdout); fputs( " The argument should be a single IPv6 address.\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-ipv6-addr\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-servers \n" " Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system de-\n" " fault. The list of IP addresses should be separated with com-\n" , stdout); fputs( " mas. Port numbers may also optionally be given as :\n" " after each IP address.\n" "\n" " --dns-servers requires that the underlying libcurl was built to\n" " support c-ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --doh-url \n" " (all) Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DOH) server to use to re-\n" " solve hostnames, instead of using the default name resolver\n" " mechanism. The URL must be HTTPS.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.62.0.\n" "\n" " -D, --dump-header \n" " (HTTP FTP) Write the received protocol headers to the specified\n" " file.\n" "\n" " This option is handy to use when you want to store the headers\n" " that an HTTP site sends to you. Cookies from the headers could\n" " then be read in a second curl invocation by using the -b,\n" , stdout); fputs( " --cookie option! The -c, --cookie-jar option is a better way to\n" " store cookies.\n" "\n" " If no headers are received, the use of this option will create\n" " an empty file.\n" "\n" " When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered\n" " being \"headers\" and thus are saved there.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also -o, --output.\n" "\n" " --egd-file \n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS) Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon\n" " socket. The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL\n" " connections.\n" "\n" " See also --random-file.\n" "\n" " --engine \n" " (TLS) Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher opera-\n" " tions. Use --engine list to print a list of build-time supported\n" " engines. Note that not all (or none) of the engines may be\n" , stdout); fputs( " available at run-time.\n" "\n" " --expect100-timeout \n" " (HTTP) Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a\n" " 100-continue response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue\n" " header in its request. By default curl will wait one second.\n" " This option accepts decimal values! When curl stops waiting, it\n" " will continue as if the response has been received.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --connect-timeout. Added in 7.47.0.\n" "\n" " --fail-early\n" " Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.\n" "\n" " When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line,\n" " it will attempt to operate on each given URL, one by one. By de-\n" " fault, it will ignore errors if there are more URLs given and\n" " the last URL's success will determine the error code curl re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " turns. So early failures will be \"hidden\" by subsequent success-\n" " ful transfers.\n" "\n" " Using this option, curl will instead return an error on the\n" " first transfer that fails, independent of the amount of URLs\n" " that are given on the command line. This way, no transfer fail-\n" " ures go undetected by scripts and similar.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" , stdout); fputs( " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " This option does not imply -f, --fail, which causes transfers to\n" " fail due to the server's HTTP status code. You can combine the\n" " two options, however note -f, --fail is not global and is there-\n" " fore contained by -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -f, --fail\n" " (HTTP) Fail silently (no output at all) on server errors. This\n" , stdout); fputs( " is mostly done to better enable scripts etc to better deal with\n" " failed attempts. In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to\n" " deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating so\n" " (which often also describes why and more). This flag will pre-\n" " vent curl from outputting that and return error 22.\n" "\n" " This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-\n" , stdout); fputs( " successful response codes will slip through, especially when au-\n" " thentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407).\n" "\n" " --false-start\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake.\n" " False start is a mode where a TLS client will start sending ap-\n" " plication data before verifying the server's Finished message,\n" " thus saving a round trip when performing a full handshake.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This is currently only implemented in the NSS and Secure Trans-\n" " port (on iOS 7.0 or later, or OS X 10.9 or later) backends.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.42.0.\n" "\n" " --form-string \n" " (HTTP SMTP IMAP) Similar to -F, --form except that the value\n" " string for the named parameter is used literally. Leading '@'\n" " and '<' characters, and the ';type=' string in the value have no\n" , stdout); fputs( " special meaning. Use this in preference to -F, --form if there's\n" " any possibility that the string value may accidentally trigger\n" " the '@' or '<' features of -F, --form.\n" "\n" " See also -F, --form.\n" "\n" " -F, --form \n" " (HTTP SMTP IMAP) For HTTP protocol family, this lets curl emu-\n" " late a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit\n" , stdout); fputs( " button. This causes curl to POST data using the Content-Type\n" " multipart/form-data according to RFC 2388.\n" "\n" " For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this is the mean to compose a mul-\n" " tipart mail message to transmit.\n" "\n" " This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'con-\n" " tent' part to be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To\n" , stdout); fputs( " just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name with\n" " the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @\n" " makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while\n" " the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text\n" " field from a file.\n" "\n" " Tell curl to read content from stdin instead of a file by using\n" , stdout); fputs( " - as filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin\n" " is used, the contents is buffered in memory first by curl to de-\n" " termine its size and allow a possible resend. Defining a part's\n" " data from a named non-regular file (such as a named pipe or sim-\n" " ilar) is unfortunately not subject to buffering and will be ef-\n" " fectively read at transmission time; since the full size is un-\n" , stdout); fputs( " known before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by\n" " HTTP and rejected by IMAP.\n" "\n" " Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the\n" " name of the form-field to which the file portrait.jpg will be\n" " the input:\n" "\n" " curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi\n" "\n" " Example: send a your name and shoe size in two text fields to\n" " the server:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/\n" "\n" " Example: send a your essay in a text field to the server. Send\n" " it as a plain text field, but get the contents for it from a lo-\n" " cal file:\n" "\n" " curl -F \"story=HTML message;type=text/html' \\\n" " -F '=)' -F '=@textfile.txt' ... smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " Data can be encoded for transfer using encoder=. Available en-\n" " codings are binary and 8bit that do nothing else than adding the\n" " corresponding Content-Transfer-Encoding header, 7bit that only\n" , stdout); fputs( " rejects 8-bit characters with a transfer error, quoted-printable\n" " and base64 that encodes data according to the corresponding\n" " schemes, limiting lines length to 76 characters.\n" "\n" " Example: send multipart mail with a quoted-printable text mes-\n" " sage and a base64 attached file:\n" "\n" " curl -F '=text message;encoder=quoted-printable' \\\n" " -F '=@localfile;encoder=base64' ... smtp://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See further examples and details in the MANUAL.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times.\n" "\n" " This option overrides -d, --data and -I, --head and -T, --up-\n" " load-file.\n" "\n" " --ftp-account \n" " (FTP) When an FTP server asks for \"account data\" after user name\n" " and password has been provided, this data is sent off using the\n" " ACCT command.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.13.0.\n" "\n" " --ftp-alternative-to-user \n" " (FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails,\n" " send this command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure\n" " Transport server over FTPS using a client certificate, using\n" " \"SITE AUTH\" will tell the server to retrieve the username from\n" , stdout); fputs( " the certificate.\n" " Added in 7.15.5.\n" "\n" " --ftp-create-dirs\n" " (FTP SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that\n" " doesn't currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of\n" " curl is to fail. Using this option, curl will instead attempt to\n" " create missing directories.\n" "\n" " See also --create-dirs.\n" "\n" " --ftp-method \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an\n" " FTP(S) server. The method argument should be one of the follow-\n" " ing alternatives:\n" "\n" " multicwd\n" " curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in\n" " the given URL. For deep hierarchies this means very many\n" " commands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should be done.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This is the default but the slowest behavior.\n" "\n" " nocwd curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR\n" " etc and give a full path to the server for all these com-\n" " mands. This is the fastest behavior.\n" "\n" " singlecwd\n" " curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then\n" " operates on the file \"normally\" (like in the multicwd\n" , stdout); fputs( " case). This is somewhat more standards compliant than\n" " 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.15.1.\n" "\n" " --ftp-pasv\n" " (FTP) Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the\n" " internal default behavior, but using this option can be used to\n" " override a previous -P, --ftp-port option.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" , stdout); fputs( " used. Undoing an enforced passive really isn't doable but you\n" " must then instead enforce the correct -P, --ftp-port again.\n" "\n" " Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and\n" " then PASV, unless --disable-epsv is used.\n" " See also --disable-epsv. Added in 7.11.0.\n" "\n" " -P, --ftp-port
\n" " (FTP) Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " necting with FTP. This option makes curl use active mode. curl\n" " then tells the server to connect back to the client's specified\n" " address and port, while passive mode asks the server to setup an\n" " IP address and port for it to connect to.
should be\n" " one of:\n" "\n" " interface\n" " e.g. \"eth0\" to specify which interface's IP address you\n" " want to use (Unix only)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " IP address\n" " e.g. \"192.168.10.1\" to specify the exact IP address\n" "\n" " host name\n" " e.g. \"my.host.domain\" to specify the machine\n" "\n" " - make curl pick the same IP address that is already used\n" " for the control connection\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Dis-\n" " able the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the\n" , stdout); fputs( " EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really\n" " PORT++.\n" "\n" " Since 7.19.5, you can append \":[start]-[end]\" to the right of the ad-\n" " dress, to tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify\n" " a port range, from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as\n" " well, but do note that it increases the risk of failure since the port\n" " may not be available.\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-pasv and --disable-eprt.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --ftp-pret\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV).\n" " Certain FTP servers, mainly drftpd, require this non-standard\n" " command for directory listings as well as up and downloads in\n" " PASV mode.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.20.0.\n" "\n" " --ftp-skip-pasv-ip\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in\n" " its response to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data\n" , stdout); fputs( " connection. Instead curl will re-use the same IP address it al-\n" " ready uses for the control connection.\n" "\n" " This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead\n" " of PASV.\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-pasv. Added in 7.14.2.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode \n" " (FTP) Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the\n" " shutdown, but instead wait for the server to do it, and will not\n" , stdout); fputs( " reply to the shutdown from the server. The active mode initiates\n" " the shutdown and waits for a reply from the server.\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-ssl-ccc. Added in 7.16.2.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-ccc\n" " (FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS\n" " layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel com-\n" " munication will be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to fol-\n" , stdout); fputs( " low the FTP transaction. The default mode is passive.\n" "\n" " See also --ssl and --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode. Added in 7.16.1.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-control\n" " (FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer.\n" " Allows secure authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers\n" " for efficiency. Fails the transfer if the server doesn't sup-\n" " port SSL/TLS.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.16.0.\n" "\n" " -G, --get\n" , stdout); fputs( " When used, this option will make all data specified with -d,\n" " --data, --data-binary or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP\n" " GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be\n" " used. The data will be appended to the URL with a '?' separator.\n" " If used in combination with -I, --head, the POST data will in-\n" " stead be appended to the URL with a HEAD request.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used. This is because undoing a GET doesn't make sense, but you\n" " should then instead enforce the alternative method you prefer.\n" "\n" " -g, --globoff\n" " This option switches off the \"URL globbing parser\". When you set\n" " this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[]\n" " without having them being interpreted by curl itself. Note that\n" , stdout); fputs( " these letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should\n" " be encoded according to the URI standard.\n" "\n" " --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms \n" " Happy eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both\n" " IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for dual-stack hosts, preferring IPv6\n" " first for the number of milliseconds. If the IPv6 address cannot\n" , stdout); fputs( " be connected to within that time then a connection attempt is\n" " made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The first connection to be\n" " established is the one that is used.\n" "\n" " The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs\n" " RFC 6555 says \"It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be\n" " paced 150-250 ms apart to balance human factors against network\n" , stdout); fputs( " load.\" libcurl currently defaults to 200 ms. Firefox and Chrome\n" " currently default to 300 ms.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " --haproxy-protocol\n" " (HTTP) Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning\n" " of the connection. This is used by some load balancers and re-\n" " verse proxies to indicate the client's true IP address and port.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a\n" " service that expects this header.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.60.0.\n" "\n" " -I, --head\n" " (HTTP FTP FILE) Fetch the headers only! HTTP-servers feature the\n" " command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a\n" " document. When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl displays the\n" " file size and last modification time only.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -H, --header
\n" " (HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP\n" " to a server. You may specify any number of extra headers. Note\n" " that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as\n" " one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set\n" " header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you\n" , stdout); fputs( " to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You\n" " should not replace internally set headers without knowing per-\n" " fectly well what you're doing. Remove an internal header by giv-\n" " ing a replacement without content on the right side of the\n" " colon, as in: -H \"Host:\". If you send the custom header with no-\n" " value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such\n" , stdout); fputs( " as -H \"X-Custom-Header;\" to send \"X-Custom-Header:\".\n" "\n" " curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent\n" " with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that\n" " as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage\n" " returns, they will only mess things up for you.\n" "\n" " Starting in 7.55.0, this option can take an argument in @file-\n" , stdout); fputs( " name style, which then adds a header for each line in the input\n" " file. Using @- will make curl read the header file from stdin.\n" "\n" " See also the -A, --user-agent and -e, --referer options.\n" "\n" " Starting in 7.37.0, you need --proxy-header to send custom head-\n" " ers intended for a proxy.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" "\n" " curl -H \"X-First-Name: Joe\" http://example.com/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " WARNING: headers set with this option will be set in all re-\n" " quests - even after redirects are followed, like when told with\n" " -L, --location. This can lead to the header being sent to other\n" " hosts than the original host, so sensitive headers should be\n" " used with caution combined with following redirects.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove\n" " multiple headers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -h, --help\n" " Usage help. This lists all current command line options with a\n" " short description.\n" " --hostpubmd5 \n" " (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The\n" " string should be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's\n" " public key, curl will refuse the connection with the host unless\n" " the md5sums match.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.17.1.\n" "\n" " --http0.9\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response.\n" "\n" " HTTP/0.9 is a completely headerless response and therefore you\n" " can also connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a\n" " response since curl will simply transparently downgrade - if al-\n" " lowed.\n" "\n" " Since curl 7.66.0, HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default.\n" "\n" " -0, --http1.0\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its\n" " internally preferred HTTP version.\n" "\n" " This option overrides --http1.1 and --http2.\n" "\n" " --http1.1\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1.\n" "\n" " This option overrides -0, --http1.0 and --http2. Added in\n" " 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using\n" , stdout); fputs( " HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge\n" " that the server supports HTTP/2 straight away. HTTPS requests\n" " will still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated protocol\n" " version in the TLS handshake.\n" "\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge requires that the underlying libcurl was\n" " built to support HTTP/2. This option overrides --http1.1 and -0,\n" " --http1.0 and --http2. Added in 7.49.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --http2\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 2.\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http3. --http2 requires that the under-\n" " lying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This option overrides\n" " --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2-prior-knowledge. Added\n" " in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --http3\n" " (HTTP) WARNING: this option is experiemental. Do not use in pro-\n" " duction.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use HTTP version 3 directly to the host and port\n" " number used in the URL. A normal HTTP/3 transaction will be done\n" " to a host and then get redirected via Alt-SVc, but this option\n" " allows a user to circumvent that when you know that the target\n" " speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port.\n" "\n" " This option will make curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be\n" , stdout); fputs( " established, it cannot fall back to a lower HTTP version on its\n" " own.\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. --http3 requires that the under-\n" " lying libcurl was built to support HTTP/3. This option overrides\n" " --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2 and --http2-prior-knowl-\n" " edge. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --ignore-content-length\n" " (FTP HTTP) For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is\n" , stdout); fputs( " particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which will\n" " report incorrect Content-Length for files larger than 2 giga-\n" " bytes.\n" "\n" " For FTP (since 7.46.0), skip the RETR command to figure out the\n" " size before downloading a file.\n" "\n" " -i, --include\n" " Include the HTTP response headers in the output. The HTTP re-\n" " sponse headers can include things like server name, cookies,\n" , stdout); fputs( " date of the document, HTTP version and more...\n" "\n" " To view the request headers, consider the -v, --verbose option.\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " -k, --insecure\n" " (TLS) By default, every SSL connection curl makes is verified to\n" " be secure. This option allows curl to proceed and operate even\n" " for server connections otherwise considered insecure.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The server connection is verified by making sure the server's\n" " certificate contains the right name and verifies successfully\n" " using the cert store.\n" "\n" " See this online resource for further details:\n" " https://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html\n" " See also --proxy-insecure and --cacert.\n" "\n" " --interface \n" "\n" " Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter\n" , stdout); fputs( " interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look\n" " like:\n" "\n" " curl --interface eth0:1 https://www.example.com/\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " On Linux it can be used to specify a VRF, but the binary needs\n" " to either have CAP_NET_RAW or to be run as root. More informa-\n" " tion about Linux VRF: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documenta-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tion/networking/vrf.txt\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface.\n" "\n" " -4, --ipv4\n" " This option tells curl to resolve names to IPv4 addresses only,\n" " and not for example try IPv6.\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option overrides -6,\n" " --ipv6.\n" "\n" " -6, --ipv6\n" " This option tells curl to resolve names to IPv6 addresses only,\n" " and not for example try IPv4.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option overrides -4,\n" " --ipv4.\n" "\n" " -j, --junk-session-cookies\n" " (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this\n" " option will make it discard all \"session cookies\". This will ba-\n" " sically have the same effect as if a new session is started.\n" " Typical browsers always discard session cookies when they're\n" " closed down.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -b, --cookie and -c, --cookie-jar.\n" "\n" " --keepalive-time \n" " This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle be-\n" " fore sending keepalive probes and the time between individual\n" " keepalive probes. It is currently effective on operating systems\n" " offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options\n" " (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). This option has no\n" , stdout); fputs( " effect if --no-keepalive is used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " If unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.18.0.\n" "\n" " --key-type \n" " (TLS) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key pro-\n" " vided private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not\n" " specified, PEM is assumed.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --key \n" " (TLS SSH) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your pri-\n" " vate key in this separate file. For SSH, if not specified, curl\n" " tries the following candidates in order: '~/.ssh/id_rsa',\n" " '~/.ssh/id_dsa', './id_rsa', './id_dsa'.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11\n" , stdout); fputs( " is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to spec-\n" " ify a private key located in a PKCS#11 device. A string begin-\n" " ning with \"pkcs11:\" will be interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a\n" " PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set as\n" " \"pkcs11\" if none was provided and the --key-type option will be\n" " set as \"ENG\" if none was provided.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --krb \n" " (FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be\n" " entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or\n" " 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these,\n" " 'private' will instead be used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" , stdout); fputs( " --krb requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support\n" " Kerberos.\n" "\n" " --libcurl \n" " Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you\n" " will get a libcurl-using C source code written to the file that\n" " does the equivalent of what your command-line operation does!\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last given file name\n" " will be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Added in 7.16.1.\n" "\n" " --limit-rate \n" " Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use - for\n" " both downloads and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a\n" " limited pipe and you'd like your transfer not to use your entire\n" " bandwidth. To make it slower than it otherwise would be.\n" "\n" " The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is\n" , stdout); fputs( " appended. Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilo-\n" " bytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it\n" " gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.\n" "\n" " If you also use the -Y, --speed-limit option, that option will\n" " take precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to\n" " help keeping the speed-limit logic working.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " -l, --list-only\n" " (FTP POP3) (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch\n" " forces a name-only view. This is especially useful if the user\n" " wants to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since\n" " the normal directory view doesn't use a standard look or format.\n" " When used like this, the option causes a NLST command to be sent\n" , stdout); fputs( " to the server instead of LIST.\n" "\n" " Note: Some FTP servers list only files in their response to\n" " NLST; they do not include sub-directories and symbolic links.\n" "\n" " (POP3) When retrieving a specific email from POP3, this switch\n" " forces a LIST command to be performed instead of RETR. This is\n" " particularly useful if the user wants to see if a specific mes-\n" , stdout); fputs( " sage id exists on the server and what size it is.\n" "\n" " Note: When combined with -X, --request, this option can be used\n" " to send an UIDL command instead, so the user may use the email's\n" " unique identifier rather than it's message id to make the re-\n" " quest.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.21.5.\n" "\n" " --local-port \n" " Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port\n" , stdout); fputs( " numbers to use for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by\n" " nature are a scarce resource that will be busy at times so set-\n" " ting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary\n" " connection setup failures.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.15.2.\n" "\n" " --location-trusted\n" " (HTTP) Like -L, --location, but will allow sending the name +\n" " password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or\n" , stdout); fputs( " may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to\n" " a site to which you'll send your authentication info (which is\n" " plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user.\n" "\n" " -L, --location\n" " (HTTP) If the server reports that the requested page has moved\n" " to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a\n" , stdout); fputs( " 3XX response code), this option will make curl redo the request\n" " on the new place. If used together with -i, --include or -I,\n" " --head, headers from all requested pages will be shown. When au-\n" " thentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to the\n" " initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it\n" " won't be able to intercept the user+password. See also --loca-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tion-trusted on how to change this. You can limit the amount of\n" " redirects to follow by using the --max-redirs option.\n" "\n" " When curl follows a redirect and the request is not a plain GET\n" " (for example POST or PUT), it will do the following request with\n" " a GET if the HTTP response was 301, 302, or 303. If the response\n" " code was any other 3xx code, curl will re-send the following re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " quest using the same unmodified method.\n" "\n" " You can tell curl to not change the non-GET request method to\n" " GET after a 30x response by using the dedicated options for\n" " that: --post301, --post302 and --post303.\n" "\n" " --login-options \n" " (IMAP POP3 SMTP) Specify the login options to use during server\n" " authentication.\n" "\n" " You can use the login options to specify protocol specific op-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tions that may be used during authentication. At present only\n" " IMAP, POP3 and SMTP support login options. For more information\n" " about the login options please see RFC 2384, RFC 5092 and IETF\n" " draft draft-earhart-url-smtp-00.txt\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.34.0.\n" "\n" " --mail-auth
\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SMTP) Specify a single address. This will be used to specify\n" " the authentication address (identity) of a submitted message\n" " that is being relayed to another server.\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-from. Added in 7.25.0.\n" "\n" " --mail-from
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get\n" " sent from.\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-auth. Added in 7.20.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --mail-rcpt
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single address, user name or mailing list name.\n" " Repeat this option several times to send to multiple recipients.\n" " When performing a mail transfer, the recipient should specify a\n" " valid email address to send the mail to.\n" "\n" " When performing an address verification (VRFY command), the re-\n" " cipient should be specified as the user name or user name and\n" , stdout); fputs( " domain (as per Section 3.5 of RFC5321). (Added in 7.34.0)\n" "\n" " When performing a mailing list expand (EXPN command), the recip-\n" " ient should be specified using the mailing list name, such as\n" " \"Friends\" or \"London-Office\". (Added in 7.34.0)\n" "\n" " Added in 7.20.0.\n" "\n" " -M, --manual\n" " Manual. Display the huge help text.\n" "\n" " --max-filesize \n" , stdout); fputs( " Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If\n" " the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer will\n" " not start and curl will return with exit code 63.\n" "\n" " A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K'\n" " will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it\n" " megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K,\n" , stdout); fputs( " 3m and 1G. (Added in 7.58.0)\n" "\n" " NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and\n" " for such files this option has no effect even if the file trans-\n" " fer ends up being larger than this given limit. This concerns\n" " both FTP and HTTP transfers.\n" "\n" " See also --limit-rate.\n" "\n" " --max-redirs \n" " (HTTP) Set maximum number of redirection-followings allowed.\n" , stdout); fputs( " When -L, --location is used, is used to prevent curl from fol-\n" " lowing redirections too much. By default, the limit is set to 50\n" " redirections. Set this option to -1 to make it unlimited.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " -m, --max-time \n" " Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to\n" , stdout); fputs( " take. This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hang-\n" " ing for hours due to slow networks or links going down. Since\n" " 7.32.0, this option accepts decimal values, but the actual time-\n" " out will decrease in accuracy as the specified timeout increases\n" " in decimal precision.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also --connect-timeout.\n" "\n" " --metalink\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option can tell curl to parse and process a given URI as\n" " Metalink file (both version 3 and 4 (RFC 5854) are supported)\n" " and make use of the mirrors listed within for failover if there\n" " are errors (such as the file or server not being available). It\n" " will also verify the hash of the file after the download com-\n" " pletes. The Metalink file itself is downloaded and processed in\n" , stdout); fputs( " memory and not stored in the local file system.\n" "\n" " Example to use a remote Metalink file:\n" "\n" " curl --metalink http://www.example.com/example.metalink\n" "\n" " To use a Metalink file in the local file system, use FILE proto-\n" " col (file://):\n" "\n" " curl --metalink file://example.metalink\n" "\n" " Please note that if FILE protocol is disabled, there is no way\n" , stdout); fputs( " to use a local Metalink file at the time of this writing. Also\n" " note that if --metalink and -i, --include are used together,\n" " --include will be ignored. This is because including headers in\n" " the response will break Metalink parser and if the headers are\n" " included in the file described in Metalink file, hash check will\n" " fail.\n" "\n" " --metalink requires that the underlying libcurl was built to\n" , stdout); fputs( " support metalink. Added in 7.27.0.\n" "\n" " --negotiate\n" " (HTTP) Enables Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication.\n" "\n" " This option requires a library built with GSS-API or SSPI sup-\n" " port. Use -V, --version to see if your curl supports GSS-\n" " API/SSPI or SPNEGO.\n" "\n" " When using this option, you must also provide a fake -u, --user\n" " option to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a\n" , stdout); fputs( " '-u :' is enough as the user name and password from the -u,\n" " --user option aren't actually used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " See also --basic and --ntlm and --anyauth and --proxy-negotiate.\n" "\n" " --netrc-file \n" " This option is similar to -n, --netrc, except that you provide\n" " the path (absolute or relative) to the netrc file that curl\n" , stdout); fputs( " should use. You can only specify one netrc file per invocation.\n" " If several --netrc-file options are provided, the last one will\n" " be used.\n" "\n" " It will abide by --netrc-optional if specified.\n" "\n" " This option overrides -n, --netrc. Added in 7.21.5.\n" "\n" " --netrc-optional\n" " Very similar to -n, --netrc, but this option makes the .netrc\n" " usage optional and not mandatory as the -n, --netrc option does.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --netrc-file. This option overrides -n, --netrc.\n" "\n" " -n, --netrc\n" " Makes curl scan the .netrc (_netrc on Windows) file in the\n" " user's home directory for login name and password. This is typi-\n" " cally used for FTP on Unix. If used with HTTP, curl will enable\n" " user authentication. See netrc(5) ftp(1) for details on the file\n" " format. Curl will not complain if that file doesn't have the\n" , stdout); fputs( " right permissions (it should not be either world- or group-read-\n" " able). The environment variable \"HOME\" is used to find the home\n" " directory.\n" "\n" " A quick and very simple example of how to setup a .netrc to al-\n" " low curl to FTP to the machine host.domain.com with user name\n" " 'myself' and password 'secret' should look similar to:\n" "\n" " machine host.domain.com login myself password secret\n" "\n" " -:, --next\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use a separate operation for the following URL and\n" " associated options. This allows you to send several URL re-\n" " quests, each with their own specific options, for example, such\n" " as different user names or custom requests for each.\n" "\n" " -:, --next will reset all local options and only global ones\n" " will have their values survive over to the operation following\n" , stdout); fputs( " the -:, --next instruction. Global options include -v, --ver-\n" " bose, --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early.\n" "\n" " For example, you can do both a GET and a POST in a single com-\n" " mand line:\n" "\n" " curl www1.example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com\n" "\n" " Added in 7.36.0.\n" "\n" " --no-alpn\n" " (HTTPS) Disable the ALPN TLS extension. ALPN is enabled by de-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fault if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports\n" " ALPN. ALPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negoti-\n" " ate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions.\n" "\n" " See also --no-npn and --http2. --no-alpn requires that the un-\n" " derlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.36.0.\n" "\n" " -N, --no-buffer\n" " Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work sit-\n" , stdout); fputs( " uations, curl will use a standard buffered output stream that\n" " will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not\n" " necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option\n" " will disable that buffering.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --buffer to enforce the buffering.\n" "\n" " --no-keepalive\n" , stdout); fputs( " Disables the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection.\n" " curl otherwise enables them by default.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --keepalive to enforce keepalive.\n" "\n" " --no-npn\n" " (HTTPS) Disable the NPN TLS extension. NPN is enabled by default\n" " if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports NPN. NPN\n" , stdout); fputs( " is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2\n" " support with the server during https sessions.\n" "\n" " See also --no-alpn and --http2. --no-npn requires that the un-\n" " derlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.36.0.\n" "\n" " --no-sessionid\n" " (TLS) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching. By default\n" " all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing\n" , stdout); fputs( " should ever get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs,\n" " there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may\n" " require you to disable this in order for you to succeed.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --sessionid to enforce session-ID caching.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.16.0.\n" "\n" " --noproxy \n" , stdout); fputs( " Comma-separated list of hosts which do not use a proxy, if one\n" " is specified. The only wildcard is a single * character, which\n" " matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy. Each name\n" " in this list is matched as either a domain which contains the\n" " hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, local.com would\n" " match local.com, local.com:80, and www.local.com, but not\n" , stdout); fputs( " www.notlocal.com.\n" "\n" " Since 7.53.0, This option overrides the environment variables\n" " that disable the proxy. If there's an environment variable dis-\n" " abling a proxy, you can set noproxy list to \"\" to override it.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.19.4.\n" "\n" " --ntlm-wb\n" " (HTTP) Enables NTLM much in the style --ntlm does, but hand over\n" " the authentication to the separate binary ntlmauth application\n" , stdout); fputs( " that is executed when needed.\n" "\n" " See also --ntlm and --proxy-ntlm.\n" "\n" " --ntlm (HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication\n" " method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers.\n" " It is a proprietary protocol, reverse-engineered by clever peo-\n" " ple and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of\n" " behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone\n" , stdout); fputs( " who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentica-\n" " tion method instead, such as Digest.\n" "\n" " If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then\n" " use --proxy-ntlm.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-ntlm. --ntlm requires that the underlying\n" , stdout); fputs( " libcurl was built to support TLS. This option overrides --basic\n" " and --negotiate and --digest and --anyauth.\n" "\n" " --oauth2-bearer \n" " (IMAP POP3 SMTP) Specify the Bearer Token for OAUTH 2.0 server\n" " authentication. The Bearer Token is used in conjunction with the\n" " user name which can be specified as part of the --url or -u,\n" " --user options.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The Bearer Token and user name are formatted according to RFC\n" " 6750.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " -o, --output \n" " Write output to instead of stdout. If you are using {} or\n" " [] to fetch multiple documents, you can use '#' followed by a\n" " number in the specifier. That variable will be replaced\n" , stdout); fputs( " with the current string for the URL being fetched. Like in:\n" "\n" " curl http://{one,two}.example.com -o \"file_#1.txt\"\n" "\n" " or use several variables like:\n" "\n" " curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o \"#1_#2\"\n" "\n" " You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you\n" " have. For example, if you specify two URLs on the same command\n" " line, you can use it like this:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -o aa example.com -o bb example.net\n" "\n" " and the order of the -o options and the URLs doesn't matter,\n" " just that the first -o is for the first URL and so on, so the\n" " above command line can also be written as\n" "\n" " curl example.com example.net -o aa -o bb\n" "\n" " See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directo-\n" " ries dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash)\n" , stdout); fputs( " will force the output to be done to stdout.\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name and --remote-name-all and -J, --re-\n" " mote-header-name.\n" "\n" " --parallel-max\n" " When asked to do parallel transfers, using -Z, --parallel, this\n" " option controls the maximum amount of transfers to do simultane-\n" " ously.\n" "\n" " The default is 50.\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " -Z, --parallel\n" , stdout); fputs( " Makes curl perform its transfers in parallel as compared to the\n" " regular serial manner.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --pass \n" " (SSH TLS) Passphrase for the private key\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --path-as-is\n" " Tell curl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given\n" " URL path. Normally curl will squash or merge them according to\n" , stdout); fputs( " standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.42.0.\n" "\n" " --pinnedpubkey \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or\n" " hashes) to verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which\n" " contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number\n" " of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and sepa-\n" " rated by ';'\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a\n" " certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted\n" " from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the pub-\n" " lic key provided to this option, curl will abort the connection\n" " before sending or receiving any data.\n" "\n" " PEM/DER support:\n" " 7.39.0: OpenSSL, GnuTLS and GSKit\n" " 7.43.0: NSS and wolfSSL\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7.47.0: mbedtls sha256 support:\n" " 7.44.0: OpenSSL, GnuTLS, NSS and wolfSSL\n" " 7.47.0: mbedtls Other SSL backends not supported.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --post301\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.2 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection. The\n" , stdout); fputs( " non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does\n" " the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a\n" " server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redi-\n" " rection. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --loca-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " See also --post302 and --post303 and -L, --location. Added in\n" " 7.17.1.\n" "\n" " --post302\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.3 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following a 302 redirection. The\n" " non-RFC behaviour is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does\n" " the conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a\n" " server may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redi-\n" " rection. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --loca-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --post301 and --post303 and -L, --location. Added in\n" " 7.19.1.\n" "\n" " --post303\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to violate RFC 7231/6.4.4 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following 303 redirections. A\n" " server may require a POST to remain a POST after a 303 redirect-\n" " ion. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --post302 and --post301 and -L, --location. Added in\n" " 7.26.0.\n" "\n" " --preproxy [protocol://]host[:port]\n" " Use the specified SOCKS proxy before connecting to an HTTP or\n" " HTTPS -x, --proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the\n" " SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or\n" " HTTPS proxy. Hence pre proxy.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The pre proxy string should be specified with a protocol:// pre-\n" " fix to specify alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://,\n" " socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request the specific\n" " SOCKS version to be used. No protocol specified will make curl\n" " default to SOCKS4.\n" "\n" " If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is\n" " assumed to be 1080.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are\n" " URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special charac-\n" " ters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -#, --progress-bar\n" " Make curl display transfer progress as a simple progress bar in-\n" , stdout); fputs( " stead of the standard, more informational, meter.\n" "\n" " This progress bar draws a single line of '#' characters across\n" " the screen and shows a percentage if the transfer size is known.\n" " For transfers without a known size, there will be space ship\n" " (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but only while data is being\n" " transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on top.\n" "\n" " --proto-default \n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use protocol for any URL missing a scheme name.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" "\n" " curl --proto-default https ftp.mozilla.org\n" "\n" " An unknown or unsupported protocol causes error CURLE_UNSUP-\n" " PORTED_PROTOCOL (1).\n" "\n" " This option does not change the default proxy protocol (http).\n" "\n" " Without this option curl would make a guess based on the host,\n" " see --url for details.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Added in 7.45.0.\n" "\n" " --proto-redir \n" " Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use on redirect. Pro-\n" " tocols denied by --proto are not overridden by this option. See\n" " --proto for how protocols are represented.\n" "\n" " Example, allow only HTTP and HTTPS on redirect:\n" "\n" " curl --proto-redir -all,http,https http://example.com\n" "\n" " By default curl will allow HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on redirect\n" , stdout); fputs( " (7.65.2). Older versions of curl allowed all protocols on redi-\n" " rect except several disabled for security reasons: Since 7.19.4\n" " FILE and SCP are disabled, and since 7.40.0 SMB and SMBS are\n" " also disabled. Specifying all or +all enables all protocols on\n" " redirect, including those disabled for security.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.20.2.\n" "\n" " --proto \n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use in the transfer.\n" " Protocols are evaluated left to right, are comma separated, and\n" " are each a protocol name or 'all', optionally prefixed by zero\n" " or more modifiers. Available modifiers are:\n" "\n" " + Permit this protocol in addition to protocols already permit-\n" " ted (this is the default if no modifier is used).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " - Deny this protocol, removing it from the list of protocols\n" " already permitted.\n" "\n" " = Permit only this protocol (ignoring the list already permit-\n" " ted), though subject to later modification by subsequent en-\n" " tries in the comma separated list.\n" "\n" " For example:\n" "\n" " --proto -ftps uses the default protocols, but disables ftps\n" "\n" " --proto -all,https,+http\n" , stdout); fputs( " only enables http and https\n" "\n" " --proto =http,https\n" " also only enables http and https\n" "\n" " Unknown protocols produce a warning. This allows scripts to safely rely\n" " on being able to disable potentially dangerous protocols, without rely-\n" " ing upon support for that protocol being built into curl to avoid an\n" " error.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times, in which case the effect is the\n" , stdout); fputs( " same as concatenating the protocols into one instance of the option.\n" "\n" " See also --proto-redir and --proto-default. Added in 7.20.2.\n" "\n" " --proxy-anyauth\n" " Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when commu-\n" " nicating with the given HTTP proxy. This might cause an extra\n" " request/response round-trip.\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-basic and --proxy-digest. Added\n" " in 7.13.2.\n" "\n" " --proxy-basic\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating\n" " with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a\n" " remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl\n" " uses with proxies.\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-digest.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cacert \n" " Same as --cacert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-capath and --cacert and --capath and -x,\n" " --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-capath \n" " Same as --capath but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-cacert and -x, --proxy and --capath. Added in\n" " 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cert-type \n" " Same as --cert-type but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cert \n" , stdout); fputs( " Same as -E, --cert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ciphers \n" " Same as --ciphers but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-crlfile \n" " Same as --crlfile but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-digest\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating\n" , stdout); fputs( " with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with\n" " a remote host.\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --proxy-header
\n" " (HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP\n" " to a proxy. You may specify any number of extra headers. This is\n" " the equivalent option to -H, --header but is for proxy communi-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cation only like in CONNECT requests when you want a separate\n" " header sent to the proxy to what is sent to the actual remote\n" " host.\n" "\n" " curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent\n" " with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that\n" " as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage\n" " returns, they will only mess things up for you.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Headers specified with this option will not be included in re-\n" " quests that curl knows will not be sent to a proxy.\n" "\n" " Starting in 7.55.0, this option can take an argument in @file-\n" " name style, which then adds a header for each line in the input\n" " file. Using @- will make curl read the header file from stdin.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove\n" " multiple headers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Added in 7.37.0.\n" " --proxy-insecure\n" " Same as -k, --insecure but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-key-type \n" " Same as --key-type but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-key \n" " Same as --key but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " --proxy-negotiate\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication when\n" , stdout); fputs( " communicating with the given proxy. Use --negotiate for enabling\n" " HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) with a remote host.\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic. Added in 7.17.1.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ntlm\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating\n" " with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote\n" " host.\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-negotiate and --proxy-anyauth.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-pass \n" " Same as --pass but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-pinnedpubkey \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or\n" " hashes) to verify the proxy. This can be a path to a file which\n" " contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number\n" " of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and sepa-\n" , stdout); fputs( " rated by ';'\n" "\n" " When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a\n" " certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted\n" " from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the pub-\n" " lic key provided to this option, curl will abort the connection\n" " before sending or receiving any data.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-service-name \n" " This option allows you to change the service name for proxy ne-\n" " gotiation.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.43.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ssl-allow-beast\n" " Same as --ssl-allow-beast but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tls13-ciphers \n" " (TLS) Specifies which cipher suites to use in the connection to\n" , stdout); fputs( " your HTTPS proxy when it negotiates TLS 1.3. The list of ciphers\n" " suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on TLS 1.3 cipher\n" " suite details on this URL:\n" "\n" " https://curl.haxx.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " This option is currently used only when curl is built to use\n" " OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later. If you are using a different SSL backend\n" " you can try setting TLS 1.3 cipher suites by using the --proxy-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ciphers option.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsauthtype \n" " Same as --tlsauthtype but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlspassword \n" " Same as --tlspassword but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsuser \n" " Same as --tlsuser but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsv1\n" " Same as -1, --tlsv1 but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -U, --proxy-user \n" " Specify the user name and password to use for proxy authentica-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and do either Ne-\n" " gotiate or NTLM authentication then you can tell curl to select\n" , stdout); fputs( " the user name and password from your environment by specifying a\n" " single colon with this option: \"-U :\".\n" "\n" " On systems where it works, curl will hide the given option argu-\n" " ment from process listings. This is not enough to protect cre-\n" " dentials from possibly getting seen by other users on the same\n" " system as they will still be visible for a brief moment before\n" , stdout); fputs( " cleared. Such sensitive data should be retrieved from a file in-\n" " stead or similar and never used in clear text in a command line.\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " -x, --proxy [protocol://]host[:port]\n" " Use the specified proxy.\n" "\n" " The proxy string can be specified with a protocol:// prefix. No\n" " protocol specified or http:// will be treated as HTTP proxy. Use\n" , stdout); fputs( " socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request a spe-\n" " cific SOCKS version to be used. (The protocol support was added\n" " in curl 7.21.7)\n" "\n" " HTTPS proxy support via https:// protocol prefix was added in\n" " 7.52.0 for OpenSSL, GnuTLS and NSS.\n" "\n" " Unrecognized and unsupported proxy protocols cause an error\n" " since 7.52.0. Prior versions may ignore the protocol and use\n" , stdout); fputs( " http:// instead.\n" "\n" " If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is\n" " assumed to be 1080.\n" "\n" " This option overrides existing environment variables that set\n" " the proxy to use. If there's an environment variable setting a\n" " proxy, you can set proxy to \"\" to override it.\n" "\n" " All operations that are performed over an HTTP proxy will trans-\n" , stdout); fputs( " parently be converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol\n" " specific operations might not be available. This is not the case\n" " if you can tunnel through the proxy, as one with the -p, --prox-\n" " ytunnel option.\n" "\n" " User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are\n" " URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special charac-\n" " ters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The proxy host can be specified the exact same way as the proxy\n" " environment variables, including the protocol prefix (http://)\n" " and the embedded user + password.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --proxy1.0 \n" " Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not\n" " specified, it is assumed at port 1080.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option -x,\n" " --proxy, is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy will\n" " specify an HTTP 1.0 protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1.\n" "\n" " -p, --proxytunnel\n" " When an HTTP proxy is used -x, --proxy, this option will make\n" " curl tunnel through the proxy. The tunnel approach is made with\n" " the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy al-\n" , stdout); fputs( " lows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tun-\n" " nel through to.\n" "\n" " To suppress proxy CONNECT response headers when curl is set to\n" " output headers use --suppress-connect-headers.\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --pubkey \n" " (SFTP SCP) Public key file name. Allows you to provide your pub-\n" " lic key in this separate file.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " (As of 7.39.0, curl attempts to automatically extract the public\n" " key from the private key file, so passing this option is gener-\n" " ally not required. Note that this public key extraction requires\n" " libcurl to be linked against a copy of libssh2 1.2.8 or higher\n" " that is itself linked against OpenSSL.)\n" "\n" " -Q, --quote\n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP SFTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP\n" " server. Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer takes place\n" " (just after the initial PWD command in an FTP transfer, to be\n" " exact). To make commands take place after a successful transfer,\n" " prefix them with a dash '-'. To make commands be sent after\n" " curl has changed the working directory, just before the transfer\n" , stdout); fputs( " command(s), prefix the command with a '+' (this is only sup-\n" " ported for FTP). You may specify any number of commands.\n" "\n" " If the server returns failure for one of the commands, the en-\n" " tire operation will be aborted. You must send syntactically cor-\n" " rect FTP commands as RFC 959 defines to FTP servers, or one of\n" " the commands listed below to SFTP servers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Prefix the command with an asterisk (*) to make curl continue\n" " even if the command fails as by default curl will stop at first\n" " failure.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times.\n" "\n" " SFTP is a binary protocol. Unlike for FTP, curl interprets SFTP\n" " quote commands itself before sending them to the server. File\n" " names may be quoted shell-style to embed spaces or special char-\n" , stdout); fputs( " acters. Following is the list of all supported SFTP quote com-\n" " mands:\n" "\n" " chgrp group file\n" " The chgrp command sets the group ID of the file named by\n" " the file operand to the group ID specified by the group\n" " operand. The group operand is a decimal integer group ID.\n" "\n" " chmod mode file\n" " The chmod command modifies the file mode bits of the\n" , stdout); fputs( " specified file. The mode operand is an octal integer mode\n" " number.\n" "\n" " chown user file\n" " The chown command sets the owner of the file named by the\n" " file operand to the user ID specified by the user oper-\n" " and. The user operand is a decimal integer user ID.\n" "\n" " ln source_file target_file\n" " The ln and symlink commands create a symbolic link at the\n" , stdout); fputs( " target_file location pointing to the source_file loca-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " mkdir directory_name\n" " The mkdir command creates the directory named by the di-\n" " rectory_name operand.\n" "\n" " pwd The pwd command returns the absolute pathname of the cur-\n" " rent working directory.\n" "\n" " rename source target\n" , stdout); fputs( " The rename command renames the file or directory named by\n" " the source operand to the destination path named by the\n" " target operand.\n" "\n" " rm file\n" " The rm command removes the file specified by the file op-\n" " erand.\n" "\n" " rmdir directory\n" " The rmdir command removes the directory entry specified\n" , stdout); fputs( " by the directory operand, provided it is empty.\n" "\n" " symlink source_file target_file\n" " See ln.\n" "\n" " --random-file \n" " Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered\n" " as random data. The data may be used to seed the random engine\n" " for SSL connections. See also the --egd-file option.\n" "\n" " -r, --range \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP FTP SFTP FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i.e. a partial docu-\n" " ment) from an HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE.\n" " Ranges can be specified in a number of ways.\n" "\n" " 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes\n" "\n" " 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes\n" "\n" " -500 specifies the last 500 bytes\n" "\n" " 9500- specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP)\n" "\n" " 100-199,500-599\n" " specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP)\n" "\n" " (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a mul-\n" " tipart response!\n" "\n" " Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop'\n" " fields of the 'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit charac-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ter is given in the range, the server's response will be unspec-\n" " ified, depending on the server's configuration.\n" "\n" " You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have\n" " this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range,\n" " you'll instead get the whole document.\n" "\n" " FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-\n" , stdout); fputs( " stop' syntax (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP\n" " use depends on the extended FTP command SIZE.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --raw (HTTP) When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of con-\n" " tent or transfer encodings and instead makes them passed on un-\n" " altered, raw.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.16.2.\n" "\n" " -e, --referer \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Sends the \"Referrer Page\" information to the HTTP server.\n" " This can also be set with the -H, --header flag of course. When\n" " used with -L, --location you can append \";auto\" to the -e,\n" " --referer URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL\n" " when it follows a Location: header. The \";auto\" string can be\n" " used alone, even if you don't set an initial -e, --referer.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also -A, --user-agent and -H, --header.\n" "\n" " -J, --remote-header-name\n" " (HTTP) This option tells the -O, --remote-name option to use the\n" " server-specified Content-Disposition filename instead of ex-\n" " tracting a filename from the URL.\n" "\n" " If the server specifies a file name and a file with that name\n" , stdout); fputs( " already exists in the current working directory it will not be\n" " overwritten and an error will occur. If the server doesn't spec-\n" " ify a file name then this option has no effect.\n" "\n" " There's no attempt to decode %-sequences (yet) in the provided\n" " file name, so this option may provide you with rather unexpected\n" " file names.\n" "\n" " WARNING: Exercise judicious use of this option, especially on\n" , stdout); fputs( " Windows. A rogue server could send you the name of a DLL or\n" " other file that could possibly be loaded automatically by Win-\n" " dows or some third party software.\n" "\n" " --remote-name-all\n" " This option changes the default action for all given URLs to be\n" " dealt with as if -O, --remote-name were used for each one. So if\n" " you want to disable that for a specific URL after --remote-name-\n" , stdout); fputs( " all has been used, you must use \"-o -\" or --no-remote-name.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.19.0.\n" "\n" " -O, --remote-name\n" " Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get.\n" " (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut\n" " off.)\n" "\n" " The file will be saved in the current working directory. If you\n" " want the file saved in a different directory, make sure you\n" , stdout); fputs( " change the current working directory before invoking curl with\n" " this option.\n" "\n" " The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the\n" " given URL, nothing else, and if it already exists it will be\n" " overwritten. If you want the server to be able to choose the\n" " file name refer to -J, --remote-header-name which can be used in\n" , stdout); fputs( " addition to this option. If the server chooses a file name and\n" " that name already exists it will not be overwritten.\n" "\n" " There is no URL decoding done on the file name. If it has %20 or\n" " other URL encoded parts of the name, they will end up as-is as\n" " file name.\n" "\n" " You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you\n" " have.\n" "\n" " -R, --remote-time\n" , stdout); fputs( " When used, this will make curl attempt to figure out the time-\n" " stamp of the remote file, and if that is available make the lo-\n" " cal file get that same timestamp.\n" "\n" " --request-target\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use an alternative \"target\" (path) instead\n" " of using the path as provided in the URL. Particularly useful\n" " when wanting to issue HTTP requests without leading slash or\n" , stdout); fputs( " other data that doesn't follow the regular URL pattern, like\n" " \"OPTIONS *\".\n" "\n" " Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " -X, --request \n" " (HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicat-\n" " ing with the HTTP server. The specified request method will be\n" " used instead of the method otherwise used (which defaults to\n" " GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explana-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tions. Common additional HTTP requests include PUT and DELETE,\n" " but related technologies like WebDAV offers PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE\n" " and more.\n" "\n" " Normally you don't need this option. All sorts of GET, HEAD,\n" " POST and PUT requests are rather invoked by using dedicated com-\n" " mand line options.\n" "\n" " This option only changes the actual word used in the HTTP re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " quest, it does not alter the way curl behaves. So for example if\n" " you want to make a proper HEAD request, using -X HEAD will not\n" " suffice. You need to use the -I, --head option.\n" "\n" " The method string you set with -X, --request will be used for\n" " all requests, which if you for example use -L, --location may\n" " cause unintended side-effects when curl doesn't change request\n" , stdout); fputs( " method according to the HTTP 30x response codes - and similar.\n" "\n" " (FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when\n" " doing file lists with FTP.\n" "\n" " (POP3) Specifies a custom POP3 command to use instead of LIST or\n" " RETR. (Added in 7.26.0)\n" "\n" " (IMAP) Specifies a custom IMAP command to use instead of LIST.\n" " (Added in 7.30.0)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SMTP) Specifies a custom SMTP command to use instead of HELP or\n" " VRFY. (Added in 7.34.0)\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --resolve \n" " Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Us-\n" " ing this, you can make the curl requests(s) use a specified ad-\n" " dress and prevent the otherwise normally resolved address to be\n" , stdout); fputs( " used. Consider it a sort of /etc/hosts alternative provided on\n" " the command line. The port number should be the number used for\n" " the specific protocol the host will be used for. It means you\n" " need several entries if you want to provide address for the same\n" " host but different ports.\n" "\n" " By specifying '*' as host you can tell curl to resolve any host\n" , stdout); fputs( " and specific port pair to the specified address. Wildcard is re-\n" " solved last so any --resolve with a specific host and port will\n" " be used first.\n" "\n" " The provided address set by this option will be used even if -4,\n" " --ipv4 or -6, --ipv6 is set to make curl use another IP version.\n" " Support for providing the IP address within [brackets] was added\n" " in 7.57.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Support for providing multiple IP addresses per entry was added\n" " in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " Support for resolving with wildcard was added in 7.64.0.\n" "\n" " This option can be used many times to add many host names to re-\n" " solve.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.21.3.\n" "\n" " --retry-connrefused\n" " In addition to the other conditions, consider ECONNREFUSED as a\n" " transient error too for --retry. This option is used together\n" , stdout); fputs( " with --retry.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --retry-delay \n" " Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a\n" " transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the de-\n" " fault backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is\n" " only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to\n" " zero will make curl use the default backoff time.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.12.3.\n" "\n" " --retry-max-time \n" " The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Re-\n" " tries will be done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer\n" " hasn't reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer hasn't\n" " reached the limit, the request will be made and while perform-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ing, it may take longer than this given time period. To limit a\n" " single request's maximum time, use -m, --max-time. Set this op-\n" " tion to zero to not timeout retries.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.12.3.\n" "\n" " --retry \n" " If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a\n" , stdout); fputs( " transfer, it will retry this number of times before giving up.\n" " Setting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the\n" " default). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 4xx\n" " response code or an HTTP 408 or 5xx response code.\n" "\n" " When curl is about to retry a transfer, it will first wait one\n" " second and then for all forthcoming retries it will double the\n" , stdout); fputs( " waiting time until it reaches 10 minutes which then will be the\n" " delay between the rest of the retries. By using --retry-delay\n" " you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See also\n" " --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries.\n" "\n" " Since curl 7.66.0, curl will comply with the Retry-After: re-\n" " sponse header if one was present to know when to issue the next\n" " retry.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.12.3.\n" "\n" " --sasl-authzid\n" " Use this authorisation identity (authzid), during SASL PLAIN au-\n" " thentication, in addition to the authentication identity (auth-\n" " cid) as specified by -u, --user.\n" "\n" " If the option isn't specified, the server will derive the au-\n" " thzid from the authcid, but if specified, and depending on the\n" , stdout); fputs( " server implementation, it may be used to access another user's\n" " inbox, that the user has been granted access to, or a shared\n" " mailbox for example.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --sasl-ir\n" " Enable initial response in SASL authentication.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.31.0.\n" "\n" " --service-name \n" " This option allows you to change the service name for SPNEGO.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Examples: --negotiate --service-name sockd would use\n" " sockd/server-name.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.43.0.\n" " -S, --show-error\n" " When used with -s, --silent, it makes curl show an error message\n" " if it fails.\n" " -s, --silent\n" " Silent or quiet mode. Don't show progress meter or error mes-\n" " sages. Makes Curl mute. It will still output the data you ask\n" , stdout); fputs( " for, potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect\n" " it.\n" "\n" " Use -S, --show-error in addition to this option to disable\n" " progress meter but still show error messages.\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose and --stderr.\n" "\n" " --socks4 \n" " Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not speci-\n" " fied, it is assumed at port 1080.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a\n" " socks4 proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks4:// protocol prefix.\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" " the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In\n" , stdout); fputs( " such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then con-\n" " nects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.15.2.\n" "\n" " --socks4a \n" " Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not spec-\n" " ified, it is assumed at port 1080.\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" , stdout); fputs( " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a\n" " socks4a proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks4a:// protocol pre-\n" " fix.\n" "\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" " the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In\n" " such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " nects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.18.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-basic\n" " Tells curl to use username/password authentication when connect-\n" " ing to a SOCKS5 proxy. The username/password authentication is\n" " enabled by default. Use --socks5-gssapi to force GSS-API au-\n" " thentication to SOCKS5 proxies.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi-nec\n" " As part of the GSS-API negotiation a protection mode is negoti-\n" " ated. RFC 1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected,\n" " but the NEC reference implementation does not. The option\n" " --socks5-gssapi-nec allows the unprotected exchange of the pro-\n" " tection mode negotiation.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.19.4.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi-service \n" , stdout); fputs( " The default service name for a socks server is rcmd/server-fqdn.\n" " This option allows you to change it.\n" "\n" " Examples: --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-service sockd\n" " would use sockd/proxy-name --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-\n" " service sockd/real-name would use sockd/real-name for cases\n" " where the proxy-name does not match the principal name.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.19.4.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use GSS-API authentication when connecting to a\n" " SOCKS5 proxy. The GSS-API authentication is enabled by default\n" " (if curl is compiled with GSS-API support). Use --socks5-basic\n" " to force username/password authentication to SOCKS5 proxies.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-hostname \n" " Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the\n" , stdout); fputs( " host name). If the port number is not specified, it is assumed\n" " at port 1080.\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a\n" " socks5 hostname proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks5h:// proto-\n" " col prefix.\n" "\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" , stdout); fputs( " the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In\n" " such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then con-\n" " nects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.18.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5 \n" " Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the host name lo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cally. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at\n" " port 1080.\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " Since 7.21.7, this option is superfluous since you can specify a\n" " socks5 proxy with -x, --proxy using a socks5:// protocol prefix.\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" , stdout); fputs( " the same time -x, --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In\n" " such a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then con-\n" " nects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " This option (as well as --socks4) does not work with IPV6, FTPS\n" " or LDAP.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.18.0.\n" "\n" " -Y, --speed-limit \n" , stdout); fputs( " If a download is slower than this given speed (in bytes per sec-\n" " ond) for speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time is set\n" " with -y, --speed-time and is 30 if not set.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " -y, --speed-time \n" " If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per second during\n" " a speed-time period, the download gets aborted. If speed-time is\n" , stdout); fputs( " used, the default speed-limit will be 1 unless set with -Y,\n" " --speed-limit.\n" "\n" " This option controls transfers and thus will not affect slow\n" " connects etc. If this is a concern for you, try the --connect-\n" " timeout option.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " --ssl-allow-beast\n" " This option tells curl to not work around a security flaw in the\n" , stdout); fputs( " SSL3 and TLS1.0 protocols known as BEAST. If this option isn't\n" " used, the SSL layer may use workarounds known to cause interop-\n" " erability problems with some older SSL implementations. WARNING:\n" " this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this flag you\n" " ask for exactly that.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.25.0.\n" "\n" " --ssl-no-revoke\n" " (Schannel) This option tells curl to disable certificate revoca-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tion checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and\n" " by using this flag you ask for exactly that.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.44.0.\n" "\n" " --ssl-reqd\n" " (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP) Require SSL/TLS for the connection. Termi-\n" " nates the connection if the server doesn't support SSL/TLS.\n" "\n" " This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl-reqd.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.20.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --ssl (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP) Try to use SSL/TLS for the connection. Re-\n" " verts to a non-secure connection if the server doesn't support\n" " SSL/TLS. See also --ftp-ssl-control and --ssl-reqd for differ-\n" " ent levels of encryption required.\n" "\n" " This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl (Added in 7.11.0).\n" " That option name can still be used but will be removed in a fu-\n" " ture version.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Added in 7.20.0.\n" "\n" " -2, --sslv2\n" " (SSL) Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when negotiating with a\n" " remote SSL server. Sometimes curl is built without SSLv2 sup-\n" " port. SSLv2 is widely considered insecure (see RFC 6176).\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. -2, --sslv2 requires that the\n" " underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option over-\n" , stdout); fputs( " rides -3, --sslv3 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1 and --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " -3, --sslv3\n" " (SSL) Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when negotiating with a\n" " remote SSL server. Sometimes curl is built without SSLv3 sup-\n" " port. SSLv3 is widely considered insecure (see RFC 7568).\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. -3, --sslv3 requires that the\n" " underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option over-\n" , stdout); fputs( " rides -2, --sslv2 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1 and --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " --stderr\n" " Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If\n" " the file name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent.\n" "\n" " --styled-output\n" " Enables the automatic use of bold font styles when writing HTTP\n" , stdout); fputs( " headers to the terminal. Use --no-styled-output to switch them\n" " off.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --suppress-connect-headers\n" " When -p, --proxytunnel is used and a CONNECT request is made\n" " don't output proxy CONNECT response headers. This option is\n" " meant to be used with -D, --dump-header or -i, --include which\n" " are used to show protocol headers in the output. It has no ef-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fect on debug options such as -v, --verbose or --trace, or any\n" " statistics.\n" "\n" " See also -D, --dump-header and -i, --include and -p, --proxytun-\n" " nel.\n" "\n" " --tcp-fastopen\n" " Enable use of TCP Fast Open (RFC7413).\n" "\n" " Added in 7.49.0.\n" "\n" " --tcp-nodelay\n" " Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt(3) man\n" " page for details about this option.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Since 7.50.2, curl sets this option by default and you need to\n" " explicitly switch it off if you don't want it on.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.11.2.\n" "\n" " -t, --telnet-option \n" " Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:\n" "\n" " TTYPE= Sets the terminal type.\n" "\n" " XDISPLOC= Sets the X display location.\n" "\n" " NEW_ENV= Sets an environment variable.\n" "\n" " --tftp-blksize \n" , stdout); fputs( " (TFTP) Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512). This is the block\n" " size that curl will try to use when transferring data to or from\n" " a TFTP server. By default 512 bytes will be used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.20.0.\n" "\n" " --tftp-no-options\n" " (TFTP) Tells curl not to send TFTP options requests.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option improves interop with some legacy servers that do\n" " not acknowledge or properly implement TFTP options. When this\n" " option is used --tftp-blksize is ignored.\n" "\n" " Added in 7.48.0.\n" "\n" " -z, --time-cond