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package require oo
# Create a class, the usual bank account, with two instance variables:
class Account {
balance 0
name "Unknown"
}
# We have some class methods predefined
# Note we can call (e.g.) either Account.methods or 'Account methods'
puts "---- class Account ----"
puts "Account vars=[Account vars]"
puts "Account methods=[Account methods]"
puts ""
# Create a constructor. This does validation, but it could
# do other things
Account method constructor {} {
if {$balance < 0} {
error "Can't initialise account with a -ve balance"
}
}
# Now flesh out the class with some methods
# Could use 'Account method' here instead
Account method deposit {amount} {
set balance [+ $balance $amount]
}
Account method see {} {
set balance
}
Account method withdraw {amount} {
if {$amount > $balance} {error "Sorry $name, can only withdraw $balance"}
set balance [- $balance $amount]
}
Account method describe {} {
puts "I am object $self of class [$self classname]"
puts "My 'see' method returns [$self see]"
puts "My variables are:"
foreach i [$self vars] {
puts " $i=[set $i]"
}
}
# Now an instance, initialisition some fields
set a [Account new {name "Bob Smith"}]
puts "---- object Account ----"
# We can use class methods on the instance too
puts a.vars=[$a vars]
puts a.classname=[$a classname]
# Now object methods
$a deposit 100
puts "deposit 100 -> [$a see]"
$a withdraw 40
puts "withdraw 40 -> [$a see]"
catch {$a withdraw 1000} res
puts "withdraw 1000 -> $res\n"
# Tell me something about the object
$a describe
puts ""
# Now create a new subclass
# Could change the initial balance here too
class CreditAccount Account {
limit -1000
}
CreditAccount method constructor {} {
# Dummy constructor
# If desired, manually invoke the baseclass constructor
super constructor
}
# Override the 'withdraw' method to allow overdrawing
CreditAccount method withdraw {amount} {
if {$balance - $amount < $limit} {error "Sorry $name, that would exceed your credit limit of [expr -$limit]"}
set balance [- $balance $amount]
}
# Override the 'describe' method, but invoke the baseclass method first
CreditAccount method describe {} {
# First invoke the base class 'describe'
super describe
if {$balance < 0} {
puts "*** Account is in debit"
}
}
puts "---- class CreditAccount ----"
puts "CreditAccount vars=[CreditAccount vars]"
puts "CreditAccount methods=[CreditAccount methods]"
puts ""
puts "---- object CreditAccount ----"
set b [CreditAccount new {name "John White"}]
puts b.vars=[$b vars]
puts b.classname=[$b classname]
puts "initial balance -> [$b see]"
$b deposit 100
puts "deposit 100 -> [$b see]"
$b withdraw 40
puts "withdraw 40 -> [$b see]"
$b withdraw 1000
puts "withdraw 1000 -> [$b see]"
puts ""
# Tell me something about the object
$b describe
puts ""
# 'eval' is similar to 'dict with' for an object, except it operates
# in it's own scope. A list of variables can be imported into the object scope.
# It is useful for ad-hoc operations for which it is not worth defining a method.
set total 0
$a eval total { incr total $balance }
incr total [$b get balance]
puts "Total of accounts [$a get name] and [$b eval {return "$name (Credit Limit: $limit)"}] is: $total"
# Can we find all objects in the system?
# Almost. We can't really distinguish those which aren't real classes.
# This will get all references which aren't simple lambdas.
puts "---- All objects ----"
Account new {name "Terry Green" balance 20}
set x [Account]
lambda {} {dummy}
ref blah blah
foreach r [info references] {
if {[getref $r] ne {}} {
try {
$r eval {
puts [format "Found %14s: Owner: %14s, Balance: %+5d, in object %s" [$self classname] $name $balance $self]
}
} on error msg {
puts "Not an object: $r"
}
}
}
unset r
# And goodbye
$a destroy
# Let the garbage collection take care of this one
unset b
collect
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