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diff --git a/tests/test-yyextra/test.input b/tests/test-yyextra/test.input deleted file mode 100644 index 243df29..0000000 --- a/tests/test-yyextra/test.input +++ /dev/null @@ -1,795 +0,0 @@ - - THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION - _________________________________________________________________ - - (See Note 1) - - We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect - Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the - common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings - of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish - this Constitution for the United States of America. - -Article. I. - - Section 1. - - All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of - the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of - Representatives. - - Section. 2. - - Clause 1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members - chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the - Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for - Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. - - Clause 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have - attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a - Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an - Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. - - Clause 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among - the several States which may be included within this Union, according - to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to - the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for - a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all - other Persons. (See Note 2) The actual Enumeration shall be made - within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the - United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such - Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives - shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall - have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be - made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, - Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, - Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, - Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South - Carolina five, and Georgia three. - - Clause 4: When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, - the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill - such Vacancies. - - Clause 5: The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and - other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. - - Section. 3. - - Clause 1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two - Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, (See Note - 3) for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. - - Clause 2: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of - the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into - three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be - vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at - the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the - Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every - second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, - during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive - thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the - Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. (See Note 4) - - Clause 3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to - the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United - States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that - State for which he shall be chosen. - - Clause 4: The Vice President of the United States shall be President - of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. - - Clause 5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a - President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when - he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. - - Clause 6: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all - Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or - Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the - Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without - the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. - - Clause 7: Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further - than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy - any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the - Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to - Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. - - Section. 4. - - Clause 1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for - Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the - Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or - alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. - - Clause 2: The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and - such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, (See Note 5) - unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. - - Section. 5. - - Clause 1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and - Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall - constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn - from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of - absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House - may provide. - - Clause 2: Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, - punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence - of two thirds, expel a Member. - - Clause 3: Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from - time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their - Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of - either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of - those Present, be entered on the Journal. - - Clause 4: Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, - without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, - nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be - sitting. - - Section. 6. - - Clause 1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a - Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid - out of the Treasury of the United States. (See Note 6) They shall in - all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, - beprivileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of - their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; - and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be - questioned in any other Place. - - Clause 2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for - which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the - Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the - Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no - Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member - of either House during his Continuance in Office. - - Section. 7. - - Clause 1: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House - of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with - Amendments as on other Bills. - - Clause 2: Every Bill which shall have passed the House of - Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be - presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he - shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to - that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the - Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If - after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to - pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the - other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if - approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in - all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas - and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill - shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any - Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays - excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be - a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by - their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a - Law. - - Clause 3: Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of - the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a - question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the - United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be - approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two - thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the - Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. - - Section. 8. - - Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, - Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the - common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all - Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United - States; - - Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; - - Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the - several States, and with the Indian Tribes; - - Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform - Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; - - Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign - Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; - - Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the - Securities and current Coin of the United States; - - Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads; - - Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by - securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive - Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; - - Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; - - Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the - high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; - - Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and - make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; - - Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money - to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; - - Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy; - - Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land - and naval Forces; - - Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the - Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; - - Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the - Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the - Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, - the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the - Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; - - Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, - over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession - of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat - of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority - over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the - State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, - Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And - - Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for - carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers - vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or - in any Department or Officer thereof. - - Section. 9. - - Clause 1: The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the - States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be - prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight - hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such - Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. - - Clause 2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be - suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public - Safety may require it. - - Clause 3: No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. - - Clause 4: No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in - Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be - taken. (See Note 7) - - Clause 5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any - State. - - Clause 6: No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce - or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall - Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or - pay Duties in another. - - Clause 7: No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in - Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and - Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be - published from time to time. - - Clause 8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: - And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, - without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, - Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or - foreign State. - - Section. 10. - - Clause 1: No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or - Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit - Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in - Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or - Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of - Nobility. - - Clause 2: No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any - Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely - necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of - all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall - be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws - shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. - - Clause 3: No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any - Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter - into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign - Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent - Danger as will not admit of delay. - -Article. II. - - Section. 1. - - Clause 1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the - United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of - four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same - Term, be elected, as follows - - Clause 2: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature - thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of - Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the - Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an - Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed - an Elector. - - Clause 3: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote - by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an - Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a - List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for - each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to - the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the - President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the - Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the - Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having - the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be - a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be - more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of - Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by - Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, - then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like - Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes - shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having - one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or - Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the - States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice - of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of - the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain - two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by - Ballot the Vice President. (See Note 8) - - Clause 4: The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, - and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be - the same throughout the United States. - - Clause 5: No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the - United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall - be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be - eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of - thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the - United States. - - Clause 6: In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of - his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and - Duties of the said Office, (See Note 9) the Same shall devolve on the - VicePresident, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of - Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and - Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, - and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be - removed, or a President shall be elected. - - Clause 7: The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his - Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor - diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and - he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the - United States, or any of them. - - Clause 8: Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall - take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or - affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the - United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect - and defend the Constitution of the United States." - - Section. 2. - - Clause 1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and - Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, - when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may - require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of - the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of - their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves - and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of - Impeachment. - - Clause 2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of - the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators - present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and - Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public - Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other - Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein - otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the - Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as - they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in - the Heads of Departments. - - Clause 3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that - may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions - which shall expire at the End of their next Session. - - Section. 3. - - He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the - State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures - as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary - Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of - Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he - may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall - receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care - that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the - Officers of the United States. - - Section. 4. - - The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United - States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and - Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and - Misdemeanors. - -Article. III. - - Section. 1. - - The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one - supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from - time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and - inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and - shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, - which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. - - Section. 2. - - Clause 1: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and - Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United - States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their - Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers - and Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to - Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to - Controversies between two or more States;--between a State and - Citizens of another State; (See Note 10)--between Citizens of - different States, --between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands - under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens - thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. - - Clause 2: In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers - and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme - Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before - mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both - as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations - as the Congress shall make. - - Clause 3: The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, - shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the - said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within - any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress - may by Law have directed. - - Section. 3. - - Clause 1: Treason against the United States, shall consist only in - levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them - Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the - Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in - open Court. - - Clause 2: The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of - Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, - or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted. - -Article. IV. - - Section. 1. - - Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, - Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the - Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, - Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. - - Section. 2. - - Clause 1: The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all - Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. - - Clause 2: A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other - Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, - shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he - fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction - of the Crime. - - Clause 3: No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the - Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law - or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but - shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or - Labour may be due. (See Note 11) - - Section. 3. - - Clause 1: New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; - but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of - any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or - more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the - Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. - - Clause 2: The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all - needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other - Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this - Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the - United States, or of any particular State. - - Section. 4. - - The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a - Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against - Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive - (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. - -Article. V. - - The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it - necessary, shall propose [1]Amendments to this Constitution, or, on - the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several - States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in - either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of - this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths - of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as - the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the - Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the - Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect - the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first - Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of - its equal Suffrage in the Senate. - -Article. VI. - - Clause 1: All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before - the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the - United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. - - Clause 2: This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which - shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which - shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the - supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound - thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the - Contrary notwithstanding. - - Clause 3: The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the - Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and - judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several - States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this - Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a - Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. - -Article. VII. - - The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be - sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the - States so ratifying the Same. - - done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the - Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand - seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United - States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto - subscribed our Names, - - GO WASHINGTON--Presidt. and deputy from Virginia - - [Signed also by the deputies of twelve States.] - - Delaware - - Geo: Read - Gunning Bedford jun - John Dickinson - Richard Bassett - Jaco: Broom - - Maryland - - James MCHenry - Dan of ST ThoS. Jenifer - DanL Carroll. - - Virginia - - John Blair-- - James Madison Jr. - - North Carolina - - WM Blount - RichD. Dobbs Spaight. - Hu Williamson - - South Carolina - - J. Rutledge - Charles 1ACotesworth Pinckney - Charles Pinckney - Pierce Butler. - - Georgia - - William Few - Abr Baldwin - - New Hampshire - - John Langdon - Nicholas Gilman - - Massachusetts - - Nathaniel Gorham - Rufus King - - Connecticut - WM. SamL. Johnson - Roger Sherman - - New York - - Alexander Hamilton - - New Jersey - - Wil: Livingston - David Brearley. - WM. Paterson. - Jona: Dayton - - Pennsylvania - - B Franklin - Thomas Mifflin - RobT Morris - Geo. Clymer - ThoS. FitzSimons - Jared Ingersoll - James Wilson. - Gouv Morris - - Attest William Jackson Secretary - - NOTES - - Note 1: This text of the Constitution follows the engrossed copy - signed by Gen. Washington and the deputies from 12 States. The small - superior figures preceding the paragraphs designate Clauses, and were - not in the original and have no reference to footnotes. - - The Constitution was adopted by a convention of the States on - September 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the several - States, on the following dates: Delaware, December 7, 1787; - Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; - Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, - February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, - 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788. - - Ratification was completed on June 21, 1788. - - The Constitution was subsequently ratified by Virginia, June 25, 1788; - New York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode - Island, May 29, 1790; and Vermont, January 10, 1791. - - In May 1785, a committee of Congress made a report recommending an - alteration in the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken - on it, and it was left to the State Legislatures to proceed in the - matter. In January 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed a - resolution providing for the appointment of five commissioners, who, - or any three of them, should meet such commissioners as might be - appointed in the other States of the Union, at a time and place to be - agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade of the United - States; to consider how far a uniform system in their commercial - regulations may be necessary to their common interest and their - permanent harmony; and to report to the several States such an act, - relative to this great object, as, when ratified by them, will enable - the United States in Congress effectually to provide for the same. The - Virginia commissioners, after some correspondence, fixed the first - Monday in September as the time, and the city of Annapolis as the - place for the meeting, but only four other States were represented, - viz: Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; the - commissioners appointed by Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North - Carolina, and Rhode Island failed to attend. Under the circumstances - of so partial a representation, the commissioners present agreed upon - a report, (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New York,) expressing their - unanimous conviction that it might essentially tend to advance the - interests of the Union if the States by which they were respectively - delegated would concur, and use their endeavors to procure the - concurrence of the other States, in the appointment of commissioners - to meet at Philadelphia on the Second Monday of May following, to take - into consideration the situation of the United States; to devise such - further provisions as should appear to them necessary to render the - Constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of - the Union; and to report such an act for that purpose to the United - States in Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them and afterwards - confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, would effectually - provide for the same. - - Congress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a resolution in favor - of a convention, and the Legislatures of those States which had not - already done so (with the exception of Rhode Island) promptly - appointed delegates. On the 25th of May, seven States having convened, - George Washington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President, and - the consideration of the proposed constitution was commenced. On the - 17th of September, 1787, the Constitution as engrossed and agreed upon - was signed by all the members present, except Mr. Gerry of - Massachusetts, and Messrs. Mason and Randolph, of Virginia. The - president of the convention transmitted it to Congress, with a - resolution stating how the proposed Federal Government should be put - in operation, and an explanatory letter. Congress, on the 28th of - September, 1787, directed the Constitution so framed, with the - resolutions and letter concerning the same, to "be transmitted to the - several Legislatures in order to be submitted to a convention of - delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in conformity to - the resolves of the convention." - - On the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed for commencing - the operations of Government under the new Constitution, it had been - ratified by the conventions chosen in each State to consider it, as - follows: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; - New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, - January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, - 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788; - Virginia, June 25, 1788; and New York, July 26, 1788. - - The President informed Congress, on the 28th of January, 1790, that - North Carolina had ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789; and he - informed Congress on the 1st of June, 1790, that Rhode Island had - ratified the Constitution May 29, 1790. Vermont, in convention, - ratified the Constitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of - Congress approved February 18, 1791, "received and admitted into this - Union as a new and entire member of the United States." - - Note 2: The part of this Clause relating to the mode of apportionment - of representatives among the several States has been affected by - Section 2 of amendment XIV, and as to taxes on incomes without - apportionment by amendment XVI. - - Note 3: This Clause has been affected by Clause 1 of amendment XVII. - - Note 4: This Clause has been affected by Clause 2 of amendment XVIII. - - Note 5: This Clause has been affected by amendment XX. - - Note 6: This Clause has been affected by amendment XXVII. - - Note 7: This Clause has been affected by amendment XVI. - - Note 8: This Clause has been superseded by amendment XII. - - Note 9: This Clause has been affected by amendment XXV. - - Note 10: This Clause has been affected by amendment XI. - - Note 11: This Clause has been affected by amendment XIII. - - Note 12: The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United - States (and two others, one of which failed of ratification and the - other which later became the 27th amendment) were proposed to the - legislatures of the several States by the First Congress on September - 25, 1789. The first ten amendments were ratified by the following - States, and the notifications of ratification by the Governors thereof - were successively communicated by the President to Congress: New - Jersey, November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North - Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19, 1790; New - Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; New York, - February 24, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790; Rhode Island, June 7, - 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791; and Virginia, December 15, 1791. - - Ratification was completed on December 15, 1791. - - The amendments were subsequently ratified by the legislatures of - Massachusetts, March 2, 1939; Georgia, March 18, 1939; and - Connecticut, April 19, 1939. - - Note 13: Only the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th articles of amendment had - numbers assigned to them at the time of ratification. - - Note 14: This sentence has been superseded by section 3 of amendment - XX. - - Note 15: See amendment XIX and section 1 of amendment XXVI. - - Note 16: Repealed by section 1 of amendment XXI. - -References - - 1. http://www.house.gov/Constitution/Amend.html |