systemd Developer Lennart Poettering lennart@poettering.net Developer Harald Hoyer harald@redhat.com systemd-analyze 1 systemd-analyze Analyze system boot-up performance systemd-analyze OPTIONS time systemd-analyze OPTIONS blame systemd-analyze OPTIONS critical-chain UNIT systemd-analyze OPTIONS plot > file.svg systemd-analyze OPTIONS dot PATTERN > file.dot systemd-analyze OPTIONS dump systemd-analyze OPTIONS set-log-level LEVEL systemd-analyze OPTIONS verify FILES systemd-analyze may be used to determine system boot-up performance statistics and retrieve other state and tracing information from the system and service manager, and to verify the correctness of unit files. systemd-analyze time prints the time spent in the kernel before userspace has been reached, the time spent in the initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system userspace has been reached, and the time normal system userspace took to initialize. Note that these measurements simply measure the time passed up to the point where all system services have been spawned, but not necessarily until they fully finished initialization or the disk is idle. systemd-analyze blame prints a list of all running units, ordered by the time they took to initialize. This information may be used to optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be misleading as the initialization of one service might be slow simply because it waits for the initialization of another service to complete. systemd-analyze critical-chain [UNIT...] prints a tree of the time-critical chain of units (for each of the specified UNITs or for the default target otherwise). The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the "@" character. The time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character. Note that the output might be misleading as the initialization of one service might depend on socket activation and because of the parallel execution of units. systemd-analyze plot prints an SVG graphic detailing which system services have been started at what time, highlighting the time they spent on initialization. systemd-analyze dot generates textual dependency graph description in dot format for further processing with the GraphViz dot1 tool. Use a command line like systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg to generate a graphical dependency tree. Unless --order or --require is passed, the generated graph will show both ordering and requirement dependencies. Optional pattern globbing style specifications (e.g. *.target) may be given at the end. A unit dependency is included in the graph if any of these patterns match either the origin or destination node. systemd-analyze dump outputs a (usually very long) human-readable serialization of the complete server state. Its format is subject to change without notice and should not be parsed by applications. systemd-analyze set-log-level LEVEL changes the current log level of the systemd daemon to LEVEL (accepts the same values as --log-level= described in systemd1). systemd-analyze verify will load unit files and print warnings if any errors are detected. Files specified on the command line will be loaded, but also any other units referenced by them. This command works by prepending the directories for all command line arguments at the beginning of the unit load path, which means that all units files found in those directories will be used in preference to the unit files found in the standard locations, even if not listed explicitly. If no command is passed, systemd-analyze time is implied. The following options are understood: --user Operates on the user systemd instance. --system Operates on the system systemd instance. This is the implied default. --order --require When used in conjunction with the dot command (see above), selects which dependencies are shown in the dependency graph. If --order is passed, only dependencies of type After= or Before= are shown. If --require is passed, only dependencies of type Requires=, RequiresOverridable=, Requisite=, RequisiteOverridable=, Wants= and Conflicts= are shown. If neither is passed, this shows dependencies of all these types. --from-pattern= --to-pattern= When used in conjunction with the dot command (see above), this selects which relationships are shown in the dependency graph. They both require glob7 patterns as arguments, which are matched against left-hand and right-hand, respectively, nodes of a relationship. Each of these can be used more than once, which means a unit name must match one of the given values. --fuzz=timespan When used in conjunction with the critical-chain command (see above), also show units, which finished timespan earlier, than the latest unit in the same level. The unit of timespan is seconds unless specified with a different unit, e.g. "50ms". --no-man Do not invoke man to verify the existence of man pages listen in Documentation=. On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise. $ systemd-analyze dot 'avahi-daemon.*' | dot -Tsvg > avahi.svg $ eog avahi.svg systemd-analyze dot --to-pattern='*.target' --from-pattern='*.target' | dot -Tsvg > targets.svg $ eog targets.svg The following errors are currently detected: unknown sections and directives, missing dependencies which are required to start the given unit, man pages listed in Documentation= which are not found in the system, commands listed in ExecStart= and similar which are not found in the system or not executable. $ cat ./user.slice [Unit] WhatIsThis=11 Documentation=man:nosuchfile(1) Requires=different.service [Service] Desription=x $ systemd-verify ./user.slice [./user.slice:9] Unknown lvalue 'WhatIsThis' in section 'Unit' [./user.slice:13] Unknown section 'Service'. Ignoring. Error: org.freedesktop.systemd1.LoadFailed: Unit different.service failed to load: No such file or directory. Failed to create user.slice/start: Invalid argument user.slice: man nosuchfile(1) command failed with code 16 $ tail ./a.socket ./b.socket ==> ./a.socket <== [Socket] ListenStream=100 ==> ./b.socket <== [Socket] ListenStream=100 Accept=yes $ systemd-verify ./a.socket ./b.socket Service a.service not loaded, a.socket cannot be started. Service b@0.service not loaded, b.socket cannot be started. systemd1, systemctl1