# # Copyright (c) 2011 Marius Popa # Copyright (c) 2011 Damyan Ivanov # Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Edwin Pratomo # # You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public # License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file require 5.008001; package DBD::Firebird; use strict; use warnings; use Carp; use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK $AUTOLOAD); use DBI 1.41 (); require Exporter; require DynaLoader; @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader); $VERSION = '1.33'; bootstrap DBD::Firebird $VERSION; use vars qw($VERSION $err $errstr $drh); $err = 0; $errstr = ""; $drh = undef; sub CLONE { $drh = undef; } sub driver { return $drh if $drh; my($class, $attr) = @_; $class .= "::dr"; $drh = DBI::_new_drh($class, {'Name' => 'Firebird', 'Version' => $VERSION, 'Err' => \$DBD::Firebird::err, 'Errstr' => \$DBD::Firebird::errstr, 'Attribution' => 'DBD::Firebird by Edwin Pratomo and Daniel Ritz'}); $drh; } # taken from JWIED's DBD::mysql, with slight modification sub _OdbcParse($$$) { my($class, $dsn, $hash, $args) = @_; my($var, $val); if (!defined($dsn)) { return; } while (length($dsn)) { if ($dsn =~ /([^;]*)[;]\r?\n?(.*)/s) { $val = $1; $dsn = $2; } else { $val = $dsn; $dsn = ''; } if ($val =~ /([^=]*)=(.*)/) { $var = $1; $val = $2; if ($var eq 'hostname') { $hash->{'host'} = $val; } elsif ($var eq 'db' || $var eq 'dbname') { $hash->{'database'} = $val; } else { $hash->{$var} = $val; } } else { foreach $var (@$args) { if (!defined($hash->{$var})) { $hash->{$var} = $val; last; } } } } $hash->{host} = "$hash->{host}/$hash->{port}" if ($hash->{host} && $hash->{port}); $hash->{database} = "$hash->{host}:$hash->{database}" if $hash->{host}; } sub create_database { my ( $self, $params ) = ( shift, shift ); $self and $params and ref($params) and ref($params) eq 'HASH' and not @_ or croak 'Usage: ' . __PACKAGE__ . '->create_database( { params...} )'; exists $params->{db_path} and defined( $params->{db_path} ) or croak "Required parameter 'db_path' not supplied"; for( qw(db_path user password character_set) ) { next unless exists $params->{$_}; $params->{$_} =~ s/'/''/g if defined($params->{$_}); } DBD::Firebird::db::_create_database($params); } sub gfix { my ( $self, $params ) = ( shift, shift ); $self and $params and ref($params) and ref($params) eq 'HASH' and not @_ or croak 'Usage: ' . __PACKAGE__ . '->gfix( { params...} )'; DBD::Firebird::db::_gfix($params); } package DBD::Firebird::dr; sub connect { my($drh, $dsn, $dbuser, $dbpasswd, $attr) = @_; $dbuser ||= $ENV{ISC_USER}; #"SYSDBA"; $dbpasswd ||= $ENV{ISC_PASSWORD}; #"masterkey"; my ($this, $private_attr_hash); $private_attr_hash = { 'Name' => $dsn, 'user' => $dbuser, 'password' => $dbpasswd }; DBD::Firebird->_OdbcParse($dsn, $private_attr_hash, ['database', 'host', 'port', 'ib_role', 'ib_dbkey_scope', 'ib_charset', 'ib_dialect', 'ib_cache', 'ib_lc_time']); $private_attr_hash->{database} ||= $ENV{ISC_DATABASE}; #"employee.fdb" my ($dbh_name) = ($dsn =~ /(db=[^;]+)/); $dbh_name ||= "db=$private_attr_hash->{database}"; my $dbh = DBI::_new_dbh($drh, { Name => $dbh_name }, $private_attr_hash); DBD::Firebird::db::_login($dbh, $dsn, $dbuser, $dbpasswd, $attr) or return undef; $dbh; } package DBD::Firebird::db; use strict; use Carp; sub do { my($dbh, $statement, $attr, @params) = @_; my $rows; if (@params) { my $sth = $dbh->prepare($statement, $attr) or return undef; defined($sth->execute(@params)) or return undef; $rows = $sth->rows; } else { $rows = DBD::Firebird::db::_do($dbh, $statement, $attr); return undef unless defined($rows); } ($rows == 0) ? "0E0" : $rows; } sub prepare { my ($dbh, $statement, $attribs) = @_; my $sth = DBI::_new_sth($dbh, {'Statement' => $statement }); DBD::Firebird::st::_prepare($sth, $statement, $attribs) or return undef; $sth; } sub primary_key_info { my ($dbh, undef, undef, $tbl) = @_; my $sth = $dbh->prepare(<<'__eosql'); SELECT CAST(NULL AS CHAR(1)) AS TABLE_CAT, CAST(NULL AS CHAR(1)) AS TABLE_SCHEM, rc.rdb$relation_name AS TABLE_NAME, ix.rdb$field_name AS COLUMN_NAME, ix.rdb$field_position + 1 AS KEY_SEQ, rc.rdb$index_name AS PK_NAME FROM rdb$relation_constraints rc INNER JOIN rdb$index_segments ix ON rc.rdb$index_name = ix.rdb$index_name WHERE rc.rdb$relation_name = ? AND rc.rdb$constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY' ORDER BY 1, 2, 3, 5 __eosql if ($sth) { $sth->{ChopBlanks} = 1; return unless $sth->execute($tbl); } $sth; } sub table_info { my ($self, $cat, $schem, $name, $type, $attr) = @_; require DBD::Firebird::TableInfo; my $ti = ($self->{private_table_info} ||= DBD::Firebird::TableInfo->factory($self)); no warnings 'uninitialized'; if ($cat eq '%' and $schem eq '' and $name eq '') { return $ti->list_catalogs($self); } elsif ($cat eq '' and $schem eq '%' and $name eq '') { return $ti->list_schema($self); } elsif ($cat eq '' and $schem eq '' and $name eq '' and $type eq '%') { return $ti->list_types($self); } else { my %seen; $type = '' if $type eq '%'; # normalize $type specifiers: upcase, strip quote and uniqify my @types = grep { length and not $seen{$_}++ } map { s/'//g; s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; uc } split(',' => $type); return $ti->list_tables($self, $name, @types); } } sub ping { my($dbh) = @_; local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub { } if $dbh->{PrintError}; local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 0 if $dbh->{RaiseError}; my $ret = DBD::Firebird::db::_ping($dbh); return $ret; } # The get_info function was automatically generated by # DBI::DBD::Metadata::write_getinfo_pm v1.05. sub get_info { my($dbh, $info_type) = @_; require DBD::Firebird::GetInfo; my $v = $DBD::Firebird::GetInfo::info{int($info_type)}; $v = $v->($dbh) if ref $v eq 'CODE'; return $v; } # The type_info_all function was automatically generated by # DBI::DBD::Metadata::write_typeinfo_pm v1.05. sub type_info_all { my ($dbh) = @_; require DBD::Firebird::TypeInfo; return [ @$DBD::Firebird::TypeInfo::type_info_all ]; } 1; package DBD::Firebird::st; # taken from DBI.pm, with this only change: # - remove the call to bind_param without value when $attr is set # * it fails when the column can't contain NULLs # * it is not necessary anyway, as we allocate param placeholder # structures according to Firebird's ananysis of the SQL, not # according to the datatype the supplied in $attr sub bind_param_array { my $sth = shift; my ($p_id, $value_array, $attr) = @_; return $sth->set_err($DBI::stderr, "Value for parameter $p_id must be a scalar or an arrayref, not a ".ref($value_array)) if defined $value_array and ref $value_array and ref $value_array ne 'ARRAY'; return $sth->set_err($DBI::stderr, "Can't use named placeholder '$p_id' for non-driver supported bind_param_array") unless DBI::looks_like_number($p_id); # because we rely on execute(@ary) here return $sth->set_err($DBI::stderr, "Placeholder '$p_id' is out of range") if $p_id <= 0; # can't easily/reliably test for too big # get/create arrayref to hold params my $hash_of_arrays = $sth->{ParamArrays} ||= { }; $$hash_of_arrays{$p_id} = $value_array; 1; } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME DBD::Firebird - DBI driver for Firebird RDBMS server =head1 SYNOPSIS use DBI; $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Firebird:db=$dbname", $user, $password); # See the DBI module documentation for full details =head1 DESCRIPTION DBD::Firebird is a Perl module which works with the DBI module to provide access to Firebird databases. =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION This documentation describes driver specific behavior and restrictions. It is not supposed to be used as the only reference for the user. In any case consult the DBI documentation first ! =head1 THE DBI CLASS =head2 DBI Class Methods =over 4 =item B To connect to a database with a minimum of parameters, use the following syntax: $dbh = DBI->connect("dbi:Firebird:dbname=$dbname", $user, $password); If omitted, C<$user> defaults to the ISC_USER environment variable (or, failing that, the DBI-standard DBI_USER environment variable). Similarly, C<$password> defaults to ISC_PASSWORD (or DBI_PASS). If C<$dbname> is blank, that is, I<"dbi:Firebird:dbname=">, the environment variable ISC_DATABASE is substituted. The DSN may take several optional parameters, which may be split over multiple lines. Here is an example of connect statement which uses all possible parameters: $dsn =<< "DSN"; dbi:Firebird:dbname=$dbname; host=$host; port=$port; ib_dialect=$dialect; ib_role=$role; ib_charset=$charset; ib_cache=$cache; timeout=$timeout DSN $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $username, $password); The C<$dsn> is prefixed by 'dbi:Firebird:', and consists of key-value parameters separated by B. New line may be added after the semicolon. The following is the list of valid parameters and their respective meanings: parameter meaning optional? ----------------------------------------------------------------- database path to the database required dbname path to the database db path to the database hostname hostname / IP address optional host hostname / IP address port port number optional timeout connect timeout in seconds optional ib_dialect the SQL dialect to be used optional ib_role the role of the user optional ib_charset character set to be used optional ib_cache number of database cache buffers optional ib_dbkey_scope change default duration of RDB$DB_KEY optional B could be used interchangebly with B and B. To connect to a remote host, use the B parameter. Here is an example of DSN to connect to a remote Windows host: $dsn = "dbi:Firebird:db=C:/temp/test.gdb;host=example.com;ib_dialect=3"; Database file alias can be used too in connection string. In the following example, "billing" is defined in aliases.conf: $dsn = 'dbi:Firebird:hostname=192.168.88.5;db=billing;ib_dialect=3'; Firebird as of version 1.0 listens on port specified within the services file. To connect to port other than the default 3050, add the port number at the end of host name, separated by a slash. Example: $dsn = 'dbi:Firebird:db=/data/test.gdb;host=localhost/3060'; Firebird 1.0 introduces B to provide backward compatibility with databases created by older versions of Firebird (pre 1.0). In short, SQL dialect controls how Firebird interprets: - double quotes - the DATE datatype - decimal and numeric datatypes - new 1.0 reserved keywords Valid values for B are 1 and 3 .The driver's default value is 3 (Currently it is possible to create databases in Dialect 1 and 3 only, however it is recommended that you use Dialect 3 exclusively, since Dialect 1 will eventually be deprecated. Dialect 2 cannot be used to create a database since it only serves to convert Dialect 1 to Dialect 3). http://www.firebirdsql.org/file/documentation/reference_manuals/user_manuals/html/isql-dialects.html B specifies the role of the connecting user. B is implemented by Firebird to make database administration easier when dealing with lots of users. A detailed reading can be found at: http://www.ibphoenix.com/resources/documents/general/doc_59 If B is not specified, the default database's cache size value will be used. The Firebird Operation Guide discusses in full length the importance of this parameter to gain the best performance. =item B @driver_names = DBI->available_drivers; Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B This method is not yet implemented. =item B DBI->trace($trace_level, $trace_file) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =back =head2 DBI Dynamic Attributes See Common Methods. =head1 METHODS COMMON TO ALL DBI HANDLES =over 4 =item B $rv = $h->err; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $str = $h->errstr; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B This method is not yet implemented. =item B $h->trace($trace_level, $trace_filename); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $h->trace_msg($message_text); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B See B section for information about invoking C from func() method. =back =head1 ATTRIBUTES COMMON TO ALL DBI HANDLES =over 4 =item B (boolean, inherited) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (boolean, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. A database handle is active while it is connected and statement handle is active until it is finished. =item B (integer, read-only) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (integer, read-only) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (hash ref) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (boolean, inherited) Not used by this driver. =item B (boolean) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (boolean, inherited) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (boolean, inherited) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (boolean, inherited) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (integer, inherited) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI.The default value is 80 bytes. =item B (boolean, inherited) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (boolean, inherited) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =back =head1 DATABASE HANDLE OBJECTS =head2 Database Handle Methods =over 4 =item B @row_ary = $dbh->selectrow_array($statement, \%attr, @bind_values); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $ary_ref = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($statement, \%attr, @bind_values); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $ary_ref = $dbh->selectcol_arrayref($statement, \%attr, @bind_values); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $sth = $dbh->prepare($statement, \%attr); Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. When AutoCommit is On, this method implicitly starts a new transaction, which will be automatically committed after the following execute() or the last fetch(), depending on the statement type. For select statements, commit automatically takes place after the last fetch(), or by explicitly calling finish() method if there are any rows remaining. For non-select statements, execute() will implicitly commits the transaction. =item B $sth = $dbh->prepare_cached($statement, \%attr); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $rv = $dbh->do($statement, \%attr, @bind_values); Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. This should be used for non-select statements, where the driver doesn't take the conservative prepare - execute steps, thereby speeding up the execution time. But if this method is used with bind values, the speed advantage diminishes as this method calls prepare() for binding the placeholders. Instead of calling this method repeatedly with bind values, it would be better to call prepare() once, and execute() many times. See the notes for the execute method elsewhere in this document. Unlike the execute method, currently this method doesn't return the number of affected rows. =item B $rc = $dbh->commit; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. See also the notes about B elsewhere in this document. =item B $rc = $dbh->rollback; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. See also the notes about B elsewhere in this document. =item B $rc = $dbh->disconnect; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $rc = $dbh->ping; This driver supports the ping-method, which can be used to check the validity of a database-handle. This is especially required by C. =item B $sth = $dbh->primary_key_info('', '', $table_name); @pks = $dbh->primary_key('', '', $table_name); Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. Note that catalog and schema are ignored. =item B $sth = $dbh->table_info; All Firebird versions support the basic DBI-specified columns (TABLE_NAME, TABLE_TYPE, etc.) as well as C. Peculiar versions may return additional fields, prefixed by C. Table searching may not work as expected on older Interbase/Firebird engines which do not natively offer a TRIM() function. Some engines store TABLE_NAME in a blank-padded CHAR field, and a search for table name is performed via a SQL C predicate, which is sensitive to blanks. That is: $dbh->table_info('', '', 'FOO'); # May not find table "FOO", depending on # FB version $dbh->table_info('', '', 'FOO%'); # Will always find "FOO", but also tables # "FOOD", "FOOT", etc. Future versions of DBD::Firebird may attempt to work around this irritating limitation, at the expense of efficiency. Note that Firebird implementations do not presently support the DBI concepts of 'catalog' and 'schema', so these parameters are effectively ignored. =item B @names = $dbh->tables; Returns a list of tables, excluding any 'SYSTEM TABLE' types. =item B $type_info_all = $dbh->type_info_all; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. For further details concerning the Firebird specific data-types please read the Firebird Data Definition Guide http://www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals/ =item B @type_info = $dbh->type_info($data_type); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $sql = $dbh->quote($value, $data_type); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =back =head2 Database Handle Attributes =over 4 =item B (boolean) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. According to the classification of DBI, Firebird is a database, in which a transaction must be explicitly started. Without starting a transaction, every change to the database becomes immediately permanent. The default of AutoCommit is on, which corresponds to the DBI's default. When setting AutoCommit to off, a transaction will be started and every commit or rollback will automatically start a new transaction. For details see the notes about B elsewhere in this document. =item B (handle) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (string, read-only) Not yet implemented. =item B (integer) Implemented by DBI, not used by the driver. =item B (driver-specific, boolean) Set this attribute to TRUE to use Firebird's soft commit feature (default to FALSE). Soft commit retains the internal transaction handle when committing a transaction, while the default commit behavior always closes and invalidates the transaction handle. Since the transaction handle is still open, there is no need to start a new transaction upon every commit, so applications can gain performance improvement. Using soft commit is also desirable when dealing with nested statement handles under AutoCommit on. Switching the attribute's value from TRUE to FALSE will force hard commit thus closing the current transaction. =item B (driver-specific, boolean) Setting this attribute to TRUE will cause any Perl Unicode strings supplied as statement parameters to be downgraded to octet sequences before passing them to Firebird. Also, any character data retrieved from the database (CHAR, VARCHAR, BLOB sub_type TEXT) will be upgraded to Perl Unicode strings. B: Currently this is supported only if the B DSN parameter is C. In the future, encoding and decoding to/from arbitrary character set may be implemented. Example: $dbh = DBI->connect( 'dbi:Firebird:db=database.fdb;ib_charset=UTF8', { ib_enable_utf8 => 1 } ); =back =head1 STATEMENT HANDLE OBJECTS =head2 Statement Handle Methods =over 4 =item B Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. The SQL data type passed as the third argument is ignored. =item B Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. The attributes, supplied in the optional third parameter are ignored. =item B Not supported by this driver. =item B $rv = $sth->execute(@bind_values); Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $ary_ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B @ary = $sth->fetchrow_array; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $hash_ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $tbl_ary_ref = $sth->fetchall_arrayref; Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B $rc = $sth->finish; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $rv = $sth->rows; Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. It returns the number of B rows for select statements, otherwise it returns -1 (unknown number of affected rows). =item B $rc = $sth->bind_col($column_number, \$var_to_bind, \%attr); Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $rc = $sth->bind_columns(\%attr, @list_of_refs_to_vars_to_bind); Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B $rows = $sth->dump_results($maxlen, $lsep, $fsep, $fh); Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =back =head2 Statement Handle Attributes =over 4 =item B (integer, read-only) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (integer, read-only) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Implemented by DBI, no driver-specific impact. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI, with the restriction, that the types are Firebird specific data-types which do not correspond to international standards. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (array-ref, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (string, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (string, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =item B (integer, read-only) Not supported by the driver. =item B (hashref, read-only) Supported by the driver as proposed by DBI. =back =head1 TRANSACTION SUPPORT The transaction behavior is controlled with the attribute AutoCommit. For a complete definition of AutoCommit please refer to the DBI documentation. According to the DBI specification the default for AutoCommit is TRUE. In this mode, any change to the database becomes valid immediately. Any commit() or rollback() will be rejected. If AutoCommit is switched-off, immediately a transaction will be started. A rollback() will rollback and close the active transaction, then implicitly start a new transaction. A disconnect will issue a rollback. Firebird provides fine control over transaction behavior, where users can specify the access mode, the isolation level, the lock resolution, and the table reservation (for a specified table). For this purpose, C database handle method is available. Upon a successful C, these default parameter values will be used for every SQL operation: Access mode: read_write Isolation level: snapshot Lock resolution: wait Any of the above value can be changed using C. =over 4 =item B $dbh->func( -access_mode => 'read_write', -isolation_level => 'read_committed', -lock_resolution => 'wait', 'ib_set_tx_param' ); Valid value for C<-access_mode> is C, or C. Valid value for C<-lock_resolution> is C, or C. In Firebird 2.0, a timeout value for wait is introduced. This can be specified using hash ref as lock_resolution value: $dbh->func( -lock_resolution => { wait => 5 }, # wait for 5 seconds 'ib_set_tx_param' ); C<-isolation_level> may be: C, C, C. If C is to be used with C or C, then they should be inside an anonymous array: $dbh->func( -isolation_level => ['read_committed', 'record_version'], 'ib_set_tx_param' ); Table reservation is supported since C. Names of the tables to reserve as well as their reservation params/values are specified inside a hashref, which is then passed as the value of C<-reserving>. The following example reserves C with C lock and C with C lock and C access: $dbh->func( -access_mode => 'read_write', -isolation_level => 'read_committed', -lock_resolution => 'wait', -reserving => { foo_table => { lock => 'read', }, bar_table => { lock => 'read', access => 'protected', }, }, 'ib_set_tx_param' ); Possible table reservation parameters are: =over 4 =item C (optional) Valid values are C or C. =item C (required) Valid values are C or C. =back Under C mode, invoking this method doesn't only change the transaction parameters (as with C off), but also commits the current transaction. The new transaction parameters will be used in any newly started transaction. C can also be invoked with no parameter in which it resets transaction parameters to the default value. =back =head1 DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP FORMATTING SUPPORT C supports various formats for query results of DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP types. By default, it uses "%c" for TIMESTAMP, "%x" for DATE, and "%X" for TIME, and pass them to ANSI C's strftime() function to format your query results. These values are respectively stored in ib_timestampformat, ib_dateformat, and ib_timeformat attributes, and may be changed in two ways: =over =item * At $dbh level This replaces the default values. Example: $dbh->{ib_timestampformat} = '%m-%d-%Y %H:%M'; $dbh->{ib_dateformat} = '%m-%d-%Y'; $dbh->{ib_timeformat} = '%H:%M'; =item * At $sth level This overrides the default values only for the currently prepared statement. Example: $attr = { ib_timestampformat => '%m-%d-%Y %H:%M', ib_dateformat => '%m-%d-%Y', ib_timeformat => '%H:%M', }; # then, pass it to prepare() method. $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql, $attr); =back Since locale settings affect the result of strftime(), if your application is designed to be portable across different locales, you may consider using these two special formats: 'TM' and 'ISO'. C returns a 9-element list, much like Perl's localtime(). The C format applies sprintf()'s pattern "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d.%04d" for TIMESTAMP, "%04d-%02d-%02d" for DATE, and "%02d:%02d:%02d.%04d" for TIME. C<$dbh-E{ib_time_all}> can be used to specify all of the three formats at once. Example: $dbh->{ib_time_all} = 'TM'; =head1 EVENT ALERT SUPPORT Event alerter is used to notify client applications whenever something is happened on the database. For this to work, a trigger should be created, which then calls POST_EVENT to post the event notification to the interested client. A client could behave in two ways: wait for the event synchronously, or register a callback which will be invoked asynchronously each time a posted event received. =over =item C $evh = $dbh->func(@event_names, 'ib_init_event'); Creates an event handle from a list of event names. =item C $dbh->func($evh, 'ib_wait_event'); Wait synchronously for particular events registered via event handle $evh. Returns a hashref containing pair(s) of posted event's name and its corresponding count, or undef on failure. =item C my $cb = sub { my $posted_events = $_[0]; ++$::COUNT < 6 }; $dbh->func($evh, $cb, 'ib_register_callback'); sub inc_count { my $posted_events = shift; ++$::COUNT < 6 }; $dbh->func($evh, \&inc_count, 'ib_register_callback'); # or anonyomus subroutine $dbh->func( $evh, sub { my ($pe) = @_; ++$::COUNT < 6 }, 'ib_register_callback' ); Associates an event handle with an asynchronous callback. A callback will be passed a hashref as its argument, this hashref contains pair(s) of posted event's name and its corresponding count. It is safe to call C multiple times for the same event handle. In this case, the previously registered callback will be automatically cancelled. If the callback returns FALSE, the registered callback will be no longer invoked, but internally it is still there until the event handle goes out of scope (or undef-ed), or you call C to actually disassociate it from the event handle. =item C $dbh->func($evh, 'ib_cancel_callback'); Unregister a callback from an event handle. This function has a limitation, however, that it can't be called from inside a callback. In many cases, you won't need this function, since when an event handle goes out of scope, its associated callback(s) will be automatically cancelled before it is cleaned up. =back =head1 RETRIEVING FIREBIRD / INTERBASE SPECIFIC INFORMATION =over =item C $hash_ref = $dbh->func('ib_tx_info'); Retrieve information about current active transaction. =item C $hash_ref = $dbh->func(@info, 'ib_database_info'); $hash_ref = $dbh->func([@info], 'ib_database_info'); Retrieve database information from current connection. =item C $plan = $sth->func('ib_plan'); Retrieve query plan from a prepared SQL statement. my $sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM foo'); print $sth->func('ib_plan'); # PLAN (FOO NATURAL) =item C $result = $dbh->func('ib_drop_database'); Drops the database, associated with the connection. The database handle is no longer valid after calling this function. Caution is advised as the drop is irrevocable. =back =head1 UNSUPPORTED SQL STATEMENTS Here is a list of SQL statements which can't be used. But this shouldn't be a problem, because their functionality are already provided by the DBI methods. =over 4 =item * SET TRANSACTION Use C<$dbh->func(..., 'set_tx_param')> instead. =item * DESCRIBE Provides information about columns that are retrieved by a DSQL statement, or about placeholders in a statement. This functionality is supported by the driver, and transparent for users. Column names are available via $sth->{NAME} attributes. =item * EXECUTE IMMEDIATE Calling do() method without bind value(s) will do the same. =item * CLOSE, OPEN, DECLARE CURSOR $sth->{CursorName} is automagically available upon executing a "SELECT .. FOR UPDATE" statement. A cursor is closed after the last fetch(), or by calling $sth->finish(). =item * PREPARE, EXECUTE, FETCH Similar functionalities are obtained by using prepare(), execute(), and fetch() methods. =back =head1 COMPATIBILITY WITH DBIx::* MODULES C is known to work with C 0.21, and C 0.87. Yuri Vasiliev > reported successful usage with Apache::AuthDBI (part of C 0.87 distribution). The driver is untested with C. Doesn't work with C. C calls $dbh->prepare("LISTFIELDS $table_name") on which Firebird fails to parse. I think that the call should be made within an eval block. =head1 SERVICE METHODS =head2 DBD::Firebird->create_database( { params... } ) A class method for creating empty databases. The method croaks on error. Params may be: =over =item db_path (string, required) Path to database, including host name if necessary. Examples: =over =item server:/path/to/db.fdb =item /srv/db/base.fdb =back =item user (string, optional) User name to be used for the request. =item password (string, optional) Password to be used for the request. =item page_size (integer, optional) Page size of the newly created database. Should be something supported by the server. Firebird 2.5 supports the following page sizes: 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192 and 16384 and defaults to 4096. =item character_set (string, optional) The default character set of the database. Firebird 2.5 defaults to C. =item dialect (integer, optional) The dialect of the database. Defaults to 3. =back After creation, the new database can be used after connecting to it with the usual DBI->connect(...) =head2 DBD::Firebird->gfix( { params } ) A class method for simulating a subset of the functionality of the Firebird's L utility. Params is a hash reference, with the following keys: =over =item db_path (string, required) The path to the database to connect to. Should include host name if necessary. =item user (string, optional) User name to connect as. Must be SYSDBA or database owner. =item password (string, optional) Password to be used for the connection. Note that user and password are not needed for embedded connections. =item forced_writes (boolean, optional) If given, sets the forced writes flag of the database, causing Firebird to use synchronous writes when working with that database. =item buffers (integer, optional) If given, sets the default number of buffers for the database. Can be overridden on connect time. Note that buffers are measured in database pages, not bytes. =back =head1 FAQ =head2 Why do some operations performing positioned update and delete fail when AutoCommit is on? For example, the following code snippet fails: $sth = $dbh->prepare( "SELECT * FROM ORDERS WHERE user_id < 5 FOR UPDATE OF comment"); $sth->execute; while (@res = $sth->fetchrow_array) { $dbh->do("UPDATE ORDERS SET comment = 'Wonderful' WHERE CURRENT OF $sth->{CursorName}"); } When B, a transaction is started within prepare(), and committed automatically after the last fetch(), or within finish(). Within do(), a transaction is started right before the statement is executed, and gets committed right after the statement is executed. The transaction handle is stored within the database handle. The driver is smart enough not to override an active transaction handle with a new one. So, if you notice the snippet above, after the first fetchrow_array(), the do() is still using the same transaction context, but as soon as it has finished executing the statement, it B the transaction, whereas the next fetchrow_array() still needs the transaction context! So the secret to make this work is B. This can be done in two ways: =over 4 =item * Using AutoCommit = 0 If yours is default to AutoCommit on, you can put the snippet within a block: { $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0; # same actions like above .... $dbh->commit; } =item * Using $dbh->{ib_softcommit} = 1 This is a driver-specific attribute,You may want to look at t/70-nested-sth.t to see it in action. =back =head2 Why do nested statement handles break under AutoCommit mode? The same explanation as above applies. The workaround is also much alike: { $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0; $sth1 = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table"); $sth2 = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table WHERE id = ?"); $sth1->execute; while ($row = $sth1->fetchrow_arrayref) { $sth2->execute($row->[0]); $res = $sth2->fetchall_arrayref; } $dbh->commit; } You may also use $dbh->{ib_softcommit} please check t/70nested-sth.t for an example on how to use it. =head2 Why do placeholders fail to bind, generating unknown datatype error message? You can't bind a field name. The following example will fail: $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT (?) FROM $table"); $sth->execute('user_id'); There are cases where placeholders can't be used in conjunction with COLLATE clause, such as this: SELECT * FROM $table WHERE UPPER(author) LIKE UPPER(? COLLATE FR_CA); This deals with the Firebird's SQL parser, not with C. The driver just passes SQL statements through the engine. =head2 How to do automatic increment for a specific field? Create a sequence and a trigger to associate it with the field. The following example creates a sequence named PROD_ID_SEQ, and a trigger for table ORDERS which uses the generator to perform auto increment on field PRODUCE_ID with increment size of 1. $dbh->do("create sequence PROD_ID_SEQ"); $dbh->do( "CREATE TRIGGER INC_PROD_ID FOR ORDERS BEFORE INSERT POSITION 0 AS BEGIN NEW.PRODUCE_ID = NEXT VALUE FOR PROD_ID_SEQ; END"); From Firebird 3.0 there is Identity support =head2 How can I perform LIMIT clause as I usually do in MySQL? C clause let users to fetch only a portion rather than the whole records as the result of a query. This is particularly efficient and useful for paging feature on web pages, where users can navigate back and forth between pages. Using Firebird 2.5.x this can be implemented by using C . http://www.firebirdsql.org/refdocs/langrefupd21-select.html#langrefupd21-select-rows For example, to display a portion of table employee within your application: # fetch record 1 - 5: $res = $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SELECT * FROM employee rows 1 to 5)"); # fetch record 6 - 10: $res = $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SELECT * FROM employee rows 6 to 10)"); =head2 How can I use the date/time formatting attributes? Those attributes take the same format as the C function strftime()'s. Examples: $attr = { ib_timestampformat => '%m-%d-%Y %H:%M', ib_dateformat => '%m-%d-%Y', ib_timeformat => '%H:%M', }; Then, pass it to prepare() method. $sth = $dbh->prepare($stmt, $attr); # followed by execute() and fetch(), or: $res = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($stmt, $attr); =head2 Can I set the date/time formatting attributes between prepare and fetch? No. C, C, and C can only be set during $sth->prepare. If this is a problem to you, let me know, and probably I'll add this capability for the next release. =head2 Can I change ib_dialect after DBI->connect ? No. If this is a problem to you, let me know, and probably I'll add this capability for the next release. =head1 OBSOLETE FEATURES =over =item Private Method C is obsoleted by C. =back =head1 TESTED PLATFORMS =head2 Clients =over 4 =item Linux =item FreeBSD =item Solaris =item Win32 =back =head2 Servers =over 4 =item Firebird 2.5.x SS , SC and Classic for Linux (32 bits and 64) =item Firebird 2.5.x for Windows, FreeBSD, Solaris =back =head1 AUTHORS =over 4 =item * DBI by Tim Bunce =item * DBD::Firebird by Edwin Pratomo , Daniel Ritz and many others. See L. This module is originally based on the work of Bill Karwin's IBPerl. =back =head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS Please report bugs and feature suggestions using http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=DBD-Firebird . This module doesn't work with MSWin32 ActivePerl iThreads, and its emulated fork. Tested with MSWin32 ActivePerl build 809 (Perl 5.8.3). The whole process will block in unpredictable manner. Under Linux, this module has been tested with several different iThreads enabled Perl releases. No problem occurred so far.. until you try to share a DBI handle ;-) But if you plan to use thread, you'd better use the latest stable version of Perl On FreeBSD you need a Perl compiled with thread support. Limitations: =over 4 =item * Arrays are not (yet) supported =item * Read/Write BLOB fields block by block not (yet) supported. The maximum size of a BLOB read/write is hardcoded to about 1 MB. =item * service manager API is not supported. =back =head1 SEE ALSO DBI(3). =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE =over =item Copyright (c) 2010- 2012 Popa Adrian Marius =item Copyright (c) 2011- 2012 Stefan Suciu =item Copyright (c) 2011, 2017 Damyan Ivanov =item Copyright (c) 2011 Alexandr Ciornii =item Copyright (c) 2010, 2011 Mike Pomraning =item Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Edwin Pratomo =item Portions Copyright (c) 2001-2005 Daniel Ritz =back The DBD::Firebird module is free software. You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file. =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS An attempt to enumerate all who have contributed patches (may misses some): Michael Moehle, Igor Klingen, Sergey Skvortsov, Ilya Verlinsky, Pavel Zheltouhov, Peter Wilkinson, Mark D. Anderson, Michael Samanov, Michael Arnett, Flemming Frandsen, Mike Shoyher, Christiaan Lademann. =cut