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| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/orgmanual.org | 19743 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ob-core.el | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ob-js.el | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ob-tangle.el | 173 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-agenda.el | 509 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-archive.el | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-capture.el | 32 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-clock.el | 144 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-colview.el | 72 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-element.el | 52 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-list.el | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-loaddefs.el | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-pcomplete.el | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-src.el | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-table.el | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org-version.el | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/org.el | 553 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-beamer.el | 50 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-html.el | 37 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-icalendar.el | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-latex.el | 101 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-man.el | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-odt.el | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-publish.el | 70 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox-texinfo.el | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lisp/ox.el | 125 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mk/version.mk | 4 |
27 files changed, 1051 insertions, 20706 deletions
diff --git a/contrib/orgmanual.org b/contrib/orgmanual.org deleted file mode 100644 index 8b8ae1e..0000000 --- a/contrib/orgmanual.org +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19743 +0,0 @@ -#+TITLE: Org Mode -#+AUTHOR: Carsten Dominik -#+EMAIL: tsd@tsdye.com -#+DATE: {{{modification-time}}} -#+SUBTITLE: Release {{{version}}} -#+SUBAUTHOR: with contributions by David O'Toole, Bastien Guerry, Philip Rooke, Dan Davison, Eric Schulte, Thomas Dye and Jambunathan K. - -#+LANGUAGE: en -#+OPTIONS: H:4 num:t toc:t \n:nil ::t |:t ^:nil -:t f:t *:t <:t -#+OPTIONS: d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc -#+SELECT_TAGS: export -#+EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport - -#+TEXINFO_DIR_CATEGORY: Emacs editing modes -#+TEXINFO_DIR_TITLE: Org Mode: (org) -#+TEXINFO_DIR_DESC: Outline-based notes management and organizer - -# Use proper quote and backtick for code sections in PDF output -# Cf. Texinfo manual 14.2 -#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @set txicodequoteundirected -#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @set txicodequotebacktick - -# Contact Info -#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://orgmode.org,maintainers webpage} -#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik -#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{carsten at orgmode dot org} -#+TEXINFO_HEADER: @set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:carsten at orgmode dot org,contact the maintainer} - -#+STARTUP: overview -#+TODO: FIXME | FIXED - -* Introduction - :PROPERTIES: - :TITLE: Introduction - :DESCRIPTION: Getting started - :END: -#+cindex: introduction - -** Summary - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Brief summary of what Org-mode does - :END: -#+cindex: summary - -Org is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, and doing -project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system. - -Org develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that contain -lists or information about projects as plain text. Org is implemented -on top of Outline mode, which makes it possible to keep the content of -large files well structured. Visibility cycling and structure editing -help to work with the tree. Tables are easily created with a built-in -table editor. Org supports TODO items, deadlines, timestamps, and -scheduling. It dynamically compiles entries into an agenda that -utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar and diary. -Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails, Usenet -messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects. For -printing and sharing of notes, an Org file can be exported as a -structured ASCII file, as HTML, or as an iCalendar file.[fn:1] It can -also serve as a publishing tool for a set of linked web pages. - -As a project planning environment, Org works by adding metadata to -outline nodes. Based on this data, specific entries can be extracted -in queries and create dynamic /agenda views/. - -Org mode contains the Org Babel environment which allows you to work -with embedded source code blocks in a file, to facilitate code -evaluation, documentation, and literate programming techniques. - -Org's automatic, context-sensitive table editor with spreadsheet -capabilities can be integrated into any major mode by activating the -minor Orgtbl mode. Using a translation step, it can be used to -maintain tables in arbitrary file types, for example in LaTeX. The -structure editing and list creation capabilities can be used outside -Org with the minor Orgstruct mode. - -Org keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should feel -like a straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not -imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when you -need it. Org is a toolbox and can be used in different ways and for -different ends, for example: - - - an outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing - - an ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes - - a TODO list editor - - a full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling - #+pindex: GTD, Getting Things Done - - an environment in which to implement David Allen's GTD system - - a simple hypertext system, with HTML and LaTeX export - - a publishing tool to create a set of interlinked web pages - - an environment for literate programming - -#+cindex: FAQ - -There is a [[http://orgmode.org][website for Org]] that provides links to the newest version -of Org, as well as additional information, frequently asked questions -(FAQ), links to tutorials, etc. - -#+cindex: print edition - -Version 7.3 of this manual is available as a [[http://www.network-theory.co.uk/org/manual/][paperback book from -Network Theory Ltd.]] - -{{{page}}} - -** Installation - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode - :END: - -#+cindex: installation -#+cindex: XEmacs - -*Important:* If you have the version of Org that comes with Emacs or -as a XEmacs package, please skip this section and go directly to -[[Activation]]. If you downloaded Org as an ELPA package, please read the -instructions on the [[http://orgmode.org/elpa.html][Org ELPA page]]. To see what version of Org (if any) -is part of your Emacs distribution, type {{{kbd(M-x org-version)}}}.[fn:2] - -Installation of Org mode uses a build system, which is described in more -detail on [[http://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-build-system.html][Worg]]. - -If you have downloaded Org from the Web as a distribution {{{file(.zip)}}} or -{{{file(.tar.gz)}}} archive, take the following steps to install it: - - - Unpack the distribution archive - - Change into (~cd~) the Org directory - - Run ~make help config~ and then check and edit the file - {{{file(local.mk)}}} if the default configuration does not match - your system - - - Set the name of the Emacs binary (likely either - {{{file(emacs)}}} or {{{file(xemacs)}}}), and the paths to the - directories where local Lisp and Info files will be installed - - If the Emacs binary is not in your path, give the full path to - the executable - - Avoid spaces in any path names - - - Run ~make config~ again to check the configuration - - Run ~make install~ or ~sudo make install~ to build and install Org - mode on your system - -If you use a cloned Git repository, then the procedure is slightly -different. The following description assumes that you are using the -~master~ branch.[fn:3] You could also use the ~maint~ branch instead, -where the release versions are published, just replace ~master~ with -~maint~ in the description below. - - - Change into (~cd~) the Org repository - - Run ~git checkout master~ to switch to the ~master~ branch of the - Org repository - - Run ~make help~ and then check and edit the file {{{file(local.mk)}}} - - - You must set the name of the Emacs binary - (likely either {{{file(emacs)}}} or {{{file(xemacs)}}}), and the - paths to the directories where local Lisp and Info files will be - installed - - If the Emacs binary is not in your path, you must give - the full path to the executable - - Avoid spaces in any path names - - - Run ~make config~ to check the configuration - - Optionally run ~make test~ to build Org mode and then run the full - test suite - - Run ~make update2~ or ~make up2~ to update the Git repository and - build and install Org mode. The latter invocation runs the - complete test suite before installation and installs only if the - build passes all tests - -If you don't have access to the system-wide directories and you don't -want to install somewhere into your home directory, you can run Org -directly from the distribution directory or Org repository by -compiling Org mode in place: - - - Change into (~cd~) the Org repository - - Run ~git checkout master~ to switch to the ~master~ branch of the - Org repository - - Run ~make compile~ - -Last but not least you can also run Org mode directly from an Org repository -without any compilation. Simply replace the last step in the recipe above -with ~make uncompiled~. - -Then add the following line to {{{file(.emacs)}}}: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(add-to-list 'load-path "~/path/to/orgdir/lisp") -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} -If you plan to use code files from the {{{file(contrib)}}} subdirectory without -compiling them, do a similar step for this directory: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(add-to-list 'load-path "~/path/to/orgdir/contrib/lisp" t) -#+end_src - -If you want to include those files with the build and install, please -customize the variable ~ORG_ADD_CONTRIB~ instead in your -~local.mk~ file. For more details please see this -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/dev/org-build-system.html#sec-4-1-2][description on Worg]]. - -Installing Info files is system dependent, because of differences in -the {{{file(install-info)}}} program. The Info documentation is -installed together with the rest of Org mode. If you don't install Org -mode, it is possible to install the Info documentation separately if you -have install-info on your system.[fn:4] - -The command to do this is: - -#+begin_example - make install-info -#+end_example - -Do not forget to activate Org as described in the following section. -{{{page}}} - -** Activation - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers - :END: -#+cindex: activation -#+cindex: autoload -#+cindex: ELPA -#+cindex: global key bindings -#+cindex: key bindings, global -#+findex: org-agenda -#+findex: org-capture -#+findex: org-store-link -#+findex: org-iswitchb - -Since Emacs 22.2, files with the {{{file(.org)}}} extension use Org mode by -default. If you are using an earlier version of Emacs, add this line to your -{{{file(.emacs)}}} file: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org\\'" . org-mode)) -#+end_src - -Org mode buffers need font-lock to be turned on - this is the default in -Emacs.[fn:5] - -There are compatibility issues between Org mode and some other Elisp -packages, please take the time to check the list (see [[Conflicts]]). - -The four Org commands {{{command(org-store-link)}}}, -{{{command(org-capture)}}}, {{{command(org-agenda)}}}, and -{{{command(org-iswitchb)}}} should be accessible through global keys -(i.e., anywhere in Emacs, not just in Org buffers). Here are -suggested bindings for these keys, please modify the keys to your own -liking. - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link) -(global-set-key "\C-cc" 'org-capture) -(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda) -(global-set-key "\C-cb" 'org-iswitchb) -#+end_src - -#+cindex: Org mode, turning on -With this setup, all files with extension {{{samp(.org)}}} will be put -into Org mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look -like this: - -#+begin_example - MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*- -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file -{{{noindent}}} -which will select Org mode for this buffer no matter what the file's -name is. See also the variable -~org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file~. - -Many commands in Org work on the region if the region is /active/. To -make use of this, you need to have ~transient-mark-mode~ -(~zmacs-regions~ in XEmacs) turned on. In Emacs 23 this is the -default, in Emacs 22 you need to do this yourself with - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(transient-mark-mode 1) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} If you do not like ~transient-mark-mode~, you can -create an active region by using the mouse to select a region, or -pressing {{{kbdkey(C-,SPC)}}} twice before moving the cursor. - -** Feedback - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Bug reports, ideas, patches, etc. - :END: -#+cindex: feedback -#+cindex: bug reports -#+cindex: maintainer -#+cindex: author - -If you find problems with Org, or if you have questions, remarks, or -ideas about it, please mail to the Org mailing list -[[mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org]]. If you are not a member of -the mailing list, your mail will be passed to the list after a -moderator has approved it.[fn:6] - -For bug reports, please first try to reproduce the bug with the latest -version of Org available---if you are running an outdated version, it -is quite possible that the bug has been fixed already. If the bug -persists, prepare a report and provide as much information as -possible, including the version information of Emacs ({{{kbdspckey(M-x -emacs-version,RET)}}}) and Org ({{{kbdspckey(M-x org-version,RET)}}}), -as well as the Org related setup in {{{file(.emacs)}}}. The easiest -way to do this is to use the command {{{kbd(M-x -org-submit-bug-report)}}}, which will put all this information into an -Emacs mail buffer so that you only need to add your description. If -you are not sending the Email from within Emacs, please copy and paste -the content into your Email program. - -Sometimes you might face a problem due to an error in your Emacs or -Org mode setup. Before reporting a bug, it is very helpful to start -Emacs with minimal customizations and reproduce the problem. Doing so -often helps you determine if the problem is with your customization or -with Org mode itself. You can start a typical minimal session with a -command like the example below. - -#+begin_src sh :exports code -$ emacs -Q -l /path/to/minimal-org.el -#+end_src - -However if you are using Org mode distributed with Emacs, a minimal -setup is not necessary. In that case it is sufficient to start Emacs -as ~emacs -Q~. The ~minimal-org.el~ setup -file can have contents as shown below. - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -;;; Minimal setup to load latest `org-mode' - -;; activate debugging -(setq debug-on-error t - debug-on-signal nil - debug-on-quit nil) - -;; add latest org-mode to load path -(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/lisp")) -(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "/path/to/org-mode/contrib/lisp" t)) -#+end_src - -If an error occurs, a backtrace can be very useful (see [[How to -create a useful backtrace]]). Often a small example file helps, along -with clear information about: - - 1. What exactly did you do? - 2. What did you expect to happen? - 3. What happened instead? - -{{{noindent}}} Thank you for helping to improve this program. - -** How to create a useful backtrace - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The best way to report an error - :END: - -#+cindex: backtrace of an error - -If working with Org produces an error with a message you don't -understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by -providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a /backtrace/. -This is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the -error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace: - - 1. Reload uncompiled versions of all Org mode Lisp files. The - backtrace contains much more information if it is produced with - uncompiled code. To do this, use - {{{kbdspckey(C-u M-x org-reload,RET)}}} or select - ~Org -> Refresh/Reload -> Reload Org uncompiled~ from the menu. - - 2. Go to the ~Options~ menu and select ~Enter Debugger on Error~ - (XEmacs has this option in the ~Troubleshooting~ sub-menu). - - 3. Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Don't forget to - document the steps you take. - - 4. When you hit the error, a {{{file(*Backtrace*)}}} buffer will - appear on the screen. Save this buffer to a file (for example - using {{{kbd(C-x C-w)}}}) and attach it to your bug report. - -** Conventions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Typesetting conventions in the manual - :END: - -Conventions for typesetting keywords, keybindings, and commands in -this manual are described. - -*** Three types of keywords - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: TODO, tags, and properties - :END: - -Org mainly uses three types of keywords: TODO keywords, tags and property -names. In this manual we use the following conventions: - - - TODO, WAITING :: TODO keywords are written with all capitals, even if they - are user-defined. - - boss, ARCHIVE :: User-defined tags are written in lowercase; built-in - tags with special meaning are written with all capitals. - - Release, PRIORITY :: User-defined properties are capitalized; built-in - properties with special meaning are written with all capitals. - -Moreover, Org uses /option keywords/ (like ~#+TITLE~ to set the title) -and /environment keywords/ (like ~#+BEGIN_HTML~ to start a ~HTML~ -environment). They are written in uppercase in the manual to enhance -its readability, but you can use lowercase in your Org files.[fn:7] - -*** Keybindings and commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Bind useful commands to keys - :END: - -#+kindex: C-c a -#+findex: org-agenda -#+kindex: C-c c -#+findex: org-capture - -The manual suggests two global keybindings: {{{kbd(C-c a)}}} for -~org-agenda~ and {{{kbd(C-c c)}}} for ~org-capture~. These are only -suggestions, but the rest of the manual assumes that you are using -these keybindings. - -Also, the manual lists both the keys and the corresponding commands -for accessing a functionality. Org mode often uses the same key for -different functions, depending on context. The command that is bound -to such keys has a generic name, like ~org-metaright~. In the manual -we will, wherever possible, give the function that is internally -called by the generic command. For example, in the chapter on document -structure, {{{kbdkey(M-,right)}}} will be listed to call -~org-do-demote~, while in the chapter on tables, it will be listed to -call ~org-table-move-column-right~. - -# If you prefer, you can compile the manual without the command names by unsetting the flag ~cmdnames~ in {{{file(org.texi)}}}. - -* Document structure - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: A tree works like your brain - :ALT_TITLE: Document Structure - :END: -#+cindex: document structure -#+cindex: structure of document - -Org is based on Outline mode and provides flexible commands to -edit the structure of the document. - -** Outlines - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Org mode is based on Outline mode - :END: -#+cindex: outlines -#+cindex: Outline mode - -Org is implemented on top of Outline mode. Outlines allow a document -to be organized in a hierarchical structure, which (at least for me) -is the best representation of notes and thoughts. An overview of this -structure is achieved by folding (hiding) large parts of the document -to show only the general document structure and the parts currently -being worked on. Org greatly simplifies the use of outlines by -compressing the entire show/hide functionality into a single command, -{{{command(org-cycle)}}}, which is bound to the {{{key(TAB)}}} key. - -** Headlines - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to typeset Org tree headlines - :END: -#+cindex: headlines -#+cindex: outline tree -#+vindex: org-special-ctrl-a/e -#+vindex: org-special-ctrl-k -#+vindex: org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree - -Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in Org -start with one or more stars, on the left margin.[fn:8] For example: - -#+begin_src org - ,* Top level headline - ,** Second level - ,*** Third level - some text - ,*** Third level - more text - ,* Another top level headline -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} Some people find the many stars too noisy and would -prefer an outline that has whitespace followed by a single star as -headline starters. A setup to realize this is described in the -section, [[Clean view]]. - -#+vindex: org-cycle-separator-lines -An empty line after the end of a subtree is considered part of it and -will be hidden when the subtree is folded. However, if you leave at -least two empty lines, one empty line will remain visible after folding -the subtree, in order to structure the collapsed view. See the -variable ~org-cycle-separator-lines~ to modify this behavior. - -** Visibility cycling - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Show and hide, much simplified - :ALT_TITLE: Visibility cycling - :END: -#+cindex: cycling, visibility -#+cindex: visibility cycling -#+cindex: trees, visibility -#+cindex: show hidden text -#+cindex: hide text - -Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer. -Org uses just two commands, bound to {{{key(TAB)}}} and -{{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} to change the visibility in the buffer. - -#+cindex: subtree visibility states -#+cindex: subtree cycling -#+cindex: folded, subtree visibility state -#+cindex: children, subtree visibility state -#+cindex: subtree, subtree visibility state - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{key(TAB)}}}, ~org-cycle~ :: Subtrees can be cycled through three - states: - #+kindex: TAB - #+findex: org-cycle - - #+begin_src example - ,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --. - '-----------------------------------' - #+end_src - - #+vindex: org-cycle-emulate-tab - #+vindex: org-cycle-global-at-bob - - By default, the cursor must be on a headline for this to work, - but this behavior can be modified with the - ~org-cycle-emulate-tab~ option. When the cursor is at the - beginning of the buffer and the first line is not a headline, - then {{{key(TAB)}}} actually runs global cycling (see - below).[fn:9] Also, when called with a prefix argument - ({{{kbdspckey(C-u,TAB)}}}), global cycling is invoked. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} or {{{kbdspckey(C-u,TAB)}}}, ~org-global-cycle~ :: - Global cycling: Rotate the entire buffer among the states - - #+cindex: global visibility states - #+cindex: global cycling - #+cindex: overview, global visibility state - #+cindex: contents, global visibility state - #+cindex: show all, global visibility state - #+kindex: C-u TAB - #+kindex: S-TAB - #+findex: org-global-cycle - - #+begin_example - ,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --. - '--------------------------------------' - #+end_example - - When {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} is called with a numeric prefix - argument, ~N~, the CONTENTS view up to headlines of level N will - be shown. Note that inside tables, {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} jumps - to the previous field. - -- {{{kbdspckey(C-u C-u C-u,TAB)}}}, ~show-all~ :: Show all, including - drawers. - - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-u TAB - #+findex: show-all - #+cindex: show all, command -- {{{kbd(C-c C-r)}}}, ~org-reveal~ :: Reveal context around point, - showing the current entry, the following heading and the - hierarchy above. Useful for working near a location that has - been exposed by a sparse tree command (see [[Sparse trees]]) or an - agenda command (see [[Agenda commands]]). With a prefix argument - show, on each level, all sibling headings. With a double prefix - argument, also show the entire subtree of the parent. - - #+cindex: revealing context - #+kindex: C-c C-r - #+findex: org-reveal -- {{{kbd(C-c C-k)}}}, ~show-branches~ :: Expose all the headings of - the subtree, CONTENT view for just one subtree. - - #+kindex: C-c C-k - #+findex: show-branches - #+cindex: show branches, command -- {{{kbdspckey(C-c,TAB)}}}, ~show-children~ :: Expose all direct - children of the subtree. With a numeric prefix argument, ~N~, - expose all children down to level N. - - #+kindex: C-c TAB - #+findex: show-children - #+cindex: show children, command -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x b)}}}, ~org-tree-to-indirect-buffer~ :: Show the - current subtree in an indirect buffer.[fn:10] With a numeric - prefix argument, ~N~, go up to level N and then take that tree. - If N is negative then go up that many levels. With a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect - buffer. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x b - #+findex: org-tree-to-indirect-buffer -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x v)}}}, ~org-copy-visible~ :: Copy the /visible/ text - in the region into the kill ring. - -#+vindex: org-startup-folded -#+cindex: ~overview~, STARTUP keyword -#+cindex: ~content~, STARTUP keyword -#+cindex: ~showall~, STARTUP keyword -#+cindex: ~showeverything~, STARTUP keyword - -When Emacs first visits an Org file, the global state is set to -OVERVIEW, i.e., only the top level headlines are visible. This can be -configured through the variable ~org-startup-folded~, or on a -per-file basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the -buffer: - -#+begin_src org - ,#+STARTUP: overview - ,#+STARTUP: content - ,#+STARTUP: showall - ,#+STARTUP: showeverything -#+end_src - -#+cindex: property, VISIBILITY - -{{{noindent}}} Furthermore, any entries with a {{{samp(VISIBILITY)}}} -property (see [[Properties and columns]]) will get their visibility -adapted accordingly. Allowed values for this property are ~folded~, -~children~, ~content~, and ~all~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :indic @asis -- {{{kbdspckey(C-u C-u,TAB)}}}, ~org-set-startup-visibility~ :: Switch - back to the startup visibility of the buffer, i.e., whatever is - requested by startup options and {{{samp(VISIBILITY)}}} - properties in individual entries. - -** Motion - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Jumping to other headlines - :END: -#+cindex: motion, between headlines -#+cindex: jumping, to headlines -#+cindex: headline navigation -The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c C-n)}}}, ~outline-next-visible-heading~ :: Next heading. - #+kindex: C-c C-n - #+findex: outline-next-visible-heading - - {{{kbd(C-c C-p)}}}, ~outline-previous-visible-heading~ :: Previous heading. - #+kindex: C-c C-p - #+findex: outline-previous-visible-heading - - {{{kbd(C-c C-f)}}}, ~org-forward-same-level~ :: Next heading same level. - #+kindex: C-c C-f - #+findex: org-forward-same-level - - {{{kbd(C-c C-b)}}}, ~org-backward-same-level~ :: Previous heading same level. - #+kindex: C-c C-b - #+findex: org-backward-same-level - - {{{kbd(C-c C-u)}}}, ~outline-up-heading~ :: Backward to higher level heading. - #+kindex: C-c C-u - #+findex: outline-up-heading - - {{{kbd(C-c C-j)}}}, ~org-goto~ :: Jump to a different place without - changing the current outline visibility. Shows the document - structure in a temporary buffer, where you can use the - following keys to find your destination: - - #+kindex: C-c C-j - #+findex: org-goto - #+vindex: org-goto-auto-isearch - - {{{key(TAB)}}} :: Cycle visibility. - - {{{key(down)}}} / {{{key(up)}}} :: Next/previous visible headline. - - {{{key(RET)}}} :: Select this location. - - {{{kbd(/)}}} :: Do a Sparse-tree search - The following keys work if you turn off ~org-goto-auto-isearch~ - - n / p :: Next/previous visible headline. - - f / b :: Next/previous headline same level. - - u :: One level up. - - 0--9 :: Digit argument. - - q :: Quit. - -#+vindex: org-goto-interface -{{{noindent}}} See also the variable ~org-goto-interface~. - -** Structure editing - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Changing sequence and level of headlines - :ALT_TITLE: Structure editing - :END: -#+cindex: structure editing -#+cindex: headline, promotion and demotion -#+cindex: promotion, of subtrees -#+cindex: demotion, of subtrees -#+cindex: subtree, cut and paste -#+cindex: pasting, of subtrees -#+cindex: cutting, of subtrees -#+cindex: copying, of subtrees -#+cindex: sorting, of subtrees -#+cindex: subtrees, cut and paste - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-heading~ :: Insert new heading - with same level as current. If the cursor is in a plain list - item, a new item is created (see [[Plain lists]]). To force - creation of a new headline, use a prefix argument. When this - command is used in the middle of a line, the line is split and - the rest of the line becomes the new headline.[fn:11] If the - command is used at the beginning of a headline, the new - headline is created before the current line. If at the - beginning of any other line, the content of that line is made - the new heading. If the command is used at the end of a folded - subtree (i.e., behind the ellipses at the end of a headline), - then a headline like the current one will be inserted after the - end of the subtree. - - #+kindex: M-RET - #+findex: org-insert-heading - #+vindex: org-M-RET-may-split-line - - {{{kbdkey(C-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-heading-respect-content~ :: Just - like {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}}, except when adding a new heading - below the current heading, the new heading is placed after the - body instead of before it. This command works from anywhere in - the entry. - - #+kindex: C-RET - #+findex: org-insert-heading-respect-content - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-todo-heading~ :: Insert new - TODO entry with same level as current heading. See also the - variable ~org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change~. - - #+kindex: M-S-RET - #+findex: org-insert-todo-heading - #+vindex: org-treat-insert-todo-heading-as-state-change - - {{{kbdkey(C-S-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content~ :: Insert - new TODO entry with same level as current heading. Like - {{{kbdkey(C-,RET)}}}, the new headline will be inserted after - the current subtree. - - #+kindex: C-S-RET - #+findex: org-insert-todo-heading-respect-content - - {{{key(TAB)}}}, ~org-cycle~ :: In a new entry with no text - yet, the first {{{key(TAB)}}} demotes the entry to become a - child of the previous one. The next {{{key(TAB)}}} makes it a - parent, and so on, all the way to top level. Yet another - {{{key(TAB)}}}, and you are back to the initial level. - - #+kindex: @key{TAB} - #+findex: org-cycle - - {{{kbdkey(M-,left)}}}, ~org-do-promote~ :: Promote current heading - by one level. - - #+kindex: M-left - #+findex: org-do-promote - - {{{kbdkey(M-,right)}}}, ~org-do-demote~ :: Demote current heading - by one level. - - #+kindex: M-right - #+findex: org-do-demote - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,left)}}}, ~org-promote-subtree~ :: Promote the - current subtree by one level. - - #+kindex: M-S-left - #+findex: org-promote-subtree - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,right)}}}, ~org-demote-subtree~ :: Demote the - current subtree by one level. - - #+kindex: M-S-right - #+findex: org-demote-subtree - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,up)}}}, ~org-move-subtree-up~ :: Move subtree up - (swap with previous subtree of same level). - - #+kindex: M-S-up - #+findex: org-move-subtree-up - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,down)}}}, ~org-move-subtree-down~ :: Move subtree - down (swap with next subtree of same level). - - #+kindex: M-S-,down - #+findex: org-move-subtree-down - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-w)}}}, ~org-cut-subtree~ :: Kill subtree, i.e., - remove it from buffer but save in kill ring. With a numeric - prefix argument N, kill N sequential subtrees. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-w - #+findex: org-cut-subtree - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x M-w)}}}, ~org-copy-subtree~ :: Copy subtree to kill - ring. With a numeric prefix argument N, copy the N sequential - subtrees. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x M-w - #+findex: org-copy-subtree - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-y)}}}, ~org-paste-subtree~ :: Yank subtree from - kill ring. This does modify the level of the subtree to make - sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. The yank - level can also be specified with a numeric prefix argument, or - by yanking after a headline marker like {{{samp(****)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-y - #+findex: org-paste-subtree - - {{{kbd(C-y)}}}, ~org-yank~ :: Depending on the variables - ~org-yank-adjusted-subtrees~ and ~org-yank-folded-subtrees~, - Org's internal ~yank~ command will paste subtrees folded and in - a clever way, using the same command as {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-y)}}}. - With the default settings, no level adjustment will take place, - but the yanked tree will be folded unless doing so would - swallow text previously visible. Any prefix argument to this - command will force a normal ~yank~ to be executed, with the - prefix passed along. A good way to force a normal yank is - {{{kbd(C-u C-y)}}}. If you use ~yank-pop~ after a yank, it - will yank previous kill items plainly, without adjustment and - folding. - - #+kindex: C-y - #+findex: org-yank - #+vindex: org-yank-adjusted-subtrees - #+vindex: org-yank-folded-subtrees - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x c)}}}, ~org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift~ :: Clone - a subtree by making a number of sibling copies of it. You will - be prompted for the number of copies to make, and you can also - specify if any timestamps in the entry should be shifted. This - can be useful, for example, to create a number of tasks related - to a series of lectures to prepare. For more details, see the - docstring of the command ~org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift~. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x c - #+findex: org-clone-subtree-with-time-shift - - {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}}, ~org-refile~ :: Refile entry or region to a - different location. See [[Refile and copy]]. - - #+kindex: C-c C-w - #+findex: org-refile - - {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}}, ~org-sort~ :: Sort same-level entries. When - there is an active region, all entries in the region will be - sorted. Otherwise the children of the current headline are - sorted. The command prompts for the sorting method, which can - be alphabetically, numerically, by time (first timestamp with - active preferred, creation time, scheduled time, deadline - time), by priority, by TODO keyword (in the sequence the - keywords have been defined in the setup) or by the value of a - property. Reverse sorting is possible as well. You can also - supply your own function to extract the sorting key. With a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, sorting will be case-sensitive. - - #+kindex: C-c ^ - #+findex: org-sort - - {{{kbd(C-x n s)}}}, ~org-narrow-to-subtree~ :: Narrow buffer to - current subtree. - - #+kindex: C-x n s - #+findex: org-narrow-to-subtree - - {{{kbd(C-x n b)}}}, ~org-narrow-to-block~ :: Narrow buffer to - current block. - - #+kindex: C-x n b - #+findex: org-narrow-to-block - - {{{kbd(C-x n w)}}}, ~widen~ :: Widen buffer to remove narrowing. - - #+kindex: C-x n w - #+findex: widen - - {{{kbd(C-c *)}}}, ~org-toggle-heading~ :: Turn a normal line or - plain list item into a headline (so that it becomes a - subheading at its location). Also turn a headline into a normal - line by removing the stars. If there is an active region, turn - all lines in the region into headlines. If the first line in - the region was an item, turn only the item lines into - headlines. Finally, if the first line is a headline, remove the - stars from all headlines in the region. - - #+kindex: C-c * - #+findex: org-toggle-heading - -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient mark mode - -When there is an active region (Transient Mark mode), promotion and -demotion work on all headlines in the region. To select a region of -headlines, it is best to place both point and mark at the beginning of -a line, mark at the beginning of the first headline, and point at the -line just after the last headline to change. Note that when the -cursor is inside a table (see [[Tables]]), the Meta-Cursor keys have -different functionality. - -** Sparse trees - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Matches embedded in context - :ALT_TITLE: Sparse trees - :END: -#+cindex: sparse trees -#+cindex: trees, sparse -#+cindex: folding, sparse trees -#+cindex: occur, command -#+vindex: org-show-hierarchy-above -#+vindex: org-show-following-heading -#+vindex: org-show-siblings -#+vindex: org-show-entry-below - -An important feature of Org mode is the ability to construct /sparse -trees/ for selected information in an outline tree, so that the entire -document is folded as much as possible, but the selected information -is made visible along with the headline structure above it.[fn:12] -Just try it out and you will see immediately how it works. - -Org mode contains several commands creating such trees, all these -commands can be accessed through a dispatcher: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c /)}}}, ~org-sparse-tree~ :: This prompts for an extra - key to select a sparse-tree creating command. - - #+kindex: C-c / - #+findex: org-sparse-tree - - {{{kbd(C-c / r)}}}, ~org-occur~ :: Prompts for a regexp and shows a - sparse tree with all matches. If the match is in a headline, - the headline is made visible. If the match is in the body of an - entry, headline and body are made visible. In order to provide - minimal context, also the full hierarchy of headlines above the - match is shown, as well as the headline following the - match. Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear - when the buffer is changed by an editing command, or by - pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}.[fn:13] When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} - prefix argument, previous highlights are kept, so several calls - to this command can be stacked. - - #+kindex: C-c / r - #+findex: org-occur - #+vindex: org-remove-highlights-with-change - - {{{kbd(M-g n)}}}, ~next-error~ :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbd(M-g M-n)}}} - - Jump to the next sparse tree match in this buffer. - - #+kindex: M-g n - #+kindex: M-g M-n - #+findex: next-error - - {{{kbd(M-g p)}}}, ~previous-error~ :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbd(M-g M-p)}}} - - Jump to the previous sparse tree match in this buffer. - - #+kindex: M-g p - #+kindex: M-g M-p - #+findex: previous-error -#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands - -{{{noindent}}} For frequently used sparse trees of specific search -strings, you can use the variable ~org-agenda-custom-commands~ to -define fast keyboard access to specific sparse trees. These commands -will then be accessible through the agenda dispatcher -(see [[Agenda dispatcher]]). For example: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("f" occur-tree "FIXME"))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} will define the key {{{kbd(C-c a f)}}} as a -shortcut for creating a sparse tree matching the string -{{{samp(FIXME)}}}. - -The other sparse tree commands select headings based on TODO keywords, -tags, or properties and will be discussed later in this manual. - -#+kindex: C-c C-e v -#+cindex: printing sparse trees -#+cindex: visible text, printing - -To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command -~ps-print-buffer-with-faces~ which does not print -invisible parts of the document.[fn:14] Or you can use the command -{{{kbd(C-c C-e v)}}} to export only the visible part of the -document and print the resulting file. - -** Plain lists - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Additional structure within an entry - :ALT_TITLE: Plain lists - :END: -#+cindex: plain lists -#+cindex: lists, plain -#+cindex: lists, ordered -#+cindex: ordered lists - -Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide -additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of -checkboxes (see [[Checkboxes]]). Org supports editing -such lists, and every exporter (see [[Exporting]]) -can parse and format them. - -Org knows ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @bullet - - /Unordered/ list items start with ~-~, ~+~, or ~*~ as bullets.[fn:15] - - - /Ordered/ list items start with a numeral followed by either a - period or a right parenthesis,[fn:16] such as - ~1.~ or ~1~.[fn:170] If you want a list to - start with a different value (e.g., 20), start the text of the - item with ~[@20]~.[fn:17] Those constructs can be used - in any item of the list in order to enforce a particular - numbering. - #+vindex: org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator - #+vindex: org-alphabetical-lists - - - /Description/ list items are unordered list items, and contain the - separator {{{samp( :: )}}} to distinguish the description - /term/ from the description. - - -Items belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the -first line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number -{{{samp(10.)}}}, then the 2--digit numbers must be written -left-aligned with the other numbers in the list. An item ends before -the next line that is less or equally indented than its bullet/number. - -#+vindex: org-empty-line-terminates-plain-lists -A list ends whenever every item has ended, which means before any line less -or equally indented than items at top level. It also ends before two blank -lines.[fn:171] In that case, all items are closed. Here is an example: - -#+begin_src texinfo - ,** Lord of the Rings - My favorite scenes are (in this order) - 1. The attack of the Rohirrim - 2. Eowyn's fight with the witch king - + this was already my favorite scene in the book - + I really like Miranda Otto. - 3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas - - on DVD only - He makes a really funny face when it happens. - But in the end, no individual scenes matter but the film as a whole. - Important actors in this film are: - - @b{Elijah Wood} :: He plays Frodo - - @b{Sean Austin} :: He plays Sam, Frodo's friend. I still remember - him very well from his role as Mikey Walsh in @i{The Goonies}. -#+end_src - -Org supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands to -deal with them correctly.[fn:18] To turn this on, put into -{{{file(.emacs)}}}: ~(require 'filladapt)~}, and by exporting them -properly (see [[Exporting]]). Since indentation is -what governs the structure of these lists, many structural constructs -like ~#+BEGIN_ ...~ blocks can be indented to signal that they belong -to a particular item. - -#+vindex: org-list-demote-modify-bullet -#+vindex: org-list-indent-offset -If you find that using a different bullet for a sub-list (than that used for -the current list-level) improves readability, customize the variable -~org-list-demote-modify-bullet~. To get a greater difference of -indentation between items and theirs sub-items, customize -~org-list-indent-offset~. - -#+vindex: org-list-automatic-rules -The following commands act on items when the cursor is in the first line of -an item (the line with the bullet or number). Some of them imply the -application of automatic rules to keep list structure intact. If some of -these actions get in your way, configure ~org-list-automatic-rules~ -to disable them individually. - - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{key(TAB)}}}, ~org-cycle~ :: - #+cindex: cycling, in plain lists - #+kindex: TAB - #+findex: org-cycle - #+vindex: org-cycle-include-plain-lists - - Items can be folded just like headline levels. Normally this - works only if the cursor is on a plain list item. For more - details, see the variable ~org-cycle-include-plain-lists~. If - this variable is set to ~integrate~, plain list items will be - treated like low-level headlines. The level of an item is then - given by the indentation of the bullet/number. Items are always - subordinate to real headlines, however; the hierarchies remain - completely separated. In a new item with no text yet, the first - {{{key(TAB)}}} demotes the item to become a child of the - previous one. Subsequent {{{key(TAB)}}}s move the item to - meaningful levels in the list and eventually get it back to its - initial position. - - - {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-heading~ :: - #+kindex: M-RET - #+findex: org-insert-heading - #+vindex: org-M-RET-may-split-line - #+vindex: org-list-automatic-rules - - Insert new item at current level. With a prefix argument, force - a new heading (see [[Structure editing]]). If this command is used - in the middle of an item, that item is /split/ in two, and the - second part becomes the new item.[fn:19] If this command is - executed /before item's body/, the new item is created /before/ - the current one. - - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,RET)}}} :: - #+kindex: M-S-RET - - Insert a new item with a checkbox (see [[Checkboxes]]). - - - {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}} :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}} - - Jump to the previous/next item in the current list, but - only if ~org-support-shift-select~ is off.[fn:20] If not, you can - still use paragraph jumping commands like {{{kbdkey(C-,up)}}} - and {{{kbdkey(C-,down)}}} to quite similar effect. - - #+kindex: S-up - #+kindex: S-down - #+cindex: shift-selection-mode - #+vindex: org-support-shift-select - #+vindex: org-list-use-circular-motion - - {{{kbdkey(M-,up)}}} :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbdkey(M-,down)}}} - - Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with - previous/next item of same indentation).[fn:21] If the list is - ordered, renumbering is automatic. - - #+kindex: M-up - #+kindex: M-down - - {{{kbdkey(M-,left)}}} :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbdkey(M-,right)}}} - - Decrease/increase the indentation of an item, leaving children - alone. - - #+kindex: M-left - #+kindex: M-right - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,left)}}} :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbdkey(M-S-,right)}}} - - Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including - subitems. Initially, the item tree is selected based on - current indentation. When these commands are executed several - times in direct succession, the initially selected region is - used, even if the new indentation would imply a different - hierarchy. To use the new hierarchy, break the command chain - with a cursor motion or so. - - #+kindex: M-S-left - #+kindex: M-S-right - - As a special case, using this command on the very first item of - a list will move the whole list. This behavior can be disabled - by configuring ~org-list-automatic-rules~. The global - indentation of a list has no influence on the text /after/ the - list. - - {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: If there is a checkbox (see [[Checkboxes]]) in - the item line, toggle the state of the checkbox. In any case, - verify bullets and indentation consistency in the whole list. - - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - {{{kbd(C-c -)}}} :: Cycle the entire list level through the - different itemize/enumerate bullets ({{{samp(-)}}}, - {{{samp(+)}}}, {{{samp(*)}}}, {{{samp(1.)}}}, {{{samp(1))}}}) - or a subset of them, depending on - ~org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator~, the type of list, and - its indentation. With a numeric prefix argument N, select the - Nth bullet from this list. If there is an active region when - calling this, selected text will be changed into an item. With - a prefix argument, all lines will be converted to list items. - If the first line already was a list item, any item marker will - be removed from the list. Finally, even without an active - region, a normal line will be converted into a list item. - - #+kindex: C-c - - #+vindex: org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator - - {{{kbd(C-c *)}}} :: Turn a plain list item into a headline (so - that it becomes a subheading at its location). See - [[Structure editing]], for a detailed explanation. - - #+kindex: C-c * - - {{{kbd(C-c C-*)}}} :: Turn the whole plain list into a subtree of - the current heading. Checkboxes (see [[Checkboxes]]) will become - TODO (resp. DONE) keywords when unchecked (resp. checked). - - #+kindex: C-c C-* - - {{{kbd(S-left/right)}}} :: This command also cycles bullet styles - when the cursor in on the bullet or anywhere in an item line, - details depending on ~org-support-shift-select~. - - #+vindex: org-support-shift-select - #+kindex: S-left - #+kindex: S-right - - {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}} :: Sort the plain list. You will be prompted for - the sorting method: numerically, alphabetically, by time, or by - custom function. - - #+kindex: C-c ^ - -** Drawers - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tucking stuff away - :END: -#+cindex: drawers -#+cindex: #+DRAWERS -#+cindex: visibility cycling, drawers - -#+vindex: org-drawers -#+cindex: org-insert-drawer -#+kindex: C-c C-x d -Sometimes you want to keep information associated with an entry, but you -normally don't want to see it. For this, Org mode has /drawers/. -Drawers need to be configured with the variable -~org-drawers~.[fn:172] Drawers -look like this: - -#+begin_src org - ,** This is a headline - Still outside the drawer - :DRAWERNAME: - This is inside the drawer. - :END: - After the drawer. -#+end_src - - -You can interactively insert drawers at point by calling -~org-insert-drawer~, which is bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-x d)}}}. -With an active region, this command will put the region inside the -drawer. With a prefix argument, this command calls -~org-insert-property-drawer~ and add a property drawer right -below the current headline. Completion over drawer keywords is also -possible using {{{key(M-TAB)}}}. - -Visibility cycling (see [[Visibility cycling]]) on the headline -will hide and show the entry, but keep the drawer collapsed to a -single line. In order to look inside the drawer, you need to move the -cursor to the drawer line and press {{{key(TAB)}}} there. Org mode -uses the ~PROPERTIES~ drawer for storing properties -(see [[Properties and columns]]), and you can also arrange for -state change notes (see [[Tracking TODO state changes]) and -clock times (see [[Clocking work time]) to be stored in a drawer -~LOGBOOK~. If you want to store a quick note in the LOGBOOK -drawer, in a similar way to state changes, use - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c C-z)}}} :: Add a time-stamped note to the LOGBOOK - drawer. - - #+kindex: C-c C-z - -** Blocks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Folding blocks - :END: -#+vindex: org-hide-block-startup -#+cindex: blocks, folding - -Org mode uses ~begin~ ... ~end~ blocks for various purposes from including -source code examples (see [[Literal examples]]) to capturing time logging -information (see [[Clocking work time]]). These blocks can be folded -and unfolded by pressing TAB in the begin line. You can also get all -blocks folded at startup by configuring the variable -~org-hide-block-startup~ or on a per-file basis by using - -#+cindex: @code{hideblocks}, STARTUP keyword -#+cindex: @code{nohideblocks}, STARTUP keyword -#+begin_src org - ,#+STARTUP: hideblocks - ,#+STARTUP: nohideblocks -#+end_src - -** Creating footnotes - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Define footnotes in Org syntax - :END: -#+cindex: footnotes - -Org mode supports the creation of footnotes. In contrast to the -{{{file(footnote.el)}}} package, Org mode's footnotes are designed for -work on a larger document, not only for one-off documents like emails. -The basic syntax is similar to the one used by -{{{file(footnote.el)}}}, i.e., a footnote is defined in a paragraph -that is started by a footnote marker in square brackets in column 0, -no indentation allowed. If you need a paragraph break inside a -footnote, use the LaTeX idiom ~\par~. The footnote reference is simply -the marker in square brackets, inside text. For example: - -#+begin_example - The Org homepage[fn:1] now looks a lot better than it used to. - ... - [fn:1] The link is: http://orgmode.org -#+end_example - -Org mode extends the number-based syntax to /named/ footnotes and -optional inline definition. Using plain numbers as markers (as -{{{file(footnote.el)}}} does) is supported for backward compatibility, -but not encouraged because of possible conflicts with LaTeX -snippets (see [[Embedded LaTeX]]). Here are -the valid references: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~[1]~ :: A plain numeric footnote marker. Compatible with - {{{file(footnote.el)}}}, but not recommended because - something like ~[1]~ could easily be part of a - code snippet. - - - ~[fn:name]~ :: A named footnote reference, where ~name~ is - a unique label word, or, for simplicity of automatic - creation, a number. - - ~[fn:: This is the inline definition of this footnote]~ :: A - LaTeX-like anonymous footnote where the definition - is given directly at the reference point. - - ~[fn:name: a definition]~ :: An inline definition of a footnote, - which also specifies a name for the note. Since Org allows - multiple references to the same note, you can then use - ~[fn:name]~ to create additional references. - - -#+vindex: org-footnote-auto-label -Footnote labels can be created automatically, or you can create names -yourself. This is handled by the variable -~org-footnote-auto-label~ and its corresponding -~#+STARTUP~ keywords. See the docstring of that variable for -details. - -{{{noindent}}} The following command handles footnotes: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x f)}}} :: The footnote action command. - #+kindex: C-c C-x f - - When the cursor is on a footnote reference, jump to the - definition. When it is at a definition, jump to the - (first) reference. - - #+vindex: org-footnote-define-inline - #+vindex: org-footnote-section - #+vindex: org-footnote-auto-adjust - - Otherwise, create a new footnote. Depending on the - variable ~org-footnote-define-inline~, the - definition will be placed right into the text as part - of the reference, or separately into the location - determined by the variable ~org-footnote-section~.[fn:173] - - When this command is called with a prefix argument, a - menu of additional options is offered: - - - {{{kbd(s)}}} :: Sort the footnote definitions by reference sequence. - During editing, Org makes no effort to sort footnote - definitions into a particular sequence. If you want them - sorted, use this command, which will also move entries - according to ~org-footnote-section~. Automatic sorting - after each insertion/deletion can be configured using the - variable ~org-footnote-auto-adjust~. - - {{{kbd(r)}}} :: Renumber the simple ~fn:N~ footnotes. Automatic - renumbering after each insertion/deletion can be - configured using the variable ~org-footnote-auto-adjust~. - - {{{kbd(S)}}} :: Short for first ~r~, then ~s~ action. - - {{{kbd(n)}}} :: Normalize the footnotes by collecting all definitions - (including inline definitions) into a special section, and - then numbering them in sequence. The references will then - also be numbers. This is meant to be the final step - before finishing a document (e.g., sending off an email). - The exporters do this automatically, and so could - something like ~message-send-hook~. - - {{{kbd(d)}}} :: Delete the footnote at point, and all definitions of and - references to it. - - Depending on the variable ~org-footnote-auto-adjust~, renumbering - and sorting footnotes can be automatic after each insertion or - deletion.[fn:174] - - - {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: If the cursor is on a footnote reference, jump to the - definition. If it is a the definition, jump back to - the reference. When called at a footnote location with - a prefix argument, offer the same menu as {{{kbd(C-c C-x f)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - - {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} or {{{kbd(mouse-1/2)}}} :: Footnote labels are also - links to the corresponding definition/reference, and you can - use the usual commands to follow these links. - - #+kindex: C-c C-o - #+kindex: mouse-1 - #+kindex: mouse-2 - -** Orgstruct mode - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Structure editing outside Org - :ALT_TITLE: Orgstruct mode - :END: -#+cindex: Orgstruct mode -#+cindex: minor mode for structure editing - -If you like the intuitive way the Org mode structure editing and list -formatting works, you might want to use these commands in other modes -like Text mode or Mail mode as well. The minor mode ~orgstruct-mode~ -makes this possible. Toggle the mode with {{{kbd(M-x orgstruct-mode)}}}, or turn it on by default, for example in Message -mode, with one of: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgstruct) - (add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgstruct++) -#+end_src - -When this mode is active and the cursor is on a line that looks to Org -like a headline or the first line of a list item, most structure -editing commands will work, even if the same keys normally have -different functionality in the major mode you are using. If the -cursor is not in one of those special lines, Orgstruct mode lurks -silently in the shadows. When you use ~orgstruct++-mode~, Org will -also export indentation and autofill settings into that mode, and -detect item context after the first line of an item. - -* Tables - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Pure magic for quick formatting - :END: -#+cindex: tables -#+cindex: editing tables - -Org comes with a fast and intuitive table editor. Spreadsheet-like -calculations are supported using the Emacs {{{file(calc)}}} package -([[info:calc]]). - -** Built-in table editor - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Simple tables - :END: -#+cindex: table editor, built-in - -Org makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with -{{{samp(|)}}} as the first non-whitespace character is considered part -of a table. {{{samp(|)}}} is also the column separator.[fn:22] A table -might look like this: - -#+begin_src org - | Name | Phone | Age | - |-------+-------+-----| - | Peter | 1234 | 17 | - | Anna | 4321 | 25 | -#+end_src - - -A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press {{{key(TAB)}}} -or {{{key(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} inside the table. -{{{key(TAB)}}} also moves to the next field ({{{key(RET)}}} to the -next row) and creates new table rows at the end of the table or before -horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is set by the first -line. Any line starting with {{{samp(|-)}}} is considered as a -horizontal separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to -span the whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would -only type - -#+begin_src org - |Name|Phone|Age| - |- -#+end_src - - -{{{noindent}}} and then press {{{key(TAB)}}} to align the table and -start filling in fields. Even faster would be to type -~|Name|Phone|Age~ followed by {{{kbdspckey(C-c,RET)}}}. - -#+vindex: org-enable-table-editor -#+vindex: org-table-auto-blank-field - -When typing text into a field, Org treats {{{key(DEL)}}}, -{{{key(Backspace)}}}, and all character keys in a special way, so that -inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when -typing /immediately/ after the cursor was moved into a new field with -{{{key(TAB)}}}, {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} or {{{key(RET)}}}, the field is -automatically made blank. If this behavior is too unpredictable for -you, configure the variables ~org-enable-table-editor~ and -~org-table-auto-blank-field~. -*** Creation and conversion - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Creating tabular data in Org - :END: -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c |)}}}, ~org-table-create-or-convert-from-region~ :: Convert - the active region to table. If every line contains at least one - {{{key(TAB)}}} character, the function assumes that the material - is tab separated. If every line contains a comma, comma-separated - values (CSV) are assumed. If not, lines are split at whitespace - into fields. You can use a prefix argument to force a specific - separator: {{{kbd(C-u)}}} forces CSV, {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} forces - {{{key(TAB)}}}, and a numeric argument ~N~ indicates that at - least N consecutive spaces, or alternatively a {{{key(TAB)}}} - will be the separator. If there is no active region, this command - creates an empty Org table. But it is easier just to start - typing, like {{{kbdspckey(|Name|Phone|Age,RET)}}} {{{kbdkey(|- - ,TAB)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-c | - #+findex: org-table-create-or-convert-from-region - -*** Re-aligning and field motion - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Navigating and tidying - :END: -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-table-align~ :: Re-align the table without - moving the cursor. - - #+kindex: C-c C-c - #+findex: org-table-align -- {{{kbd(<TAB>)}}}, ~org-table-next-field~ :: Re-align the table, move - to the next field. Creates a new row if necessary. - - #+kindex: <TAB> - #+findex: org-table-next-field -- {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}}, ~org-table-previous-field~ :: Re-align, move to - previous field. - - #+kindex: S-TAB - #+findex: org-table-previous-field -- {{{key(RET)}}}, ~org-table-next-row~ :: Re-align the table and move - down to next row. Creates a new row if necessary. At the - beginning or end of a line, {{{key(RET)}}} still does NEWLINE, so - it can be used to split a table. - - #+kindex: RET - #+findex: org-table-next-row -- {{{kbd(M-a)}}}, ~org-table-beginning-of-field~ :: Move to beginning - of the current table field, or on to the previous field. - - #+kindex: M-a - #+findex: org-table-beginning-of-field -- {{{kbd(M-e)}}}, ~org-table-end-of-field~ :: Move to end of the - current table field, or on to the next field. - - #+kindex: M-e - #+findex: org-table-end-of-field - -*** Column and row editing - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Insert, kill, or move - :END: -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbdkey(M-,left)}}}, ~org-table-move-column-left~ :: - #+kindex: M-left - #+findex: org-table-move-column-left - - Move the current column left. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-,right)}}}, ~org-table-move-column-right~ :: - #+kindex: M-right - #+findex: org-table-move-column-right - - Move the current column right. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-S-,left)}}}, ~org-table-delete-column~ :: - #+kindex: M-S-left - #+findex: org-table-delete-column - - Kill the current column. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-S-,right)}}}, ~org-table-insert-column~ :: - #+kindex: M-S-right - #+findex: org-table-insert-column - - Insert a new column to the left of the cursor position. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-,up)}}}, ~org-table-move-row-up~ :: - #+kindex: M-up - #+findex: org-table-move-row-up - - Move the current row up. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-,down)}}}, ~org-table-move-row-down~ :: - #+kindex: M-down - #+findex: org-table-move-row-down - - Move the current row down. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-S-,up)}}}, ~org-table-kill-row~ :: Kill the current row - or horizontal line. - - #+kindex: M-S-up - #+findex: org-table-kill-row - -- {{{kbdkey(M-S-,down)}}}, ~org-table-insert-row~ :: Insert a new row - above the current row. With a prefix argument, the line is - created below the current one. - - #+kindex: M-S-down - #+findex: org-table-insert-row - -- {{{kbd(C-c -)}}}, ~org-table-insert-hline~ :: Insert a horizontal - line below current row. With a prefix argument, the line is - created above the current line. - - #+kindex: C-c - - #+findex: org-table-insert-hline - -- {{{kbdspckey(C-c,RET)}}}, ~org-table-hline-and-move~ :: Insert a - horizontal line below current row, and move the cursor into the - row below that line. - - #+kindex: C-c RET - #+findex: org-table-hline-and-move - -- {{{kbd(C-c ^)}}}, ~org-table-sort-lines~ :: Sort the table lines in - the region. The position of point indicates the column to be - used for sorting, and the range of lines is the range between the - nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire table. If - point is before the first column, you will be prompted for the - sorting column. If there is an active region, the mark specifies - the first line and the sorting column, while point should be in - the last line to be included into the sorting. The command - prompts for the sorting type (alphabetically, numerically, or by - time). When called with a prefix argument, alphabetic sorting - will be case-sensitive. - - #+kindex: C-c ^ - #+findex: org-table-sort-lines -*** Regions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Manipulate parts of a table - :END: -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x M-w)}}}, ~org-table-copy-region~ :: Copy a rectangular - region from a table to a special clipboard. Point and mark - determine edge fields of the rectangle. If there is no active - region, copy just the current field. The process ignores - horizontal separator lines. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x M-w - #+findex: org-table-copy-region -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-w)}}}, ~org-table-cut-region~ :: Copy a rectangular - region from a table to a special clipboard, and blank all fields - in the rectangle. So this is the ``cut'' operation. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-w - #+findex: org-table-cut-region -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-y)}}}, ~org-table-paste-rectangle~ :: Paste a - rectangular region into a table. The upper left corner ends up - in the current field. All involved fields will be overwritten. - If the rectangle does not fit into the present table, the table - is enlarged as needed. The process ignores horizontal separator - lines. - - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-y - #+findex: org-table-paste-rectangle -- {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}}, ~org-table-wrap-region~ :: Split the current - field at the cursor position and move the rest to the line below. - If there is an active region, and both point and mark are in the - same column, the text in the column is wrapped to minimum width - for the given number of lines. A numeric prefix argument may be - used to change the number of desired lines. If there is no - region, but you specify a prefix argument, the current field is - made blank, and the content is appended to the field above. - - #+kindex: M-RET - #+findex: org-table-wrap-region -*** Calculations - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Sum and copy - :END: -#+cindex: formula, in tables -#+cindex: calculations, in tables -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient mark mode - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c +)}}}, ~org-table-sum~ :: Sum the numbers in the current - column, or in the rectangle defined by the active region. The - result is shown in the echo area and can be inserted with - {{{kbd(C-y)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-c + - #+findex: org-table-sum -- {{{kbdkey(S-,RET)}}}, ~org-table-copy-down~ :: When current field is - empty, copy from first non-empty field above. When not empty, - copy current field down to next row and move cursor along with - it. Depending on the variable ~org-table-copy-increment~, - integer field values will be incremented during copy. Integers - that are too large will not be incremented. Also, a ~0~ prefix - argument temporarily disables the increment. This key is also - used by shift-selection and related modes (see [[Conflicts]]). - - #+kindex: S-RET - #+findex: org-table-copy-down - #+vindex: org-table-copy-increment - -*** Misc - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Some other useful operations - :END: -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c `)}}}, ~org-table-edit-field~ :: Edit the current field in - a separate window. This is useful for fields that are not fully - visible (see [[Column width and alignment]]). When called with a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that - it can be edited in place. When called with two {{{kbd(C-u)}}} - prefixes, make the editor window follow the cursor through the - table and always show the current field. The follow mode exits - automatically when the cursor leaves the table, or when you - repeat this command with {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c `)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-c ` - #+findex: org-table-edit-field -- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-import)}}} :: Import a file as a table. The - table should be TAB or whitespace separated. Use, for example, - to import a spreadsheet table or data from a database, because - these programs generally can write TAB-separated text files. - This command works by inserting the file into the buffer and then - converting the region to a table. Any prefix argument is passed - on to the converter, which uses it to determine the separator. - -- {{{kbd(C-c |)}}}, ~org-table-create-or-convert-from-region~ :: Tables - can also be imported by pasting tabular text into the Org buffer, - selecting the pasted text with {{{kbd(C-x C-x)}}} and then using - the {{{kbd(C-c |)}}} command (see [[Creation and conversion]]). - - #+kindex: C-c | - #+findex: org-table-create-or-convert-from-region -- {{{kbd(M-x org-table-export)}}} :: Export the table, by default as a - TAB-separated file. Use for data exchange with, for example, - spreadsheet or database programs. The format used to export the - file can be configured in the variable - ~org-table-export-default-format~. You may also use properties - ~TABLE_EXPORT_FILE~ and ~TABLE_EXPORT_FORMAT~ to specify the file - name and the format for table export in a subtree. Org supports - quite general formats for exported tables. The exporter format - is the same as the format used by Orgtbl radio tables, see - [[Translator functions], for a detailed description. - - #+findex: org-table-export - #+vindex: org-table-export-default-format - -If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your -way on lines which you would like to start with {{{samp(|)}}}, you can -turn it off with - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-enable-table-editor nil) -#+end_src - - -{{{noindent}}} Then the only table command that still works is -{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} to do a manual re-align. - -** Column width and alignment - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Overrule the automatic settings - :END: -#+cindex: narrow columns in tables -#+cindex: alignment in tables - -The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor. -And also the alignment of a column is determined automatically from -the fraction of number-like versus non-number fields in the column. - -Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text, -leading to inconveniently wide columns. Or maybe you want to make a -table with several columns having a fixed width, regardless of -content. To set the width of a column, one field anywhere in the -column may contain just the string ~<N>~ where ~N~ -is an integer specifying the width of the column in characters.[fn:23] -The next re-align will then set the width of this column to this -value. - -#+begin_example - |---+------------------------------| |---+--------| - | | | | | <6> | - | 1 | one | | 1 | one | - | 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two | - | 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> | - | 4 | four | | 4 | four | - |---+------------------------------| |---+--------| -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the -string {{{samp(=>)}}}. Note that the full text is still in the buffer -but is hidden. To see the full text, hold the mouse over the -field---a tool-tip window will show the full content. To edit such a -field, use the command {{{kbd(C-c `)}}} (that is {{{kbd(C-c)}}} -followed by the backquote). This will open a new window with the full -field. Edit it and finish with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}. - -#+vindex: org-startup-align-all-tables - -When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the -necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs -to be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option -~org-startup-align-all-tables~ will realign all tables in a file upon -visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option on -a per-file basis with: - -#+begin_src org - ,#+STARTUP: align - ,#+STARTUP: noalign -#+end_src - -If you would like to overrule the automatic alignment of number-rich -columns to the right and of string-rich columns to the left, you can -use ~<r>~, ~<c>~ or ~<l>~ in a similar fashion.[fn:24] You may also -combine alignment and field width like this: ~<l10>~. - -A line that only contains these formatting cookies will be removed -automatically when exporting the document. - -** Column groups - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Grouping to trigger vertical lines - :END: -#+cindex: grouping columns in tables - -When Org exports tables, it does so by default without vertical lines -because that is visually more satisfying in general. Occasionally -however, vertical lines can be useful to structure a table into groups -of columns, much like horizontal lines can do for groups of rows. In -order to specify column groups, you can use a special row where the -first field contains only {{{samp(/)}}}. The further fields can either -contain ~<~ to indicate that this column should start a group, -~>~ to indicate the end of a column, or ~<>~ (no space -between ~<~ and ~>~) to make a column a group of its own. Boundaries -between column groups will upon export be marked with vertical lines. -Here is an example: - -#+begin_src org - | N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) | - |---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| - | / | < | | > | < | > | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 1.4142 | 1.1892 | - | 3 | 9 | 27 | 81 | 1.7321 | 1.3161 | - |---+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| - ,#+TBLFM: $2=$1^2::$3=$1^3::$4=$1^4::$5=sqrt($1)::$6=sqrt(sqrt(($1))) -#+end_src - -It is also sufficient to just insert the column group starters after -every vertical line you would like to have: - -#+begin_src org - | N | N^2 | N^3 | N^4 | sqrt(n) | sqrt[4](N) | - |----+-----+-----+-----+---------+------------| - | / | < | | | < | | -#+end_src - -** The Orgtbl mode minor mode - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The table editor as minor mode - :ALT_TITLE: Ogtbl mode - :END: -#+cindex: Orgtbl mode -#+cindex: minor mode for tables - -If you like the intuitive way the Org table editor works, you might -also want to use it in other modes like Text mode or Mail mode. The -minor mode Orgtbl mode makes this possible. You can always toggle the -mode with {{{kbd(M-x orgtbl-mode)}}}. To turn it on by default, for -example in Message mode, use - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(add-hook 'message-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl) -#+end_src - -Furthermore, with some special setup, it is possible to maintain -tables in arbitrary syntax with Orgtbl mode. For example, it is -possible to construct LaTeX tables with the underlying ease and -power of Orgtbl mode, including spreadsheet capabilities. For -details, see [[Tables in arbitrary syntax]]. - -** The spreadsheet - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities - :END: -#+cindex: calculations, in tables -#+cindex: spreadsheet capabilities -#+cindex: @file{calc} package - -The table editor makes use of the Emacs {{{file(calc)}}} package to -implement spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs -Lisp forms to derive fields from other fields. While fully featured, -Org's implementation is not identical to other spreadsheets. For -example, Org knows the concept of a /column formula/ that will be -applied to all non-header fields in a column without having to copy -the formula to each relevant field. There is also a formula debugger, -and a formula editor with features for highlighting fields in the -table corresponding to the references at the point in the formula, -moving these references by arrow keys - -*** References - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to refer to another field or range - :END: -#+cindex: references - -To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must -reference other fields or ranges. In Org, fields can be referenced by -name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find -out what the coordinates of a field are, press {{{kbd(C-c ?)}}} in -that field, or press {{{kbd(C-c })}}} to toggle the display of a -grid. - -**** Field references - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Refer to a particular field - :END: -#+cindex: field references -#+cindex: references, to fields - -Formulas can reference the value of another field in two ways. Like -in any other spreadsheet, you may reference fields with a -letter/number combination like ~B3~, meaning the 2nd field in the 3rd -row. - -#+vindex: org-table-use-standard-references -However, Org prefers to use another, more general representation that -looks like this:[fn:25] - -#+begin_example - @ROW$COLUMN -#+end_example - -Column specifications can be absolute like ~$1~, ~$2~, ..., ~$N~, or -relative to the current column (i.e., the column of the field which is -being computed) like ~$+1~ or ~$-2~. ~$<~ and ~$>~ are immutable -references to the first and last column, respectively, and you can use -~$>>>~ to indicate the third column from the right. - -The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal -separator lines (hlines). Like with columns, you can use absolute row -numbers ~@1~, ~@2~, ..., ~@N~, and row numbers relative to the current -row like ~@+3~ or ~@-1~. ~@<~ and ~@>~ are immutable references the -first and last row in the table, respectively.[fn:26] You may also -specify the row relative to one of the hlines: ~@I~ refers to the -first hline, ~@II~ to the second, etc. ~@-I~ refers to the first such -line above the current line, ~@+I~ to the first such line below the -current line. You can also write ~@III+2~ which is the second data -line after the third hline in the table. - -~@0~ and ~$0~ refer to the current row and column, respectively, i.e., -to the row/column for the field being computed. Also, if you omit -either the column or the row part of the reference, the current -row/column is implied. - -Org's references with /unsigned/ numbers are fixed references in the -sense that if you use the same reference in the formula for two -different fields, the same field will be referenced each time. Org's -references with /signed/ numbers are floating references because the -same reference operator can reference different fields depending on -the field being calculated by the formula. - -Here are a few examples: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - @2$3 :: 2nd row, 3rd column (same as ~C2~) - - $5 :: column 5 in the current row (same as ~E&~) - - @2 :: current column, row 2 - - @-1$-3 :: the field one row up, three columns to the left - - @-I$2 :: field just under hline above current row, column 2 - - @>$5 :: field in the last row, in column 5 - -**** Range references - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Refer to a range of fields - :END: -#+cindex: range references -#+cindex: references, to ranges - -You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two -field references connected by two dots ~..~. If both fields are in -the current row, you may simply use ~$2..$7~, but if at least one -field is in a different row, you need to use the general ~@row$column~ -format at least for the first field (i.e., the reference must start -with ~@~ in order to be interpreted correctly). Examples: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - $1..$3 :: first three fields in the current row - - $P..$Q :: range, using column names (see under Advanced) - - $<<<..$>> :: start in third column, continue to the one but last - - @2$1..@4$3 :: six fields between these two fields (same as - ~A2..C4~) - - @-1$-2..@-1 :: three numbers from the column to the left, 2 up to - current row - - @I..II :: between first and second hline, short for ~@I..@II~ - - -{{{noindent}}} Range references return a vector of values that can be -fed into Calc vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally -suppressed, so that the vector contains only the non-empty fields (but -see the ~E~ mode switch below). If there are no non-empty fields, -~[0]~ is returned to avoid syntax errors in formulas. - -**** Field coordinates in formulas - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Refer to fields in Lisp or Calc - :END: -#+cindex: field coordinates -#+cindex: coordinates, of field -#+cindex: row, of field coordinates -#+cindex: column, of field coordinates - -For Calc formulas and Lisp formulas ~@#~ and ~$#~ can be used to get -the row or column number of the field where the formula result goes. -The traditional Lisp formula equivalents are ~org-table-current-dline~ -and ~org-table-current-column~. Examples: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - if(@# % 2, $#, string("")) :: column number on odd lines only - - $3 = remote(FOO, @#$2) :: copy column 2 from table FOO into - column 3 of the current table - -{{{noindent}}} For the second example, table FOO must have at least as -many rows as the current table. Note that this is inefficient for -large number of rows.[fn:27] - -**** Named references - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Name columns or constants - :END: -#+cindex: named references -#+cindex: references, named -#+cindex: name, of column or field -#+cindex: constants, in calculations -#+cindex: #+CONSTANTS -#+vindex: org-table-formula-constants - -{{{samp($name)}}} is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or -constant. Constants are defined globally through the variable -~org-table-formula-constants~, and locally (for the file) through a -line like this example: - -#+begin_src org - ,#+CONSTANTS: c=299792458. pi=3.14 eps=2.4e-6 -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} -#+vindex: constants-unit-system -#+pindex: constants.el - -Also, properties (see [[Properties and columns]]) can be used as constants -in table formulas: for a property ~:Xyz:~ use the name ~$PROP_Xyz~, -and the property will be searched in the current outline entry and in -the hierarchy above it. If you have the {{{file(constants.el)}}} -package, it will also be used to resolve constants, including natural -constants like ~$h~ for Planck's constant, and units like ~$km~ for -kilometers. Column names and parameters can be specified in special -table lines. These are described in the section, [[Advanced features]]. -All names must start with a letter, and further consist of letters and -numbers.[fn:175] - -**** Remote references - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Refer to information in other tables - :END: -#+cindex: remote references -#+cindex: references, remote -#+cindex: references, to a different table -#+cindex: name, of column or field -#+cindex: constants, in calculations -#+cindex: #+TBLNAME - -You may also reference constants, fields and ranges from a different -table, either in the current file or even in a different file. The -syntax is - -#+begin_example - remote(NAME-OR-ID,REF) -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} where NAME can be the name of a table in the current -file as set by a ~#+TBLNAME: NAME~ line before the table. It can also -be the ID of an entry, even in a different file, and the reference -then refers to the first table in that entry. REF is an absolute field -or range reference as described above for example ~@3$3~ or -~$somename~, valid in the referenced table. - -*** Formula syntax for Calc - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Using Calc to compute stuff - :END: -#+cindex: formula syntax, Calc -#+cindex: syntax, of formulas - -A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs -{{{file(Calc)}}} package.[fn:28] Before evaluation by ~calc-eval~ (see -[[info:calc#Calling Calc from Your Programs][Calling Calc from Your Lisp Programs]]), variable substitution takes -place according to the rules described above. - -#+cindex: vectors, in table calculations -The range vectors can be directly fed into the Calc vector functions -like ~vmean~ and ~vsum~. - -#+cindex: format specifier -#+cindex: mode, for @file{calc} -#+vindex: org-calc-default-modes - -A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This -string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during -execution. By default, Org uses the standard Calc modes (precision -12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). The -display format, however, has been changed to ~(float 8)~ to keep -tables compact. The default settings can be configured using the -variable ~org-calc-default-modes~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - p20 :: set the internal Calc calculation precision to 20 digits - - n3 s3 e2 f4 :: normal, scientific, engineering, or fixed format of - the result of Calc passed back to Org. Calc - formatting is unlimited in precision as long as the - Calc calculation precision is greater. - - D R :: angle modes: degrees, radians - - F S :: fraction and symbolic modes - - N :: interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers - - E :: keep empty fields in ranges - - L :: literal - -{{{noindent}}} Unless you use large integer numbers or -high-precision-calculation and -display for floating point numbers you -may alternatively provide a ~printf~ format specifier to reformat the -Calc result after it has been passed back to Org instead of letting -Calc already do the formatting.[fn:29] A few examples: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - $1+$2 :: Sum of first and second field - - $1+$2;%.2f :: Same, format result to two decimals - - exp($2)+exp($1) :: Math functions can be used - - $0;%.1f :: Reformat current cell to 1 decimal - - ($3-32)*5/9 :: Degrees F -> C conversion - - $c/$1/$cm :: Hz -> cm conversion, using - {{{file(constants.el)}}} - - tan($1);Dp3s1 :: Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1 - - sin($1);Dp3%.1e :: Same, but use ~printf~ specifier for display - - vmean($2..$7) :: Compute column range mean, using vector - function - - vmean($2..$7);EN :: Same, but treat empty fields as 0 - - taylor($3,x=7,2) :: Taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree - -Calc also contains a complete set of logical operations. For example - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - if($1<20,teen,string("")) :: "teen" if age $1 less than 20, else empty - - -Note that you can also use two org-specific flags ~T~ and ~t~ for -durations computations [[Duration and time values]]. - -You can add your own Calc functions defined in Emacs Lisp with -~defmath~ and use them in formula syntax for Calc. - -*** Emacs Lisp forms as formulas - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp - :ALT_TITLE: Formula syntax for Lisp - :END: -#+cindex: Lisp forms, as table formulas - -It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp. This can be -useful for string manipulation and control structures, if Calc's -functionality is not enough. - -If a formula starts with a single-quote followed by an opening -parenthesis, then it is evaluated as a Lisp form. The evaluation -should return either a string or a number. Just as with -{{{file(calc)}}} formulas, you can specify modes and a printf format -after a semicolon. - -With Emacs Lisp forms, you need to be conscious about the way field -references are interpolated into the form. By default, a reference -will be interpolated as a Lisp string (in double-quotes) containing -the field. If you provide the {{{samp(N)}}} mode switch, all -referenced elements will be numbers (non-number fields will be zero) -and interpolated as Lisp numbers, without quotes. If you provide the -{{{samp(L)}}} flag, all fields will be interpolated literally, without -quotes. I.e., if you want a reference to be interpreted as a string by -the Lisp form, enclose the reference operator itself in double-quotes, -like ~"$3"~. Ranges are inserted as space-separated fields, so you can -embed them in list or vector syntax. - -Here are a few examples---note how the {{{samp(N)}}} mode is used when -we do computations in Lisp. - -Swap the first two characters of the content of column 1: -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - '(concat (substring $1 1 2) (substring $1 0 1) (substring $1 2)) -#+end_src - -Add columns 1 and 2, equivalent to Calc's ~$1+$2~: -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - '(+ $1 $2);N -#+end_src - -Compute the sum of columns 1-4, like Calc's ~vsum($1..$4)~}: -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - '(apply '+ '($1..$4));N -#+end_src - -*** Duration and time values - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to compute duration and time values - :END: -#+cindex: Duration, computing -#+cindex: Time, computing -#+vindex: org-table-duration-custom-format - -If you want to compute time values use the ~T~ flag, either in Calc -formulas or Elisp formulas: - -#+begin_example - | Task 1 | Task 2 | Total | - |---------+----------+----------| - | 2:12 | 1:47 | 03:59:00 | - | 3:02:20 | -2:07:00 | 0.92 | - #+TBLFM: @2$3=$1+$2;T::@3$3=$1+$2;t -#+end_example - -Input duration values must be of the form ~[HH:MM[:SS]~, where seconds -are optional. With the ~T~ flag, computed durations will be displayed -as ~HH:MM:SS~ (see the first formula above). With the ~t~ flag, -computed durations will be displayed according to the value of the -variable ~org-table-duration-custom-format~, which defaults to -~'hours~ and will display the result as a fraction of hours (see the -second formula in the example above). - -Negative duration values can be manipulated as well, and integers will -be considered as seconds in addition and subtraction. - -*** Field and range formulas - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Formulas for specific (ranges of) fields - :END: -#+cindex: field formula -#+cindex: range formula -#+cindex: formula, for individual table field -#+cindex: formula, for range of fields - -To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the -field, preceded by ~:=~, for example ~vsum(@II..III)~. When you press -{{{key(TAB)}}} or {{{key(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the cursor -still in the field, the formula will be stored as the formula for this -field, evaluated, and the current field will be replaced with the -result. - -#+cindex: #+TBLFM -Formulas are stored in a special line starting with ~#+TBLFM:~ -directly below the table. If you type the equation in the fourth field -of the third data line in the table, the formula will look like -~@3$4=$1+$2~. When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows with -the appropriate commands, /absolute references/ (but not relative -ones) in stored formulas are modified in order to still reference the -same field. To avoid this from happening, in particular in range -references, anchor ranges at the table borders (using ~@<~, ~@>~, -~$<~, ~$>~), or at hlines using the ~@I~ notation. Automatic -adaptation of field references does of course not happen if you edit -the table structure with normal editing commands---then you must fix -the equations yourself. - -Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the -following command - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-u C-c =)}}}, ~org-table-eval-formula~ :: Install a new - formula for the current field. The command prompts for a - formula with default taken from the {{{samp(#+TBLFM:)}}} line, - applies it to the current field, and stores it. - - #+kindex: C-u C-c = - #+findex: org-table-eval-formula -The left-hand side of a formula can also be a special expression in -order to assign the formula to a number of different fields. There is -no keyboard shortcut to enter such range formulas. To add them, use -the formula editor (see [[Editing and debugging formulas]]) or edit the -~#+TBLFM:~ line directly. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - $2= :: Column formula, valid for the entire column. This is so - common that Org treats these formulas in a special way, see - [[Column formulas]]. - - @3= :: Row formula, applies to all fields in the specified row. - ~@@>=~ means the last row. - - @1$2..@4$3= :: Range formula, applies to all fields in the given - rectangular range. This can also be used to - assign a formula to some but not all fields in a - row. - - $name= :: Named field, see [[Advanced features]]. - -*** Column formulas - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Formulas valid for an entire column - :END: -#+cindex: column formula -#+cindex: formula, for table column - -When you assign a formula to a simple column reference like ~$3=~, the -same formula will be used in all fields of that column, with the -following very convenient exceptions: - - - If the table contains horizontal separator hlines with rows above - and below, everything before the first such hline is considered - part of the table /header/ and will not be modified by column - formulas. Therefore a header is mandatory when you use column - formulas and want to add hlines to group rows, like for example - to separate a total row at the bottom from the summand rows - above. - - - Fields that already get a value from a field/range formula will - be left alone by column formulas. These conditions make column - formulas very easy to use. - -To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in -the column, preceded by an equal sign, like {{{samp(=$1+$2)}}}. When -you press {{{key(TAB)}}} or {{{key(RET)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with -the cursor still in the field, the formula will be stored as the -formula for the current column, evaluated and the current field -replaced with the result. If the field contains only {{{samp(=)}}}, -the previously stored formula for this column is used. For each -column, Org will only remember the most recently used formula. In the -{{{samp(#+TBLFM:)}}} line, column formulas will look like -{{{samp($4=$1+$2)}}}. The left-hand side of a column formula can not -be the name of column, it must be the numeric column reference or -~$>~. - -Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the -following command: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c =)}}}, ~org-table-eval-formula~ :: Install a new formula - for the current column and replace current field with the - result of the formula. The command prompts for a formula, with - default taken from the {{{samp(#+TBLFM)}}} line, applies it to - the current field and stores it. With a numeric prefix - argument(e.g., {{{kbd(C-5 C-c =)}}}) the command will apply it - to that many consecutive fields in the current column. - - #+kindex: C-c = - #+findex: org-table-eval-formula -*** Lookup functions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Lookup functions for searching tables - :END: -#+cindex: lookup functions in tables -#+cindex: table lookup functions - -Org has three predefined Emacs Lisp functions for lookups in tables. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - (org-lookup-first VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE) :: Searches - for the first element ~S~ in list ~S-LIST~ for which - - #+findex: org-lookup-first - - #+header: :exports code - #+header: :eval no - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (PREDICATE VAL S) - #+end_src - is ~t~; returns the value from the corresponding position in - list ~R-LIST~. The default ~PREDICATE~ is ~equal~. Note that - the parameters ~VAL~ and ~S~ are passed to ~PREDICATE~ in the - same order as the correspoding parameters are in the call to - ~org-lookup-first~, where ~VAL~ precedes ~S-LIST~. If ~R-LIST~ - is ~nil~, the matching element ~S~ of ~S-LIST~ is returned. - - (org-lookup-last VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE) :: Similar - to ~org-lookup-first~ above, but searches for the /last/ - element for which ~PREDICATE~ is ~t~. - - #+findex: org-lookup-last - - (org-lookup-all VAL S-LIST R-LIST &optional PREDICATE) :: Similar - to ~org-lookup-first~, but searches for /all/ elements for - which ~PREDICATE~ is ~t~, and returns /all/ corresponding - values. This function can not be used by itself in a formula, - because it returns a list of values. However, powerful lookups - can be built when this function is combined with other Emacs - Lisp functions. - - #+findex: org-lookup-all - -If the ranges used in these functions contain empty fields, the ~E~ -mode for the formula should usually be specified: otherwise empty -fields will not be included in ~S-LIST~ and/or ~R-LIST~ which can, for -example, result in an incorrect mapping from an element of ~S-LIST~ to -the corresponding element of ~R-LIST~. - -These three functions can be used to implement associative arrays, -count matching cells, rank results, group data, etc. For practical -examples see [[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-lookups.html][this tutorial on Worg]]. - -*** Editing and debugging formulas - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Fixing formulas - :END: -#+cindex: formula editing -#+cindex: editing, of table formulas - -#+vindex: org-table-use-standard-references You can edit -individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the field. Org -can also prepare a special buffer with all active formulas of a table. -When offering a formula for editing, Org converts references to the -standard format (like ~B3~ or ~D&~) if possible. If you prefer to -only work with the internal format (like ~@3$2~ or ~$4~), configure -the variable ~org-table-use-standard-references~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c =)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-c =)}}}, ~org-table-eval-formula~ :: - - Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the - minibuffer. See [[Column formulas]], and [[Field and range formulas]]. - - #+kindex: C-c = - #+kindex: C-u C-c = - #+findex: org-table-eval-formula - - {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c =)}}}, ~org-table-eval-formula~ :: Re-insert the - active formula (either a field formula, or a column formula) - into the current field, so that you can edit it directly in the - field. The advantage over editing in the minibuffer is that - you can use the command {{{kbd(C-c ?)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c = - #+findex: org-table-eval-formula - - - {{{kbd(C-c ?)}}}, ~org-table-field-info~ :: While editing a formula - in a table field, highlight the field(s) referenced by the - reference at the cursor position in the formula. - - #+kindex: C-c ? - #+findex: org-table-field-info - - - {{{kbd(C-c })}}}, ~org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays~ :: Toggle - the display of row and column numbers for a table, using - overlays ({{{command(org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays)}}}). - These are updated each time the table is aligned; you can force - it with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}. - - #+kindex: C-c @} - #+findex: org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays - - - {{{kbd(C-c {)}}}, ~org-table-toggle-formula-debugger~ :: Toggle - the formula debugger on and off. See below. - - #+kindex: C-c @{ - #+findex: org-table-toggle-formula-debugger - - - {{{kbd(C-c ')}}}, ~org-table-edit-formulas~ :: Edit all formulas - for the current table in a special buffer, where the formulas - will be displayed one per line. If the current field has an - active formula, the cursor in the formula editor will mark it. - While inside the special buffer, Org will automatically - highlight any field or range reference at the cursor position. - You may edit, remove and add formulas, and use the following - commands: - - #+kindex: C-c ' - #+findex: org-table-edit-formulas - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-x C-s)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-finish~ :: - - Exit the formula editor and store the modified formulas. With - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, also apply the new formulas to the - entire table. - - #+kindex: C-x C-s - #+kindex: C-c C-c - #+findex: org-table-fedit-finish - - {{{kbd(C-c C-q)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-abort~ :: Exit the formula - editor without installing changes. - - #+kindex: C-c C-q - #+findex: org-table-fedit-abort - - {{{kbd(C-c C-r)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type~ :: Toggle all - references in the formula editor between standard (like ~B3~) - and internal (like ~@3$2~). - - #+kindex: C-c C-r - #+findex: org-table-fedit-toggle-ref-type - - {{{key(TAB)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-lisp-indent~ :: Pretty-print or - indent Lisp formula at point. When in a line containing a Lisp - formula, format the formula according to Emacs Lisp rules. - Another {{{key(TAB)}}} collapses the formula back again. In - the open formula, {{{key(TAB)}}} re-indents just like in Emacs - Lisp mode. - - #+kindex: TAB - #+findex: org-table-fedit-lisp-indent - - {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}}, ~lisp-complete-symbol~ :: Complete Lisp - symbols, just like in Emacs Lisp mode. - - #+kindex: M-TAB - #+findex: lisp-complete-symbol - - {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}}/{{{key(down)}}}/{{{key(left)}}}/{{{key(right)}}} :: Shift - the reference at point. For example, if the reference is ~B3~ - and you press {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}}, it will become ~C3~. - This also works for relative references and for hline - references. - - #+kindex: S-up - #+kindex: S-down - #+kindex: S-left - #+kindex: S-right - #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-up - #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-down - #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-left - #+findex: org-table-fedit-ref-right - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,up)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-line-up~ :: - - Move the test line for column formulas up in the Org buffer. - - #+kindex: M-S-up - #+findex: org-table-fedit-line-up - - - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,down)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-line-down~ :: - - Move the test line for column formulas down in the Org buffer. - - #+kindex: M-S-down - #+findex: org-table-fedit-line-down - - - {{{kbdkey(M-,up)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-scroll-up~ :: - - Scroll up the window displaying the table. - - #+kindex: M-up - #+findex: org-table-fedit-scroll-up - - - {{{kbdkey(M-,down)}}}, ~org-table-fedit-scroll-down~ :: - - Scroll down the window displaying the table. - - #+kindex: M-down - #+findex: org-table-fedit-scroll-down - - - {{{kbd(C-c })}}} :: Turn the coordinate grid in the table on and - off. - - #+kindex: C-c @@ - #+findex: org-table-toggle-coordinate-overlays - -Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated with -the field, because that is stored in a different line (the -{{{samp(#+TBLFM)}}} line)---during the next recalculation the field -will be filled again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to -give an empty reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the -{{{samp(#+TBLFM)}}} line. - -#+kindex: C-c C-c -You may edit the {{{samp(#+TBLFM)}}} directly and re-apply the changed -equations with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} in that line or with the normal -recalculation commands in the table. - -*** Debugging formulas - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Help fixing formulas - :END: - -#+cindex: formula debugging -#+cindex: debugging, of table formulas - -When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content -becomes the string {{{samp(#ERROR)}}}. If you would like see what is -going on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find -a bug, turn on formula debugging in the ~Tbl~ menu and repeat the -calculation, for example by pressing {{{kbdspckey(C-u C-u C-c =,RET)}}} -in a field. Detailed information will be displayed. - -*** Updating the table - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Recomputing all dependent fields - :END: -#+cindex: recomputing table fields -#+cindex: updating, table - -Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be -triggered by a command. See [[Advanced features]], for a way to make -recalculation at least semi-automatic. - -In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use the -following commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c *)}}}, ~org-table-recalculate~ :: Recalculate the - current row by first applying the stored column formulas from - left to right, and all field/range formulas in the current row. - - #+kindex: C-c * - #+findex: org-table-recalculate - - {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-c)}}} :: Recompute the - entire table, line by line. Any lines before the first hline - are left alone, assuming that these are part of the table - header. - - #+kindex: C-u C-c * - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-c - - {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c *)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-table-iterate~ :: - - Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes - occur. This may be necessary if some computed fields use the - value of other fields that are computed /later/ in the - calculation sequence. - - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c * - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-c - #+findex: org-table-iterate - - {{{kbd(M-x org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables)}}} :: Recompute - all tables in the current buffer. - - #+findex: org-table-recalculate-buffer-tables - - {{{kbd(M-x org-table-iterate-buffer-tables)}}} :: Iterate all - tables in the current buffer, in order to converge - table-to-table dependencies. - - #+findex: org-table-iterate-buffer-tables -*** Advanced features - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Field and column names, parameters, and automatic recalc - :END: -If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if -you want to be able to assign /names/ to fields and columns, -you need to reserve the first column of the table for special marking -characters.[fn:30] - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-#)}}}, ~org-table-rotate-recalc-marks~ :: Rotate the - calculation mark in first column through the states {{{samp( )}}}, {{{samp(#)}}}, {{{samp(*)}}}, {{{samp(!)}}}, - {{{samp($)}}}. When there is an active region, change all - marks in the region. - - #+kindex: C-# - #+findex: org-table-rotate-recalc-marks -Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students -and makes use of these features: - -#+begin_src org - |---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| - | | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note | - |---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| - | ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | | - | # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 | - | ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | | - |---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| - | # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 | - | # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 | - |---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| - | | Average | | | | 25.0 | | - | ^ | | | | | at | | - | $ | max=50 | | | | | | - |---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------| - ,#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@-II..@-I);%.1f -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} Important: please note that for these special tables, -recalculating the table with {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}} will only affect -rows that are marked ~#~ or ~*~, and fields that -have a formula assigned to the field itself. The column formulas are -not applied in rows with empty first field. - -#+cindex: marking characters, tables -The marking characters have the following meaning: -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @samp - - ! :: The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that - you may refer to a column as {{{samp($Tot)}}} instead of - {{{samp($6)}}}. - - ^ :: This row defines names for the fields @emph{above} the row. - With such a definition, any formula in the table may use - {{{samp($m1)}}} to refer to the value {{{samp(10)}}}. Also, - if you assign a formula to a names field, it will be stored - as ~$name= ...~. - - _ :: Similar to {{{samp(^)}}}, but defines names for the fields in - the row /below/. - - $ :: Fields in this row can define /parameters/ for formulas. For - example, if a field in a {{{samp($)}}} row contains - {{{samp(max=50)}}}, then formulas in this table can refer to - the value 50 using {{{samp($max)}}}. Parameters work exactly - like constants, only that they can be defined on a per-table - basis. - - # :: Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when - pressing {{{key(TAB)}}} or {{{key(RET)}}} or - {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} in this row. Also, this row is selected - for a global recalculation with {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}}. - Unmarked lines will be left alone by this command. - - * :: Selects this line for global recalculation with {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}}, but not for automatic recalculation. Use this - when automatic recalculation slows down editing too much. - - \nbsp :: Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with {{{kbd(C-u C-c *)}}}. All lines that should be recalculated should be - marked with ~#~ or ~*~. - - / :: Do not export this line. Useful for lines that contain the - narrowing ~<N>~ markers or column group markers. - - -Finally, just to whet your appetite for what can be done with the -fantastic {{{file(calc.el)}}} package, here is a table that computes -the Taylor series of degree ~n~ at location ~x~ for a couple of -functions. - -#+begin_src org - |---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| - | | Func | n | x | Result | - |---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| - | # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x | - | # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 | - | # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 | - | # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 | - | # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 | - | * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 | - |---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------| - ,#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3 -#+end_src - -** Org-Plot - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Plotting from Org tables - :END: -#+cindex: graph, in tables -#+cindex: plot tables using Gnuplot -#+cindex: #+PLOT - -Org-Plot can produce 2D and 3D graphs of information stored in org -tables using [[http://www.gnuplot.info/][Gnuplot]] and [[http://cars9.uchicago.edu/~ravel/software/gnuplot-mode.html][gnuplot-mode]]. To see this in action, ensure -that you have both Gnuplot and Gnuplot-mode installed on your system, -then call ~org-plot/gnuplot~ on the following table. - -#+begin_src org - ,#+PLOT: title:"Citas" ind:1 deps:(3) type:2d with:histograms set:"yrange [0:]" - | Sede | Max cites | H-index | - |-----------+-----------+---------| - | Chile | 257.72 | 21.39 | - | Leeds | 165.77 | 19.68 | - | Sao Paolo | 71.00 | 11.50 | - | Stockholm | 134.19 | 14.33 | - | Morels | 257.56 | 17.67 | -#+end_src - -Notice that Org Plot is smart enough to apply the table's headers as -labels. Further control over the labels, type, content, and appearance -of plots can be exercised through the ~#+PLOT:~ lines preceding a -table. See below for a complete list of Org-plot options. For more -information and examples see the [[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-plot.html][Org-plot tutorial]]. - -Org-Plot recognizes the following options: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code - - set :: Specify any {{{command(gnuplot)}}} option to be set when - graphing. - - title :: Specify the title of the plot. - - ind :: Specify which column of the table to use as the ~x~ axis. - - deps :: Specify the columns to graph as a Lisp style list, - surrounded by parentheses and separated by spaces for - example ~dep:(3 4)~ to graph the third and fourth columns - (defaults to graphing all other columns aside from the - ~ind~ column). - - type :: Specify whether the plot will be ~2d~, ~3d~, or ~grid~. - - with :: Specify a ~with~ option to be inserted for every col being - plotted (e.g., ~lines~, ~points~, ~boxes~, ~impulses~, - etc.). Defaults to ~lines~. - - file :: If you want to plot to a file, specify - ~"{path/to/desired/output-file}"~. - - labels :: List of labels to be used for the ~deps~ (defaults to - the column headers if they exist). - - line :: Specify an entire line to be inserted in the Gnuplot - script. - - map :: When plotting ~3d~ or ~grid~ types, set this to ~t~ to - graph a flat mapping rather than a ~3d~ slope. - - timefmt :: Specify format of Org mode timestamps as they will be - parsed by Gnuplot. Defaults to - {{{samp(%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S)}}}. - - script :: If you want total control, you can specify a script file - (place the file name between double-quotes) which will - be used to plot. Before plotting, every instance of - ~$datafile~ in the specified script will be replaced - with the path to the generated data file. Note: even if - you set this option, you may still want to specify the - plot type, as that can impact the content of the data - file. - -* Hyperlinks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Notes in context - :ORDERED: t - :END: -#+cindex: hyperlinks - -Like HTML, Org provides links inside a file, external links to -other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more. - -** Link format - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How links in Org are formatted - :END: -#+cindex: link format -#+cindex: format, of links - -Org will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as clickable -links. The general link format, however, looks like this: - -#+begin_src org - [[link][description]] or [[link]] -#+end_src - - -{{{noindent}}} Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets -present), Org will change the display so that {{{samp(description)}}} -is displayed instead of ~[[link][description]]~ and {{{samp(link)}}} -is displayed instead of ~[[link]]~. Links will be highlighted -in the face ~org-link~, which by default is an underlined face. You -can directly edit the visible part of a link. Note that this can be -either the {{{samp(link)}}} part (if there is no description) or the -{{{samp(description)}}} part. To edit also the invisible -{{{samp(link)}}} part, use {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} with the cursor on the -link. - -If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of the -displayed text and press {{{key(BACKSPACE)}}}, you will remove the -(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete -and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the -missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show the internal -structure of all links, use the menu entry ~Org->Hyperlinks->Literal -links~. - -** Internal links - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Links to other places in the current file - :END: -#+cindex: internal links -#+cindex: links, internal -#+cindex: targets, for links -#+cindex: property, CUSTOM_ID - -If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal -in the current file. The most important case is a link like -~[[#my-custom-id]]~ which will link to the entry with the -~CUSTOM_ID~ property {{{samp(my-custom-id)}}}. Such custom IDs are -very good for HTML export (see [[HTML export]]) where they produce pretty -section links. You are responsible yourself to make sure these custom -IDs are unique in a file. - -Links such as the two in the following example: - -#+begin_example - [[My Target]] or [[My Target][Find my target]] -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} lead to a text search in the current file. - -The link can be followed with {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} when the cursor is on -the link, or with a mouse click (see [[Handling links]]). Links to custom -IDs will point to the corresponding headline. The preferred match for -a text link is a /dedicated target/: the same string in double angular -brackets. Targets may be located anywhere; sometimes it is convenient -to put them into a comment line. For example - -#+begin_src org - # <<My Target>> -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} In HTML export (see [[HTML export]]), such targets will -become named anchors for direct access through {{{samp(http)}}} -links.[fn:31] - -If no dedicated target exists, Org will search for a headline that is -exactly the link text but may also include a TODO keyword and -tags.[fn:32] In non-Org files, the search will look for the words in -the link text. In the above example the search would be for ~my target~. - -Following a link pushes a mark onto Org's own mark ring. You can -return to the previous position with {{{kbd(C-c &)}}}. Using this -command several times in direct succession goes back to positions -recorded earlier. - -** Radio targets - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Automatically create internal links - :END: -#+cindex: radio targets -#+cindex: targets, radio -#+cindex: links, radio targets - -Org can automatically turn any occurrences of certain target names in -normal text into a link. So without explicitly creating a link, the -text connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are -enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target -~<<<My Target>>>~ causes each occurrence of ~my target~ in -normal text to become activated as a link. The Org file is scanned -automatically for radio targets only when the file is first loaded -into Emacs. To update the target list during editing, press -{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the cursor on or at a target. - -** External links - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: URL-like links to the world - :END: -#+cindex: links, external -#+cindex: external links -#+cindex: links, external -#+cindex: Gnus links -#+cindex: BBDB links -#+cindex: IRC links -#+cindex: URL links -#+cindex: file links -#+cindex: VM links -#+cindex: RMAIL links -#+cindex: WANDERLUST links -#+cindex: MH-E links -#+cindex: USENET links -#+cindex: SHELL links -#+cindex: Info links -#+cindex: Elisp links - -Org supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages, BBDB -database entries and links to both IRC conversations and their logs. -External links are URL-like locators. They start with a short -identifying string followed by a colon. There can be no space after -the colon. The following list shows examples for each link type. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik~ :: on the web - - ~doi:10.1000/182~ :: DOI for an electronic resource - - ~file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg~ :: file, absolute path - - ~/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg~ :: same as above - - ~file:papers/last.pdf~ :: file, relative path - - ~./papers/last.pdf~ :: same as above - - ~file:/myself@some.where:papers/last.pdf~ :: file, path on remote machine - - ~/myself@some.where:papers/last.pdf~ :: same as above - - ~file:sometextfile::NNN~ :: file, jump to line number - - ~file:projects.org~ :: another Org file - - ~file:projects.org::some words~ :: text search in Org file[fn:33] - - ~file:projects.org::*task title~ :: heading search in Org file - - ~file+sys:/path/to/file~ :: open via OS, like double-click - - ~file+emacs:/path/to/file~ :: force opening by Emacs - - ~docview:papers/last.pdf::NNN~ :: open in doc-view mode at page - - ~id:B7423F4D-2E8A-471B-8810-C40F074717E9~ :: Link to heading by ID - - ~news:comp.emacs~ :: Usenet link - - ~mailto:adent@galaxy.net~ :: Mail link - - ~vm:folder~ :: VM folder link - - ~vm:folder#id~ :: VM message link - - ~vm://myself@some.where.org/folder#id~ :: VM on remote machine - - ~vm-imap:account:folder~ :: VM IMAP folder link - - ~vm-imap:account:folder#id~ :: VM IMAP message link - - ~wl:folder~ :: WANDERLUST folder link - - ~wl:folder#id~ :: WANDERLUST message link - - ~mhe:folder~ :: MH-E folder link - - ~mhe:folder#id~ :: MH-E message link - - ~rmail:folder~ :: RMAIL folder link - - ~rmail:folder#id~ :: RMAIL message link - - ~gnus:group~ :: Gnus group link - - ~gnus:group#id~ :: Gnus article link - - ~bbdb:R.*Stallman~ :: BBDB link (with regexp) - - ~irc:/irc.com/#emacs/bob~ :: IRC link - - ~info:org#External links~ :: Info node link - - ~shell:ls *.org~ :: A shell command - - ~elisp:org-agenda~ :: Interactive Elisp command - - ~elisp:(find-file-other-frame "Elisp.org")~ :: Elisp form to evaluate - - -For customizing Org to add new link types [[Adding hyperlink types]]. - -A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a -descriptive text to be displayed instead of the URL (see [[Link format]]), -for example: - -#+begin_src org - [[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]] -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} If the description is a file name or URL that points to -an image, HTML export (see [[HTML export]]) will inline the image as a -clickable button. If there is no description at all and the link -points to an image, that image will be inlined into the exported HTML -file. - -#+cindex: square brackets, around links -#+cindex: plain text external links - -Org also finds external links in the normal text and activates them as -links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in -{{{samp(bbdb:Richard Stallman)}}}), or if you need to remove -ambiguities about the end of the link, enclose them in square -brackets. - -** Handling links - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: URL-like links to the world - :END: -#+cindex: links, handling - -Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to -insert it into an Org file, and to follow the link. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c l)}}}, ~org-store-link~ :: Store a link to the current - location. This is a /global/ command (you must create the key - binding yourself) which can be used in any buffer to create a - link. The link will be stored for later insertion into an Org - buffer (see below). What kind of link will be created depends - on the current buffer: - - #+cindex: storing links - #+kindex: C-c l - #+findex: org-store-link - - Org mode buffers :: For Org files, if there is a - ~<<target>>~ at the cursor, the link points to the - target. Otherwise it points to the current headline, which - will also be the description.[fn:34] - - #+vindex: org-link-to-org-use-id - #+cindex: property, CUSTOM_ID - #+cindex: property, ID - - If the headline has a ~CUSTOM_ID~ property, a link to this - custom ID will be stored. In addition or alternatively - (depending on the value of ~org-link-to-org-use-id~), a - globally unique ~ID~ property will be created and/or used to - construct a link.[fn:176] So using this command in Org buffers will - potentially create two links: a human-readable link from the - custom ID, and one that is globally unique and works even if - the entry is moved from file to file. Later, when inserting - the link, you need to decide which one to use. - - - Email/News clients: VM, Rmail, Wanderlust, MH-E, Gnus :: Pretty - much all Emacs mail clients are supported. The link will - point to the current article, or, in some GNUS buffers, to - the group. The description is constructed from the author - and the subject. - - - Web browsers: W3 and W3M :: Here the link will be the current - URL, with the page title as description. - - - Contacts: BBDB :: Links created in a BBDB buffer will point to - the current entry. - - Chat: IRC :: For IRC links, if you set the variable - ~org-irc-link-to-logs~ to ~t~, a ~file:~ - style link to the relevant point in the logs for - the current conversation is created. Otherwise an - ~irc:/~ style link to the - user/channel/server under the point will be stored. - - #+vindex: org-irc-link-to-logs - - - Other files :: For any other files, the link will point to the - file, with a search string (see [[Search options]]) - pointing to the contents of the current line. If - there is an active region, the selected words - will form the basis of the search string. If the - automatically created link is not working - correctly or accurately enough, you can write - custom functions to select the search string and - to do the search for particular file types---see - [[Custom searches]]. The key binding {{{kbd(C-c l)}}} - is only a suggestion---see [[Installation]]. - - - Agenda view :: When the cursor is in an agenda view, the created - link points to the entry referenced by the - current line. - - - {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}, ~org-insert-link~ :: Insert a link.[fn:35] This - prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer. You can just - type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the - link type prefixes mentioned in the examples above. The link - will be inserted into the buffer, along with a - descriptive text.[fn:36] If some text was selected when this command - is called, the selected text becomes the default description. - - #+cindex: link completion - #+cindex: completion, of links - #+cindex: inserting links - #+vindex: org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion - #+kindex: C-c C-l - #+findex: org-insert-link - - Inserting stored links :: All links stored during the current - session are part of the history for this prompt, so you can - access them with {{{key(up)}}} and {{{key(down)}}} (or - {{{kbd(M-p/n)}}}). - - - Completion support :: Completion with {{{key(TAB)}}} will help - you to insert valid link prefixes like ~http:~ or - ~ftp:~, including the prefixes defined through link - abbreviations (see [[Link abbreviations]]). If you press - {{{key(RET)}}} after inserting only the - {{{var(prefix)}}}, Org will offer specific completion - support for some link types.[fn:37] For example, if you type - {{{kbdspckey(file,RET)}}}, file name completion (alternative - access: {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-l)}}}, see below) will be offered, - and after {{{kbdspckey(bbdb,RET)}}} you can complete contact - names. - - - {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-l)}}} :: When {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} is called with a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, a link to a file will be - inserted and you may use file name completion to select the - name of the file. The path to the file is inserted relative to - the directory of the current Org file, if the linked file is in - the current directory or in a sub-directory of it, or if the - path is written relative to the current directory using - {{{samp(../)}}}. Otherwise an absolute path is used, if - possible with {{{samp(~/)}}} for your home directory. You can - force an absolute path with two {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefixes. - - #+cindex: file name completion - #+cindex: completion, of file names - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-l - - - {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} (with cursor on existing link) :: When the - cursor is on an existing link, {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}} allows you to - edit the link and description parts of the link. - - #+cindex: following links - - - {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}}, ~org-open-at-point~ :: Open link at - point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using - {{{command(browse-url-at-point)}}}), run - VM/MH-E/Wanderlust/Rmail/Gnus/BBDB for the corresponding - links, and execute the command in a shell link. When the - cursor is on an internal link, this command runs the - corresponding search. When the cursor is on a TAG list in a - headline, it creates the corresponding TAGS view. If the - cursor is on a timestamp, it compiles the agenda for that - date. Furthermore, it will visit text and remote files in - ~file:~ links with Emacs and select a suitable - application for local non-text files. Classification of files - is based on file extension only. See option ~org-file-apps~. - If you want to override the default application and visit the - file with Emacs, use a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix. If you want to - avoid opening in Emacs, use a {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} prefix. If - the cursor is on a headline, but not on a link, offer all - links in the headline and entry text. If you want to setup - the frame configuration for following links, customize - ~org-link-frame-setup~. - - #+vindex: org-file-apps - #+vindex: org-link-frame-setup - #+kindex: C-c C-o - #+findex: org-open-at-point - - {{{key(RET)}}} :: When ~org-return-follows-link~ is set, - {{{key(RET)}}} will also follow the link at - point. - - #+vindex: org-return-follows-link - #+kindex: RET - - {{{key(mouse-2)}}} or {{{key(mouse-1)}}} :: On links, - {{{kbd(mouse-2)}}} will open the link just as {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} would. Under Emacs 22 and later, {{{kbd(mouse-1)}}} - will also follow a link. - - #+kindex: mouse-2 - #+kindex: mouse-1 - - {{{key(mouse-3)}}} :: Like {{{kbd(mouse-2)}}}, but force file - links to be opened with Emacs, and internal links to be - displayed in another window.[fn:38] - - #+vindex: org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer - #+kindex: mouse-3 - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-v)}}}, ~org-toggle-inline-images~ :: - #+cindex: inlining images - #+cindex: images, inlining - #+vindex: org-startup-with-inline-images - #+cindex: ~inlineimages~, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: ~noinlineimages~, STARTUP keyword - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-v - #+findex: org-toggle-inline-images - - Toggle the inline display of linked images. Normally this - will only inline images that have no description part in the - link, i.e., images that will also be inlined during export. - When called with a prefix argument, also display images that - do have a link description. You can ask for inline images to - be displayed at startup by configuring the variable - ~org-startup-with-inline-images~.[fn:177] - - - {{{kbd(C-c %)}}}, ~org-mark-ring-push~ :: - #+kindex: C-c % - #+findex: org-mark-ring-push - #+cindex: mark ring - - Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to - return easily. Commands following an internal link do this - automatically. - - - {{{kbd(C-c &)}}}, ~org-mark-ring-goto~ :: - #+kindex: C-c & - #+findex: org-mark-ring-goto - #+cindex: links, returning to - - Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by - the commands following internal links, and by {{{kbd(C-c %)}}}. Using this command several times in direct succession - moves through a ring of previously recorded positions. - - - {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-n)}}}, ~org-next-link~ :: - @@info:@itemx@@ {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-p)}}}, ~org-previous-link~ - #+cindex: links, finding next/previous - - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-p - #+findex: org-previous-link - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-n - #+findex: org-next-link - - Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the - limit of the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps - around. The key bindings for this are really too long; you - might want to bind this also to {{{kbd(C-n)}}} and - {{{kbd(C-p)}}} - - #+header: :exports code - #+header: :eval no - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (add-hook 'org-load-hook - (lambda () - (define-key org-mode-map "\C-n" 'org-next-link) - (define-key org-mode-map "\C-p" 'org-previous-link))) - #+end_src - -** Using links outside Org - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Linking from my C source code? - :END: - -You can insert and follow links that have Org syntax not only in Org, -but in any Emacs buffer. For this, you should create two global -commands, like this (please select suitable global keys yourself): - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (global-set-key "\C-c L" 'org-insert-link-global) - (global-set-key "\C-c o" 'org-open-at-point-global) -#+end_src - -** Link abbreviations - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Shortcuts for writing complex links - :END: -#+cindex: link abbreviations -#+cindex: abbreviation, links - -Long URLs can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are -needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An -abbreviated link looks like this - -#+begin_src org -[[linkword:tag][description]] -#+end_src - -#+vindex: org-link-abbrev-alist - -{{{noindent}}} where the tag is optional. The /linkword/ must be a -word, starting with a letter, followed by letters, numbers, -{{{samp(-)}}}, and {{{samp(_)}}}. Abbreviations are resolved -according to the information in the variable ~org-link-abbrev-alist~ -that relates the linkwords to replacement text. Here is an example: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-link-abbrev-alist - '(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=") - ("url-to-ja" . "http://translate.google.fr/translate?sl=en&tl=ja&u=%h") - ("google" . "http://www.google.com/search?q=") - ("gmap" . "http://maps.google.com/maps?q=%s") - ("omap" . "http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=%s&polygon=1") - ("ads" . "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?author=%s&db_key=AST"))) -#+end_src - -If the replacement text contains the string {{{samp(%s)}}}, it will be -replaced with the tag. Using {{{samp(%h)}}} instead of {{{samp(%s)}}} -will url-encode the tag (see the example above, where we need to -encode the URL parameter.) Using {{{samp(%(my-function))}}} will pass -the tag to a custom function, and replace it by the resulting string. - -If the replacement text don't contain any specifier, it will simply be -appended to the string in order to create the link. - -Instead of a string, you may also specify a function that will be -called with the tag as the only argument to create the link. - -With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with -~[[bugzilla:129]]~, search the web for {{{samp(OrgMode)}}} with -~[[google:OrgMode]]~, show the map location of the Free Software -Foundation ~[[gmap:51 Franklin Street, Boston]]~ or of Carsten office -~[[omap:Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands]]~ and find out what -the Org author is doing besides Emacs hacking with ~[[ads:Dominik,C]]~. - -If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org buffer, you -can define them in the file with - -#+cindex: #+LINK -#+begin_src org - ,#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id= - ,#+LINK: google http://www.google.com/search?q=%s -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} In-buffer completion (see [[Completion]]) can be used -after {{{samp([)}}} to complete link abbreviations. You may also -define a function that implements special (e.g., completion) support -for inserting such a link with {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}. Such a function -should not accept any arguments, and return the full link with -prefix. You can set the link completion function like this: - -#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -(org-link-set-parameter "type" :complete #'some-completion-function) -#+END_SRC - -** Search options - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Linking to a specific location - :END: -#+cindex: search option in file links -#+cindex: file links, searching - -File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a -particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a -line number or a search option after a double colon.[fn:39] -For example, when the command {{{kbd(C-c l)}}} creates a link (see -[[Handling links]]) to a file, it encodes the words in the current line as -a search string that can be used to find this line back later when -following the link with {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}}. - -Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file -link, together with an explanation: - -#+begin_src org - [[file:~/code/main.c::255]] - [[file:~/xx.org::My Target]] - [[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]] - [[file:~/xx.org::#my-custom-id]] - [[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]] -#+end_src - -#+attr_texinfo: :indic @code -- 255 :: Jump to line 255. -- My Target :: Search for a link target ~<<My Target>>~, or do a text search for {{{samp(my target)}}}, - similar to the search in internal links, see [[Internal links]]. - In HTML export (see [[HTML export]]), such a file link will - become a HTML reference to the corresponding named anchor in the - linked file. -- *My Target :: In an Org file, restrict search to headlines. -- #my-custom-id :: Link to a heading with a ~CUSTOM_ID~ property -- /regexp/ :: Do a regular expression search for ~regexp~. This - uses the Emacs command ~occur~ to list all matches - in a separate window. If the target file is in - Org mode, ~org-occur~ is used to create a sparse - tree with the matches. @c If the target file is a - directory, @c ~grep~ will be used to search all - files in the directory. - -As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used -to search the current file. For example, ~[[file:::find me]]~ does a -search for ~find me~ in the current file, just as -~[[find me]]~ would. - -** Custom searches - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: When the default search is not enough - :END: -#+cindex: custom search strings -#+cindex: search strings, custom - -The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the -actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all -cases. For example, BibTeX database files have many entries like -{{{samp(year="1993")}}} which would not result in good search strings, -because the only unique identification for a BibTeX entry is the -citation key. - -#+vindex: org-create-file-search-functions -#+vindex: org-execute-file-search-functions - -If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to -set the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the -search for the string in the file. Using ~add-hook~, these functions -need to be added to the hook variables -~org-create-file-search-functions~ and -~org-execute-file-search-functions~. See the docstring for these -variables for more information. Org actually uses this mechanism for -BibTeX database files, and you can use the corresponding code as an -implementation example. See the file {{{file(org-bibtex.el)}}}. - -* TODO items - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Every tree branch can be a TODO item - :ALT_TITLE: TODO Items - :END: -#+cindex: TODO items - -Org mode does not maintain TODO lists as separate documents.[fn:40] -Instead, TODO items are an integral part of the notes file, because -TODO items usually come up while taking notes! With Org mode, simply -mark any entry in a tree as being a TODO item. In this way, -information is not duplicated, and the entire context from which the -TODO item emerged is always present. - -Of course, this technique for managing TODO items scatters them -throughout your notes file. Org mode compensates for this by providing -methods to give you an overview of all the things that you have to do. - -** TODO basics - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Marking and displaying TODO entries - :TITLE: Basic TODO functionality - :END: - -Any headline becomes a TODO item when it starts with the word -{{{samp(TODO)}}}, for example: - -#+begin_src org - ,*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} The most important commands to work with TODO entries -are: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}}, ~org-todo~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-t - #+cindex: cycling, of TODO states - - Rotate the TODO state of the current item among - - #+begin_example - ,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --. - '--------------------------------' - #+end_example - - The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the timeline and - agenda buffers with the {{{kbd(t)}}} command key (see [[Agenda commands]]). - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-t)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-t - - Select a specific keyword using completion or (if it has been set up) - the fast selection interface. For the latter, you need to assign keys - to TODO states, see [[Per-file keywords]], and [[Setting tags]], for - more information. - - #+kindex: S-@key{right} - #+kindex: S-@key{left} - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} :: - - #+vindex: org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change - - Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. - Useful mostly if more than two TODO states are possible - (see [[TODO extensions]]). See also [[Conflicts]], for a discussion of the - interaction with ~shift-selection-mode~. See also the variable - ~org-treat-S-cursor-todo-selection-as-state-change~. - -- {{{kbd(C-c / t)}}}, ~org-show-todo-tree~ :: - #+kindex: C-c / t - - #+cindex: sparse tree, for TODO - #+vindex: org-todo-keywords - - View TODO items in a /sparse tree/ (see [[Sparse trees]]). Folds the entire - buffer, but shows all TODO items (with not-DONE state) and the - headings hierarchy above them. With a prefix argument (or by using - {{{kbd(C-c / T)}}}), search for a specific TODO. You will be - prompted for the keyword, and you can also give a list of keywords - like ~KWD1|KWD2|...~ to list entries that match any one of these - keywords. With a numeric prefix argument N, show the tree for the - Nth keyword in the variable ~org-todo-keywords~. With two prefix - arguments, find all TODO states, both un-done and done. - -- {{{kbd(C-c a t)}}}, ~org-todo-list~ :: - #+kindex: C-c a t - - Show the global TODO list. Collects the TODO items (with not-DONE states) - from all agenda files (see [[Agenda views]]) into a single buffer. The new - buffer will be in ~agenda-mode~, which provides commands to examine and - manipulate the TODO entries from the new buffer (see [[Agenda commands]]). - See [[Global TODO list]], for more information. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-M-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-todo-heading~ :: - #+kindex: S-M-@key{RET} - - Insert a new TODO entry below the current one. - - -{{{noindent}}} -#+vindex: org-todo-state-tags-triggers -Changing a TODO state can also trigger tag changes. See the docstring of the -option ~org-todo-state-tags-triggers~ for details. - -** TODO extensions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Work flow and assignments - :TITLE: Extended use of TODO keywords - :END: - -#+cindex: extended TODO keywords - -#+vindex: org-todo-keywords - -By default, marked TODO entries have one of only two states: TODO and -DONE. Org mode allows you to classify TODO items in more complex ways -with /TODO keywords/ (stored in ~org-todo-keywords~). With special -setup, the TODO keyword system can work differently in different -files. - -Note that /tags/ are another way to classify headlines in general and -TODO items in particular (see [[Tags]]). - -*** Workflow states - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: From TODO to DONE in steps - :TITLE: TODO keywords as workflow states - :END: -#+cindex: TODO workflow -#+cindex: workflow states as TODO keywords - -You can use TODO keywords to indicate different /sequential/ states -in the process of working on an item, for example:[fn:41] - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-todo-keywords - '((sequence "TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "|" "DONE" "DELEGATED"))) -#+end_src - -The vertical bar separates the TODO keywords (states that /need -action/) from the DONE states (which need /no further action/). If -you don't provide the separator bar, the last state is used as the DONE -state. - -#+cindex: completion, of TODO keywords - -With this setup, the command {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} will cycle an entry -from TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE and -DELEGATED. You may also use a numeric prefix argument to quickly -select a specific state. For example {{{kbd(C-3 C-c C-t)}}} will -change the state immediately to VERIFY. Or you can use -{{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} to go backward through the sequence. If you -define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see [[Completion]]) or -even a special one-key selection scheme (see [[Fast access to TODO states]]) -to insert these words into the buffer. Changing a TODO state can be -logged with a timestamp, see [[Tracking TODO state changes]], for -more information. - -*** TODO types - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: I do this, Fred does the rest - :TITLE: TODO keywords as types - :END: -#+cindex: TODO types -#+cindex: names as TODO keywords -#+cindex: types as TODO keywords - -The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different -/types/ of action items. For example, you might want to indicate -that items are for ``work'' or ``home''. Or, when you work with several -people on a single project, you might want to assign action items -directly to persons, by using their names as TODO keywords. This would -be set up like this: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-todo-keywords '((type "Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "|" "DONE"))) -#+end_src - -In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but rather -different types. So the normal work flow would be to assign a task to a -person, and later to mark it DONE. Org mode supports this style by adapting -the workings of the command {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}}.[fn:42] When used several -times in succession, it will still cycle through all names, in order to first -select the right type for a task. But when you return to the item after some -time and execute {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} again, it will switch from any name directly -to DONE. Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select a specific -name. You can also review the items of a specific TODO type in a sparse tree -by using a numeric prefix to {{{kbd(C-c / t)}}}. For example, to see all things -Lucy has to do, you would use {{{kbd(C-3 C-c / t)}}}. To collect Lucy's items -from all agenda files into a single buffer, you would use the numeric prefix -argument as well when creating the global TODO list: {{{kbd(C-3 C-c a t)}}}. - -*** Multiple sets in one file - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Mixing it all, and still finding your way - :TITLE: Multiple keyword sets in one file - :END: -#+cindex: TODO keyword sets - -Sometimes you may want to use different sets of TODO keywords in -parallel. For example, you may want to have the basic -~TODO~ / ~DONE~, but also a workflow for bug fixing, and a -separate state indicating that an item has been canceled (so it is not -DONE, but also does not require action). Your setup would then look -like this: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-todo-keywords - '((sequence "TODO" "|" "DONE") - (sequence "REPORT" "BUG" "KNOWNCAUSE" "|" "FIXED") - (sequence "|" "CANCELED"))) -#+end_src - -The keywords should all be different, this helps Org mode to keep track -of which subsequence should be used for a given entry. In this setup, -{{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} only operates within a subsequence, so it switches from -~DONE~ to (nothing) to ~TODO~, and from ~FIXED~ to -(nothing) to ~REPORT~. Therefore you need a mechanism to initially -select the correct sequence. Besides the obvious ways like typing a -keyword or using completion, you may also apply the following commands: - -#+kindex: C-S-@key{right} -#+kindex: C-S-@key{left} -#+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-t -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-t)}}} {{{kbdkey(C-S-,right)}}} {{{kbdkey(C-S-,left)}}} :: - - These keys jump from one TODO subset to the next. In the above - example, {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-t)}}} or {{{kbdkey(C-S-,right)}}} - would jump from ~TODO~ or ~DONE~ to ~REPORT~, and any of the - words in the second row to ~CANCELED~. Note that the - {{{kbd(C-S-)}}} key binding conflict with ~shift-selection-mode~ - (see [[Conflicts]]). - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} :: - #+kindex: S-@key{right} - #+kindex: S-@key{left} - - {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} and {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} walk through /all/ - keywords from all sets, so for example {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} would switch - from ~DONE~ to ~REPORT~ in the example above. See also - [[Conflicts]], for a discussion of the interaction with - ~shift-selection-mode~. - -*** Fast access to TODO states - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Single letter selection of state - :END: -If you would like to quickly change an entry to an arbitrary TODO state -instead of cycling through the states, you can set up keys for single-letter -access to the states. This is done by adding the selection character after -each keyword, in parentheses.[fn:43] For example: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-todo-keywords - '((sequence "TODO(t)" "|" "DONE(d)") - (sequence "REPORT(r)" "BUG(b)" "KNOWNCAUSE(k)" "|" "FIXED(f)") - (sequence "|" "CANCELED(c)"))) -#+end_src - -#+vindex: org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo - -If you then press {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}} followed by the selection key, -the entry will be switched to this state. {{{kbd(SPC)}}} can be used -to remove any TODO keyword from an entry.[fn:44] - -*** Per-file keywords - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Different files, different requirements - :TITLE: Setting up keywords for individual files - :END: -#+cindex: keyword options -#+cindex: per-file keywords -#+cindex: #+TODO -#+cindex: #+TYP_TODO -#+cindex: #+SEQ_TODO - -It can be very useful to use different aspects of the TODO mechanism in -different files. For file-local settings, you need to add special lines -to the file which set the keywords and interpretation for that file -only. For example, to set one of the two examples discussed above, you -need one of the following lines, starting in column zero anywhere in the -file: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TODO: TODO FEEDBACK VERIFY | DONE CANCELED -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} (you may also write ~#+SEQ_TODO~ to be explicit about the -interpretation, but it means the same as ~#+TODO~), or - -#+begin_example - ,#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike | DONE -#+end_example - -A setup for using several sets in parallel would be: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TODO: TODO | DONE - ,#+TODO: REPORT BUG KNOWNCAUSE | FIXED - ,#+TODO: | CANCELED -#+end_example - -#+cindex: completion, of option keywords -#+kindex: M-@key{TAB} -{{{noindent}}} To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type -{{{samp(#+)}}} into the buffer and then use {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}} completion. - -#+cindex: DONE, final TODO keyword -Remember that the keywords after the vertical bar (or the last keyword -if no bar is there) must always mean that the item is DONE (although you -may use a different word). After changing one of these lines, use -{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the cursor still in the line to make the changes -known to Org mode.[fn:45] - -*** Faces for TODO keywords - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Highlighting states - :END: -#+cindex: faces, for TODO keywords -#+vindex: org-todo @r{(face)} -#+vindex: org-done @r{(face)} -#+vindex: org-todo-keyword-faces - -Org mode highlights TODO keywords with special faces: ~org-todo~ -for keywords indicating that an item still has to be acted upon, and -~org-done~ for keywords indicating that an item is finished. If -you are using more than 2 different states, you might want to use -special faces for some of them. This can be done using the variable -~org-todo-keyword-faces~. For example: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-todo-keyword-faces - '(("TODO" . org-warning) ("STARTED" . "yellow") - ("CANCELED" . (:foreground "blue" :weight bold)))) -#+end_src - -While using a list with face properties as shown for CANCELED /should/ -work, this does not always seem to be the case. If necessary, define a -special face and use that. A string is interpreted as a color. The variable -~org-faces-easy-properties~ determines if that color is interpreted as a -foreground or a background color. - -*** TODO dependencies - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: When one task needs to wait for others - :END: -#+cindex: TODO dependencies -#+cindex: dependencies, of TODO states -#+vindex: org-enforce-todo-dependencies -#+cindex: property, ORDERED - -The structure of Org files (hierarchy and lists) makes it easy to define TODO -dependencies. Usually, a parent TODO task should not be marked DONE until -all subtasks (defined as children tasks) are marked as DONE. And sometimes -there is a logical sequence to a number of (sub)tasks, so that one task -cannot be acted upon before all siblings above it are done. If you customize -the variable ~org-enforce-todo-dependencies~, Org will block entries -from changing state to DONE while they have children that are not DONE. -Furthermore, if an entry has a property ~ORDERED~, each of its children -will be blocked until all earlier siblings are marked DONE. Here is an -example: - -#+begin_src org - ,* TODO Blocked until (two) is done - ,** DONE one - ,** TODO two - - ,* Parent - :PROPERTIES: - :ORDERED: t - :END: - ,** TODO a - ,** TODO b, needs to wait for (a) - ,** TODO c, needs to wait for (a) and (b) -#+end_src - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x o)}}}, ~org-toggle-ordered-property~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x o - #+vindex: org-track-ordered-property-with-tag - #+cindex: property, ORDERED - - Toggle the ~ORDERED~ property of the current entry. A property is used - for this behavior because this should be local to the current entry, not - inherited like a tag. However, if you would like to /track/ the value of - this property with a tag for better visibility, customize the variable - ~org-track-ordered-property-with-tag~. -- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-u C-c C-t - - Change TODO state, circumventing any state blocking. - - -#+vindex: org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks - -If you set the variable ~org-agenda-dim-blocked-tasks~, TODO entries -that cannot be closed because of such dependencies will be shown in a dimmed -font or even made invisible in agenda views (see [[Agenda views]]). - -#+cindex: checkboxes and TODO dependencies -#+vindex: org-enforce-todo-dependencies - -You can also block changes of TODO states by looking at checkboxes -(see [[Checkboxes]]). If you set the variable -~org-enforce-todo-checkbox-dependencies~, an entry that has unchecked -checkboxes will be blocked from switching to DONE. - -If you need more complex dependency structures, for example dependencies -between entries in different trees or files, check out the contributed -module {{{file(org-depend.el)}}}. - -{{{page}}} - -** Progress logging - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Dates and notes for progress - :END: -#+cindex: progress logging -#+cindex: logging, of progress - -Org mode can automatically record a timestamp and possibly a note when -you mark a TODO item as DONE, or even each time you change the state of -a TODO item. This system is highly configurable, settings can be on a -per-keyword basis and can be localized to a file or even a subtree. For -information on how to clock working time for a task, see [[Clocking work time]]. - -*** Closing items - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: When was this entry marked DONE? - :END: - -The most basic logging is to keep track of /when/ a certain TODO -item was finished. This is achieved with:[fn:46] - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-log-done 'time) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} Then each time you turn an entry from a TODO (not-done) -state into any of the DONE states, a line {{{samp(CLOSED: [timestamp])}}} will be inserted just after the headline. If you turn -the entry back into a TODO item through further state cycling, that -line will be removed again. If you want to record a note along with -the timestamp, use:[fn:47] - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-log-done 'note) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} You will then be prompted for a note, and that note -will be stored below the entry with a {{{samp(Closing Note)}}} -heading. - -In the timeline (see [[Timeline for a single file]]) and in the agenda -(see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]), you can then use the {{{kbd(l)}}} key to -display the TODO items with a {{{samp(CLOSED)}}} timestamp on each -day, giving you an overview of what has been done. - -*** Tracking TODO state changes - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: When did the status change? - :END: -#+cindex: drawer, for state change recording -#+vindex: org-log-states-order-reversed -#+vindex: org-log-into-drawer -#+cindex: property, LOG_INTO_DRAWER - -When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (see [[Workflow -states]]), you might want to keep track of when a state change occurred -and maybe take a note about this change. You can either record just a -timestamp, or a time-stamped note for a change. These records will be -inserted after the headline as an itemized list, newest first.[fn:48] -When taking a lot of notes, you might want to get the notes out of the -way into a drawer (see [[Drawers]]). Customize the variable -~org-log-into-drawer~ to get this behavior---the recommended drawer -for this is called ~LOGBOOK~.[fn:178] You can also overrule the setting -of this variable for a subtree by setting a ~LOG_INTO_DRAWER~ -property. - -Since it is normally too much to record a note for every state, Org -mode expects configuration on a per-keyword basis for this. This is -achieved by adding special markers {{{samp(!)}}} (for a timestamp) or -{{{samp(@)}}} (for a note with timestamp) in parentheses after each -keyword. For example, with the setting: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-todo-keywords - '((sequence "TODO(t)" "WAIT(w@@/!)" "|" "DONE(d!)" "CANCELED(c@@)"))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} -#+vindex: org-log-done - -you not only define global TODO keywords and fast access keys, but -also request that a time is recorded when the entry is set to -DONE, and that a note is recorded when switching to WAIT or -CANCELED.[fn:49] The setting for WAIT is even more special: the {{{samp(!)}}} -after the slash means that in addition to the note taken when entering -the state, a timestamp should be recorded when /leaving/ the WAIT -state, if and only if the /target/ state does not configure logging -for entering it. So it has no effect when switching from WAIT to DONE, -because DONE is configured to record a timestamp only. But when -switching from WAIT back to TODO, the {{{samp(/!)}}} in the WAIT -setting now triggers a timestamp even though TODO has no logging -configured. - -To record a timestamp without a note for TODO keywords configured with -{{{samp(@)}}}, just type {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} to enter a blank note -when prompted. - -You can use the exact same syntax for setting logging preferences local -to a buffer: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TODO: TODO(t) WAIT(w@/!) | DONE(d!) CANCELED(c@) -#+end_example - -#+cindex: property, LOGGING - -In order to define logging settings that are local to a subtree or a -single item, define a LOGGING property in this entry. Any non-empty -LOGGING property resets all logging settings to nil. You may then turn -on logging for this specific tree using STARTUP keywords like -~lognotedone~ or ~logrepeat~, as well as adding state specific -settings like ~TODO(!)~. For example: - -#+begin_example - ,* TODO Log each state with only a time - :PROPERTIES: - :LOGGING: TODO(!) WAIT(!) DONE(!) CANCELED(!) - :END: - ,* TODO Only log when switching to WAIT, and when repeating - :PROPERTIES: - :LOGGING: WAIT(@) logrepeat - :END: - ,* TODO No logging at all - :PROPERTIES: - :LOGGING: nil - :END: -#+end_example - -*** Tracking your habits - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How consistent have you been? - :END: - :LOGBOOK: - - State "DONE" from "DONE" [2013-01-07 Mon 14:10] - - State "DONE" from "" [2013-01-07 Mon 14:10] - :END: -#+cindex: habits - -Org has the ability to track the consistency of a special category of TODOs, -called "habits." A habit has the following properties: - - 1. You have enabled the ~habits~ module by customizing the variable - ~org-modules~. - - 2. The habit is a TODO item, with a TODO keyword representing an - open state. - - 3. The property ~STYLE~ is set to the value ~habit~. - - 4. The TODO has a scheduled date, usually with a ~.+~ style repeat - interval. A ~++~ style may be appropriate for habits with time - constraints, e.g., must be done on weekends, or a ~+~ style for - an unusual habit that can have a backlog, e.g., weekly reports. - - 5. The TODO may also have minimum and maximum ranges specified by - using the syntax {{{samp(.+2d/3d)}}}, which says that you want to - do the task at least every three days, but at most every two - days. - - 6. You must also have state logging for the ~DONE~ state enabled - (see [[Tracking TODO state changes]]), in order for historical - data to be represented in the consistency graph. If it is not - enabled it is not an error, but the consistency graphs will be - largely meaningless. - - -To give you an idea of what the above rules look like in action, here's an -actual habit with some history: - -#+begin_example - ,** TODO Shave - SCHEDULED: <2009-10-17 Sat .+2d/4d> - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-15 Thu] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-12 Mon] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-10 Sat] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-04 Sun] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-10-02 Fri] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-29 Tue] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-25 Fri] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-19 Sat] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-16 Wed] - - State "DONE" from "TODO" [2009-09-12 Sat] - :PROPERTIES: - :STYLE: habit - :LAST_REPEAT: [2009-10-19 Mon 00:36] - :END: -#+end_example - -What this habit says is: I want to shave at most every 2 days (given -by the ~SCHEDULED~ date and repeat interval) and at least every 4 -days. If today is the 15th, then the habit first appears in the agenda -on Oct 17, after the minimum of 2 days has elapsed, and will appear -overdue on Oct 19, after four days have elapsed. - -What's really useful about habits is that they are displayed along -with a consistency graph, to show how consistent you've been at -getting that task done in the past. This graph shows every day that -the task was done over the past three weeks, with colors for each day. -The colors used are: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~Blue~ :: If the task wasn't to be done yet on that day. - - ~Green~ :: If the task could have been done on that day. - - ~Yellow~ :: If the task was going to be overdue the next day. - - ~Red~ :: If the task was overdue on that day. - - -In addition to coloring each day, the day is also marked with an -asterisk if the task was actually done that day, and an exclamation -mark to show where the current day falls in the graph. - -There are several configuration variables that can be used to change -the way habits are displayed in the agenda. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~org-habit-graph-column~ :: The buffer column at which the - consistency graph should be drawn. This will overwrite any text - in that column, so it is a good idea to keep your habits' - titles brief and to the point. - - - ~org-habit-preceding-days~ :: The amount of history, in days before - today, to appear in consistency graphs. - - - ~org-habit-following-days~ :: The number of days after today that - will appear in consistency graphs. - - - ~org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today~ :: If non-nil, only show - habits in today's agenda view. This is set to true by default. - - -Lastly, pressing {{{kbd(K)}}} in the agenda buffer will cause habits -to temporarily be disabled and they won't appear at all. Press -{{{kbd(K)}}} again to bring them back. They are also subject to tag -filtering, if you have habits which should only be done in certain -contexts, for example. - -** FIXME Priorities - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Some things are more important than others - :END: -#+cindex: priorities - -If you use Org mode extensively, you may end up with enough TODO items that -it starts to make sense to prioritize them. Prioritizing can be done by -placing a /priority cookie/ into the headline of a TODO item, like this: - -#+begin_example - ,*** TODO [#A] Write letter to Sam Fortune -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-priority-faces - -{{{noindent}}} By default, Org mode supports three priorities: {{{samp(A)}}}, -{{{samp(B)}}}, and {{{samp(C)}}}. {{{samp(A)}}} is the highest -priority. An entry without a cookie is treated just like priority -{{{samp(B)}}}. Priorities make a difference only for sorting in the -agenda (see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]); outside the agenda, they have no -inherent meaning to Org mode. The cookies can be highlighted with -special faces by customizing the variable ~org-priority-faces~. - -Priorities can be attached to any outline node; they do not need to be TODO -items. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(C-c XXX)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c , - # #+kindex: @key{C-c ,} - # Preceding line won't export to pdf - #+findex: org-priority - # Should be C-c , - Set the priority of the current headline (~org-priority~). The - command prompts for a priority character {{{samp(A)}}}, {{{samp(B)}}} - or {{{samp(C)}}}. When you press {{{key(SPC)}}}} instead, the priority - cookie is removed from the headline. The priorities can also be - changed ``remotely'' from the timeline and agenda buffer with the - {{{kbd(\,)}}} command (see [[Agenda commands]]). - - - {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}}, {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}}, {{{command(org-priority-up)}}}, {{{command(org-priority-down)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-priority-start-cycle-with-default - - Increase/decrease priority of current headline.[fn:50] Note - that these keys are also used to modify timestamps - (see [[Creating timestamps]]). See also [[Conflicts]], for a - discussion of the interaction with ~shift-selection-mode~. - - -#+vindex: org-highest-priority -#+vindex: org-lowest-priority -#+vindex: org-default-priority - -You can change the range of allowed priorities by setting the -variables ~org-highest-priority~, ~org-lowest-priority~, and -~org-default-priority~. For an individual buffer, you may set these -values (highest, lowest, default) like this (please make sure that the -highest priority is earlier in the alphabet than the lowest priority): - -#+cindex: #+PRIORITIES - -#+begin_example - ,#+PRIORITIES: A C B -#+end_example - -** Breaking down tasks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Splitting a task into manageable pieces - :END: -#+cindex: tasks, breaking down -#+cindex: statistics, for TODO items -#+vindex: org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels - -It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, -manageable subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree below -a TODO item, with detailed subtasks on the tree.[fn:51] To keep the -overview over the fraction of subtasks that are already completed, -insert either {{{samp([/])}}} or {{{samp([%])}}} anywhere in the -headline. These cookies will be updated each time the TODO status of a -child changes, or when pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} on the cookie. For -example: - -#+begin_example - ,* Organize Party [33%] - ,** TODO Call people [1/2] - ,*** TODO Peter - ,*** DONE Sarah - ,** TODO Buy food - ,** DONE Talk to neighbor -#+end_example - -#+cindex: property, COOKIE_DATA - -If a heading has both checkboxes and TODO children below it, the -meaning of the statistics cookie become ambiguous. Set the property -~COOKIE_DATA~ to either {{{samp(checkbox)}}} or {{{samp(todo)}}} to -resolve this issue. - -#+vindex: org-hierarchical-todo-statistics - -If you would like to have the statistics cookie count any TODO entries -in the subtree (not just direct children), configure the variable -~org-hierarchical-todo-statistics~. To do this for a single subtree, -include the word {{{samp(recursive)}}} into the value of the -~COOKIE_DATA~ property. - -#+begin_example - ,* Parent capturing statistics [2/20] - :PROPERTIES: - :COOKIE_DATA: todo recursive - :END: -#+end_example - -If you would like a TODO entry to automatically change to DONE -when all children are done, you can use the following setup: - -#+header: :exports code -#+header: :eval no -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun org-summary-todo (n-done n-not-done) - "Switch entry to DONE when all subentries are done, to TODO otherwise." - (let (org-log-done org-log-states) ; turn off logging - (org-todo (if (= n-not-done 0) "DONE" "TODO")))) - -(add-hook 'org-after-todo-statistics-hook 'org-summary-todo) -#+end_src - -Another possibility is the use of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy -of) a large number of subtasks (see [[Checkboxes]]). - -** Checkboxes - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tick-off lists - :END: - -#+cindex: checkboxes -#+vindex: org-list-automatic-rules - -Every item in a plain list (see [[Plain lists]]) can be made into a -checkbox by starting it with the string {{{samp([ ])}}}.[fn:52] This -feature is similar to TODO items (see [[TODO items]]), but is more -lightweight. Checkboxes are not included into the global TODO list, so -they are often great to split a task into a number of simple steps. Or -you can use them in a shopping list. To toggle a checkbox, use -{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, or use the mouse (thanks to Piotr Zielinski's -{{{file(org-mouse.el)}}}). - -Here is an example of a checkbox list. - -#+begin_example - ,* TODO Organize party [2/4] - - [-] call people [1/3] - - [ ] Peter - - [X] Sarah - - [ ] Sam - - [X] order food - - [ ] think about what music to play - - [X] talk to the neighbors -#+end_example - -Checkboxes work hierarchically, so if a checkbox item has children -that are checkboxes, toggling one of the children checkboxes will make -the parent checkbox reflect if none, some, or all of the children are -checked. - -#+cindex: statistics, for checkboxes -#+cindex: checkbox statistics -#+cindex: property, COOKIE_DATA -#+vindex: org-hierarchical-checkbox-statistics - -The {{{samp([2/4])}}} and {{{samp([1/3])}}} in the first and second -line are cookies indicating how many checkboxes present in this entry -have been checked off, and the total number of checkboxes present. -This can give you an idea on how many checkboxes remain, even without -opening a folded entry. The cookies can be placed into a headline or -into (the first line of) a plain list item. Each cookie covers -checkboxes of direct children structurally below the headline/item on -which the cookie appears.[fn:53] You have to insert the cookie -yourself by typing either {{{samp([/])}}} or {{{samp([%])}}}. With -{{{samp([/])}}} you get an {{{samp(n out of m)}}} result, as in the -examples above. With {{{samp([%])}}} you get information about the -percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be -{{{samp([50%])}}} and {{{samp([33%])}}}, respectively). In a headline, -a cookie can count either checkboxes below the heading or TODO states -of children, and it will display whatever was changed last. Set the -property ~COOKIE_DATA~ to either {{{samp(checkbox)}}} or -{{{samp(todo)}}} to resolve this issue. - -#+cindex: blocking, of checkboxes -#+cindex: checkbox blocking -#+cindex: property, ORDERED - -If the current outline node has an ~ORDERED~ property, checkboxes must -be checked off in sequence, and an error will be thrown if you try to -check off a box while there are unchecked boxes above it. - -{{{noindent}}} The following commands work with checkboxes: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-toggle-checkbox~ :: Toggle checkbox status - or (with prefix arg) checkbox presence at point. With a single - prefix argument, add an empty checkbox or remove the current - one.[fn:54] With a double prefix argument, set it to - {{{samp([-])}}}, which is considered to be an intermediate state. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-b)}}}, ~org-toggle-checkbox~ :: Toggle checkbox - status or (with prefix arg) checkbox presence at point. With - double prefix argument, set it to {{{samp([-])}}}, which is - considered to be an intermediate state. - - - If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in the region - and set all remaining boxes to the same status as the first. With a prefix - arg, add or remove the checkbox for all items in the region. - - - If the cursor is in a headline, toggle checkboxes in the region - between this headline and the next (so /not/ the entire subtree). - - - If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at point. - - -- {{{kbdkey(M-S-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-todo-heading~ :: Insert a new - item with a checkbox. This works only if the cursor is already in - a plain list item (see [[Plain lists]]). - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x o)}}}, ~org-toggle-ordered-property~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x o - #+vindex: org-track-ordered-property-with-tag - #+cindex: property, ORDERED - - Toggle the ~ORDERED~ property of the entry, to toggle if checkboxes - must be checked off in sequence. A property is used for this - behavior because this should be local to the current entry, not - inherited like a tag. However, if you would like to /track/ the - value of this property with a tag for better visibility, - customize the variable ~org-track-ordered-property-with-tag~. - -- {{{kbd(C-c #)}}}, ~org-update-statistics-cookies~ :: - #+kindex: C-c # - - Update the statistics cookie in the current outline entry. When - called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, update the entire file. - Checkbox statistic cookies are updated automatically if you - toggle checkboxes with {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} and make new ones with - {{{kbdkey(M-S-,RET)}}}. TODO statistics cookies update when - changing TODO states. If you delete boxes/entries or add/change - them by hand, use this command to get things back into sync. - -* Tags - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags - :END: -#+cindex: tags -#+cindex: headline tagging -#+cindex: matching, tags -#+cindex: sparse tree, tag based - -An excellent way to implement labels and contexts for -cross-correlating information is to assign /tags/ to headlines. Org -mode has extensive support for tags. - -#+vindex: org-tag-faces - -Every headline can contain a list of tags; they occur at the end of -the headline. Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, -{{{samp(_)}}}, and {{{samp(@)}}}. Tags must be preceded and followed -by a single colon, e.g., {{{samp(:work:)}}}. Several tags can be -specified, as in {{{samp(:work:urgent:)}}}. Tags will by default be in -bold face with the same color as the headline. You may specify special -faces for specific tags using the variable ~org-tag-faces~, in much -the same way as you can for TODO keywords (see [[Faces for TODO keywords]]). - -** Tag inheritance - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tags use the tree structure of an outline - :END: -#+cindex: tag inheritance -#+cindex: inheritance, of tags -#+cindex: sublevels, inclusion into tags match - -/Tags/ make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a -heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as -well. For example, in the list - -#+begin_example - ,* Meeting with the French group :work: - ,** Summary by Frank :boss:notes: - ,*** TODO Prepare slides for him :action: -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} the final heading will have the tags -{{{samp(:work:)}}}, {{{samp(:boss:)}}}, {{{samp(:notes:)}}}, and -{{{samp(:action:)}}} even though the final heading is not explicitly -marked with those tags. You can also set tags that all entries in a -file should inherit just as if these tags were defined in a -hypothetical level zero that surrounds the entire file. Use a line -like this:[fn:55] - -#+cindex: #+FILETAGS -#+begin_example - ,#+FILETAGS: :Peter:Boss:Secret: -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-use-tag-inheritance -#+vindex: org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance - -{{{noindent}}} To limit tag inheritance to specific tags, or to turn -it off entirely, use the variables ~org-use-tag-inheritance~ and -~org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance~. - -#+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels - -When a headline matches during a tags search while tag inheritance is -turned on, all the sublevels in the same tree will (for a simple match -form) match as well.[fn:56] The list of matches may then become very -long. If you only want to see the first tags match in a subtree, -configure the variable ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~ (not -recommended). - -** Setting tags - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to assign tags to a headline - :END: -#+cindex: setting tags -#+cindex: tags, setting -#+kindex: M-@key{TAB} - -Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline. -After a colon, {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}} offers completion on tags. There is -also a special command for inserting tags: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-q)}}}, ~org-set-tags-command~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-q - - #+cindex: completion, of tags - #+vindex: org-tags-column - - Enter new tags for the current headline. Org mode will either offer - completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see - below. After pressing {{{key(RET)}}}, the tags will be inserted and aligned - to ~org-tags-column~. When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, all - tags in the current buffer will be aligned to that column, just to make - things look nice. TAGS are automatically realigned after promotion, - demotion, and TODO state changes (see [[TODO basics]]). - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-set-tags-command~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - When the cursor is in a headline, this does the same as {{{kbd(C-c C-q)}}}. - - -#+vindex: org-tag-alist - -Org supports tag insertion based on a /list of tags/. By default this -list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags currently used in -the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list of tags with the -variable ~org-tag-alist~. Finally you can set the default tags for a -given file with lines like - -#+cindex: #+TAGS -#+begin_example - ,#+TAGS: @work @home @tennisclub - ,#+TAGS: laptop car pc sailboat -#+end_example - -If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the -variable ~org-tag-alist~, but would like to use a dynamic tag list -in a specific file, add an empty TAGS option line to that file: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TAGS: -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-tag-persistent-alist - -If you have a preferred set of tags that you would like to use in -every file, in addition to those defined on a per-file basis by TAGS -option lines, then you may specify a list of tags with the variable -~org-tag-persistent-alist~. You may turn this off on a per-file basis -by adding a STARTUP option line to that file: - -#+begin_example - ,#+STARTUP: noptag -#+end_example - -By default Org mode uses the standard minibuffer completion facilities -for entering tags. However, it also implements another, quicker, tag -selection method called /fast tag selection/. This allows you to -select and deselect tags with just a single key press. For this to -work well you should assign unique letters to most of your commonly -used tags. You can do this globally by configuring the variable -~org-tag-alist~ in your {{{file(.emacs)}}} file. For example, you may -find the need to tag many items in different files with -{{{samp(:@home:)}}}. In this case you can set something like: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) ("laptop" . ?l))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} If the tag is only relevant to the file you are working -on, then you can instead set the TAGS option line as: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) laptop(l) pc(p) -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} The tags interface will show the available tags in a splash -window. If you want to start a new line after a specific tag, insert -~\n~ into the tag list, like this: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) \n laptop(l) pc(p) -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} or write them in two lines: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TAGS: @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) - ,#+TAGS: laptop(l) pc(p) -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} -You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive by using -braces, as in: - -#+begin_example - ,#+TAGS: { @work(w) @home(h) @tennisclub(t) } laptop(l) pc(p) -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} you indicate that at most one of {{{samp(@work)}}}, -{{{samp(@home)}}}, and {{{samp(@tennisclub)}}} should be selected. -Multiple such groups are allowed. - -{{{noindent}}} Don't forget to press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the -cursor in one of these lines to activate any changes. - -{{{noindent}}} To set these mutually exclusive groups in the variable -~org-tags-alist~, you must use the dummy tags ~:startgroup~ and -~:endgroup~ instead of the braces. Similarly, you can use ~:newline~ -to indicate a line break. The previous example would be set globally -by the following configuration: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-tag-alist '((:startgroup . nil) - ("@@work" . ?w) ("@@home" . ?h) - ("@@tennisclub" . ?t) - (:endgroup . nil) - ("laptop" . ?l) ("pc" . ?p))) -#+end_src - -If at least one tag has a selection key then pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} will -automatically present you with a special interface, listing inherited tags, -the tags of the current headline, and a list of all valid tags with -corresponding keys.[fn:57] In this interface, you can use the following -keys: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(a-z...)}}} :: - #+kindex: a-z... - - Pressing keys assigned to tags will add or remove them from the list of - tags in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of mutually - exclusive tags will turn off any other tags from that group. - -- {{{key(TAB)}}} :: - #+kindex: @key{TAB} - - Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the predefined - list. You will be able to complete on all tags present in the buffer. - You can also add several tags: just separate them with a comma. - -- {{{key(SPC)}}} :: - #+kindex: @key{SPC} - - Clear all tags for this line. - -- {{{key(RET)}}} :: - #+kindex: @key{RET} - - Accept the modified set. - -- C-g :: - - Abort without installing changes. - -- q :: - - If {{{kbd(q)}}} is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like {{{kbd(C-g)}}}. - -- ! :: - - Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an - exception) assign several tags from such a group. - -- C-c :: - - Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below). - If you are using expert mode, the first {{{kbd(C-c)}}} will display the - selection window. - - -{{{noindent}}} This method lets you assign tags to a headline with -very few keys. With the above setup, you could clear the current tags -and set {{{samp(@home)}}}, {{{samp(laptop)}}} and {{{samp(pc)}}} tags -with just the following keys: {{{ksksksk(C-c C-c,SPC,h l p,RET)}}}. Switching from {{{samp(@home)}}} to -{{{samp(@work)}}} would be done with {{{kbdspckey(C-c C-c w,RET)}}} or -alternatively with {{{kbd(C-c C-c C-c w)}}}. Adding the non-predefined -tag {{{samp(Sarah)}}} could be done with -{{{ksksksksk(C-c C-c,TAB,S a r a h,RET,RET)}}}. - -#+vindex: org-fast-tag-selection-single-key - -If you find that most of the time you need only a single key press to -modify your list of tags, set the variable -~org-fast-tag-selection-single-key~. Then you no longer have to press -{{{key(RET)}}} to exit fast tag selection---it will immediately exit after -the first change. If you then occasionally need more keys, press -{{{kbd(C-c)}}} to turn off auto-exit for the current tag selection -process (in effect: start selection with {{{kbd(C-c C-c C-c)}}} -instead of {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}). If you set the variable to the value -~expert~, the special window is not even shown for single-key tag -selection, it comes up only when you press an extra {{{kbd(C-c)}}}. - -** Tag searches - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Searching for combinations of tags - :END: -#+cindex: tag searches -#+cindex: searching for tags - -Once a system of tags has been set up, it can be used to collect related -information into special lists. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}}, ~C-c \~ ~org-match-sparse-tree~ :: - - Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. With a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO - line. - -- {{{kbd(C-c a m)}}}, ~org-tags-view~ :: - #+kindex: C-c a m - - Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files. - See [[Matching tags and properties]]. - -- {{{kbd(C-c a M)}}}, ~org-tags-view~ :: - #+kindex: C-c a M - #+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels - - Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check - only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable - ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). - - -These commands all prompt for a match string which allows basic -Boolean logic like {{{samp(+boss+urgent-project1)}}}, to find entries -with tags {{{samp(boss)}}} and {{{samp(urgent)}}}, but not -{{{samp(project1)}}}, or {{{samp(Kathy|Sally)}}} to find entries which -are tagged, like {{{samp(Kathy)}}} or {{{samp(Sally)}}}. The full -syntax of the search string is rich and allows also matching against -TODO keywords, entry levels and properties. For a complete description -with many examples, see [[Matching tags and properties]]. - -* Properties and columns - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Storing information about an entry - :ALT_TITLE: Properties and Columns - :END: -#+cindex: properties - -A property is a key-value pair associated with an entry. Properties -can be set so they are associated with a single entry, with every -entry in a tree, or with every entry in an Org mode file. - -There are two main applications for properties in Org mode. First, -properties are like tags, but with a value. Imagine maintaining a file -where you document bugs and plan releases for a piece of software. -Instead of using tags like ~:release_1:~, ~:release_2:~, you can use a -property, say ~:Release:~, that in different subtrees has different -values, such as ~1.0~ or ~2.0~. Second, you can use properties to -implement (very basic) database capabilities in an Org buffer. Imagine -keeping track of your music CDs, where properties could be things such -as the album, artist, date of release, number of tracks, and so on. - -Properties can be conveniently edited and viewed in column view -(see [[Column view]]). - -** Property syntax - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How properties are spelled out - :END: -#+cindex: property syntax -#+cindex: drawer, for properties - -Properties are key-value pairs. When they are associated with a single -entry or with a tree they need to be inserted into a special drawer -(see [[Drawers]]) with the name ~PROPERTIES~. Each property is specified -on a single line, with the key (surrounded by colons) first, and the -value after it. Here is an example: - -#+begin_example - ,* CD collection - ,** Classic - ,*** Goldberg Variations - , :PROPERTIES: - , :Title: Goldberg Variations - , :Composer: J.S. Bach - , :Artist: Glen Gould - , :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon - , :NDisks: 1 - , :END: -#+end_example - -Depending on the value of ~org-use-property-inheritance~, a property -set this way will either be associated with a single entry, or the -sub-tree defined by the entry, see [[Property inheritance]]. - -You may define the allowed values for a particular property -{{{samp(:Xyz:)}}} by setting a property {{{samp(:Xyz_ALL:)}}}. This -special property is /inherited/, so if you set it in a level 1 entry, -it will apply to the entire tree. When allowed values are defined, -setting the corresponding property becomes easier and is less prone to -typing errors. For the example with the CD collection, we can -predefine publishers and the number of disks in a box like this: - -#+begin_example - ,* CD collection - , :PROPERTIES: - , :NDisks_ALL: 1 2 3 4 - , :Publisher_ALL: "Deutsche Grammophon" Philips EMI - , :END: -#+end_example - -If you want to set properties that can be inherited by any entry in a -file, use a line like: - -#+cindex: property, _ALL -#+cindex: #+PROPERTY -#+begin_example - ,#+PROPERTY: NDisks_ALL 1 2 3 4 -#+end_example - -If you want to add to the value of an existing property, append a ~+~ -to the property name. The following results in the property ~var~ -having the value ``foo=1 bar=2''. - -#+cindex: property, + -#+begin_example - ,#+PROPERTY: var foo=1 - ,#+PROPERTY: var+ bar=2 -#+end_example - -It is also possible to add to the values of inherited properties. The -following results in the ~genres~ property having the value ``Classic -Baroque'' under the ~Goldberg Variations~ subtree. - -#+cindex: property, + -#+begin_example - ,* CD collection - ,** Classic - , :PROPERTIES: - , :GENRES: Classic - , :END: - ,*** Goldberg Variations - , :PROPERTIES: - , :Title: Goldberg Variations - , :Composer: J.S. Bach - , :Artist: Glen Gould - , :Publisher: Deutsche Grammophon - , :NDisks: 1 - , :GENRES+: Baroque - , :END: -#+end_example -Note that a property can only have one entry per Drawer. - -#+vindex: org-global-properties - -Property values set with the global variable ~org-global-properties~ -can be inherited by all entries in all Org files. - -{{{noindent}}} -The following commands help to work with properties: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}}, ~pcomplete~ :: - #+kindex: M-@key{TAB} - - After an initial colon in a line, complete property keys. All keys - used in the current file will be offered as possible completions. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x p)}}}, ~org-set-property~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x p - - Set a property. This prompts for a property name and a value. If - necessary, the property drawer is created as well. - -- C-u M-x org-insert-drawer RET :: - #+cindex: org-insert-drawer - - Insert a property drawer into the current entry. The drawer will be - inserted early in the entry, but after the lines with planning - information like deadlines. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-property-action~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - With the cursor in a property drawer, this executes property commands. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c s)}}}, ~org-set-property~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c s - - Set a property in the current entry. Both the property and the value - can be inserted using completion. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}}, ~org-property-next-allowed-value~ ~org-property-previous-allowed-value~ :: - #+kindex: S-@key{right} - - Switch property at point to the next/previous allowed value. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c d)}}}, ~org-delete-property~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c d - - Remove a property from the current entry. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c D)}}}, ~org-delete-property-globally~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c D - - Globally remove a property, from all entries in the current file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c c)}}}, ~org-compute-property-at-point~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c c - - Compute the property at point, using the operator and scope from the - nearest column format definition. - -** Special properties - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Access to other Org mode features - :END: -#+cindex: properties, special - -Special properties provide an alternative access method to Org mode -features, like the TODO state or the priority of an entry, discussed -in the previous chapters. This interface exists so that you can -include these states in a column view (see [[Column view]]), or to use -them in queries. The following property names are special and (except -for ~:CATEGORY:~) should not be used as keys in the properties drawer: - -#+cindex: property, special, ID -#+cindex: property, special, TODO -#+cindex: property, special, TAGS -#+cindex: property, special, ALLTAGS -#+cindex: property, special, CATEGORY -#+cindex: property, special, PRIORITY -#+cindex: property, special, DEADLINE -#+cindex: property, special, SCHEDULED -#+cindex: property, special, CLOSED -#+cindex: property, special, TIMESTAMP -#+cindex: property, special, TIMESTAMP_IA -#+cindex: property, special, CLOCKSUM -#+cindex: property, special, CLOCKSUM_T -#+cindex: property, special, BLOCKED -# guessing that ITEM is needed in this area; also, should this list be sorted? -#+cindex: property, special, ITEM -#+cindex: property, special, FILE - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.3 0.7 -| ID | A globally unique ID used for synchronization during | -| | iCalendar or MobileOrg export. | -| TODO | The TODO keyword of the entry. | -| TAGS | The tags defined directly in the headline. | -| ALLTAGS | All tags, including inherited ones. | -| CATEGORY | The category of an entry. | -| PRIORITY | The priority of the entry, a string with a single letter. | -| DEADLINE | The deadline time string, without the angular brackets. | -| SCHEDULED | The scheduling timestamp, without the angular brackets. | -| CLOSED | When was this entry closed? | -| TIMESTAMP | The first keyword-less timestamp in the entry. | -| TIMESTAMP_IA | The first inactive timestamp in the entry. | -| CLOCKSUM | The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree. ~org-clock-sum~ | -| | must be run first to compute the values in the current buffer. | -| CLOCKSUM_T | The sum of CLOCK intervals in the subtree for today. | -| | ~org-clock-sum-today~ must be run first to compute the | -| | values in the current buffer. | -| BLOCKED | "t" if task is currently blocked by children or siblings | -| ITEM | The headline of the entry. | -| FILE | The filename the entry is located in. | - -** Property searches - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Matching property values - :END: -#+cindex: properties, searching -#+cindex: searching, of properties - -To create sparse trees and special lists with selection based on properties, -the same commands are used as for tag searches (see [[Tag searches]]). - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}}, ~C-c \~ ~org-match-sparse-tree~ :: - #+kindex: C-c / m - - Create a sparse tree with all matching entries. With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} - prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line. - -- {{{kbd(C-c a m)}}}, ~org-tags-view~ :: - #+kindex: C-c a m - - Create a global list of tag/property matches from all agenda files. - See [[Matching tags and properties]]. - -- {{{kbd(C-c a M)}}}, ~org-tags-view~ :: - #+kindex: C-c a M - #+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels - - Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check - only TODO items and force checking of subitems (see variable - ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). - - -The syntax for the search string is described in [[Matching tags and -properties]]. - -There is also a special command for creating sparse trees based on a -single property: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c / p)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c / p - - Create a sparse tree based on the value of a property. This first - prompts for the name of a property, and then for a value. A sparse - tree is created with all entries that define this property with the - given value. If you enclose the value in curly braces, it is - interpreted as a regular expression and matched against the property - values. - -** Property inheritance - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Passing values down a tree - :END: -#+cindex: properties, inheritance -#+cindex: inheritance, of properties - -#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance - -The outline structure of Org mode documents lends itself to an -inheritance model of properties: if the parent in a tree has a certain -property, the children can inherit this property. Org mode does not -turn this on by default, because it can slow down property searches -significantly and is often not needed. However, if you find -inheritance useful, you can turn it on by setting the variable -~org-use-property-inheritance~. It may be set to ~t~ to make all -properties inherited from the parent, to a list of properties that -should be inherited, or to a regular expression that matches inherited -properties. If a property has the value {{{samp(nil)}}}, this is -interpreted as an explicit undefine of the property, so that -inheritance search will stop at this value and return ~nil~. - -Org mode has a few properties for which inheritance is hard-coded, at -least for the special applications for which they are used: - - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~COLUMNS~ :: - #+cindex: property, COLUMNS - - The ~:COLUMNS:~ property defines the format of column view (see [[Column - view]]). It is inherited in the sense that the level where a ~:COLUMNS:~ - property is defined is used as the starting point for a column view - table, independently of the location in the subtree from where columns - view is turned on. - -- ~CATEGORY~ :: - #+cindex: property, CATEGORY - - For agenda view, a category set through a ~:CATEGORY:~ property - applies to the entire subtree. - -- ~ARCHIVE~ :: - #+cindex: property, ARCHIVE - - For archiving, the ~:ARCHIVE:~ property may define the archive - location for the entire subtree (see [[Moving subtrees]]). - -- ~LOGGING~ :: - #+cindex: property, LOGGING - - The LOGGING property may define logging settings for an entry or a - subtree (see [[Tracking TODO state changes]]). - -** Column view - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tabular viewing and editing - :END: - -A great way to view and edit properties in an outline tree is /column -view/. In column view, each outline node is turned into a table row. -Columns in this table provide access to properties of the entries. Org -mode implements columns by overlaying a tabular structure over the -headline of each item. While the headlines have been turned into a -table row, you can still change the visibility of the outline tree. -For example, you get a compact table by switching to CONTENTS view -({{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}}), or simply {{{kbd(c)}}} while -column view is active), but you can still open, read, and edit the -entry below each headline. Or, you can switch to column view after -executing a sparse tree command and in this way get a table only for -the selected items. Column view also works in agenda buffers (see -[[Agenda views]]) where queries have collected selected items, possibly -from a number of files. - -*** Defining columns - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The COLUMNS format property - :END: -#+cindex: column view, for properties -#+cindex: properties, column view - -Setting up a column view first requires defining the columns. This is -done by defining a column format line. - -**** Scope of column definitions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Where defined, where valid? - :END: - -To define a column format for an entire file, use a line like: - -#+cindex: #+COLUMNS -#+begin_example - ,#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO -#+end_example - -To specify a format that only applies to a specific tree, add a -~:COLUMNS:~ property to the top node of that tree, for example: - -#+begin_example - ,** Top node for columns view - , :PROPERTIES: - , :COLUMNS: %25ITEM %TAGS %PRIORITY %TODO - , :END: -#+end_example - -If a ~:COLUMNS:~ property is present in an entry, it defines columns -for the entry itself, and for the entire subtree below it. Since the -column definition is part of the hierarchical structure of the -document, you can define columns on level 1 that are general enough -for all sublevels, and more specific columns further down, when you -edit a deeper part of the tree. - -**** Column attributes - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Appearance and content of a column - :END: -A column definition sets the attributes of a column. The general -definition looks like this: - - %[{{{var(width)}}}]{{{var(property)}}}[({{{var(title)}}})][{{{{var(summary-type)}}}}] - -{{{noindent}}} Except for the percent sign and the property name, all -items are optional. The individual parts have the following meaning: - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.8 -| Variable | Meaning | -|-------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------| -| {{{var(width)}}} | An integer specifying the width of the column in characters. | -| | If omitted, the width will be determined automatically. | -| {{{var(property)}}} | The property that should be edited in this column. | -| | Special properties representing meta data are allowed here | -| | as well (see [[Special properties]]) | -| {{{var(title)}}} | The header text for the column. If omitted, the property | -| | name is used. | -| {{{var(summary-type)}}} | The summary type. If specified, the column values for | -| | parent nodes are computed from the children. | - -{{{noindent}}} Supported summary types are: - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.8 -| Type | Meaning | -|----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------| -| ~+~ | Sum numbers in this column. | -| ~+;%.1f~ | Like ~+~, but format result with {{{samp(%.1f)}}}. | -| ~$~ | Currency, short for {{{samp(+;%.2f)}}}. | -| ~:~ | Sum times, HH:MM, plain numbers are hours. | -| ~X~ | Checkbox status, {{{samp([X])}}} if all children are {{{samp([X])}}}. | -| ~X/~ | Checkbox status, {{{samp([n/m])}}}. | -| ~X%~ | Checkbox status, {{{samp([n%])}}}. | -| ~min~ | Smallest number in column. | -| ~max~ | Largest number. | -| ~mean~ | Arithmetic mean of numbers. | -| ~:min~ | Smallest time value in column. | -| ~:max~ | Largest time value. | -| ~:mean~ | Arithmetic mean of time values. | -| ~@min~ | Minimum age (in days/hours/mins/seconds). | -| ~@max~ | Maximum age (in days/hours/mins/seconds). | -| ~@mean~ | Arithmetic mean of ages (in days/hours/mins/seconds). | -| ~est+~ | Add low-high estimates. | - - -{{{noindent}}} Be aware that you can only have one summary type for -any property you include. Subsequent columns referencing the same -property will all display the same summary information. - -The ~est+~ summary type requires further explanation. It is used for -combining estimates, expressed as low-high ranges. For example, -instead of estimating a particular task will take 5 days, you might -estimate it as 5-6 days if you're fairly confident you know how much -work is required, or 1-10 days if you don't really know what needs to -be done. Both ranges average at 5.5 days, but the first represents a -more predictable delivery. - -When combining a set of such estimates, simply adding the lows and -highs produces an unrealistically wide result. Instead, ~est+~ adds -the statistical mean and variance of the sub-tasks, generating a final -estimate from the sum. For example, suppose you had ten tasks, each of -which was estimated at 0.5 to 2 days of work. Straight addition -produces an estimate of 5 to 20 days, representing what to expect if -everything goes either extremely well or extremely poorly. In -contrast, ~est+~ estimates the full job more realistically, at 10-15 -days. - -Here is an example for a complete columns definition, along with allowed -values.[fn:58] - -#+begin_example - :COLUMNS: %25ITEM %9Approved(Approved?){X} %Owner %11Status \ - %10Time_Estimate{:} %CLOCKSUM %CLOCKSUM_T - :Owner_ALL: Tammy Mark Karl Lisa Don - :Status_ALL: "In progress" "Not started yet" "Finished" "" - :Approved_ALL: "[ ]" "[X]" -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} The first column, {{{samp(%25ITEM)}}}, means the first -25 characters of the item itself, i.e., of the headline. You probably -always should start the column definition with the {{{samp(ITEM)}}} -specifier. The other specifiers create columns {{{samp(Owner)}}} with -a list of names as allowed values, for {{{samp(Status)}}} with four -different possible values, and for a checkbox field -{{{samp(Approved)}}}. When no width is given after the {{{samp(%)}}} -character, the column will be exactly as wide as it needs to be in -order to fully display all values. The {{{samp(Approved)}}} column -does have a modified title ({{{samp(Approved?)}}}, with a question -mark). Summaries will be created for the {{{samp(Time_Estimate)}}} -column by adding time duration expressions like HH:MM, and for the -{{{samp(Approved)}}} column, by providing an {{{samp([X])}}} status if -all children have been checked. The {{{samp(CLOCKSUM)}}} and -{{{samp(CLOCKSUM_T)}}} columns are special, they lists the sums of -CLOCK intervals in the subtree, either for all clocks or just for -today. - -*** Using column view - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to create and use column view - :END: - -The following commands turn column view on or off: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-c)}}}, ~org-columns~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-c - #+vindex: org-columns-default-format - - Turn on column view. If the cursor is before the first headline in the - file, column view is turned on for the entire file, using the - ~#+COLUMNS~ definition. If the cursor is somewhere inside the outline, - this command searches the hierarchy, up from point, for a ~:COLUMNS:~ - property that defines a format. When one is found, the column view - table is established for the tree starting at the entry that contains - the ~:COLUMNS:~ property. If no such property is found, the format is - taken from the ~#+COLUMNS~ line or from the variable - ~org-columns-default-format~, and column view is established for the - current entry and its subtree. - -- {{{kbd(r)}}}, ~org-columns-redo~ :: - #+kindex: r - - Recreate the column view, to include recent changes made in the - buffer. - -- {{{kbd(g)}}}, ~org-columns-redo~ :: - #+kindex: g - - Same as {{{kbd(r)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(q)}}}, ~org-columns-quit~ :: - #+kindex: q - - Exit column view. - -The following commands let you edit information in column view: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{key(left)}}} {{{key(right)}}} {{{key(up)}}} {{{key(down)}}} :: - - Move through the column view from field to field. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} :: - #+kindex: S-@key{left} - #+kindex: S-@key{right} - - Switch to the next/previous allowed value of the field. For this, you - have to have specified allowed values for a property. - -- {{{kbd(1..9\,0)}}} :: - #+kindex: 1..9,0 - - Directly select the Nth allowed value, {{{kbd(0)}}} selects the 10th - value. - -- {{{kbd(n)}}} {{{kbd(p)}}}, ~org-columns-next-allowed-value~ ~org-columns-previous-allowed-value~ :: - #+kindex: n - - Same as {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} - -- {{{kbd(e)}}}, ~org-columns-edit-value~ :: - #+kindex: e - - Edit the property at point. For the special properties, this will - invoke the same interface that you normally use to change that - property. For example, when editing a TAGS property, the tag - completion or fast selection interface will pop up. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-columns-set-tags-or-toggle~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - When there is a checkbox at point, toggle it. - -- {{{kbd(v)}}}, ~org-columns-show-value~ :: - #+kindex: v - - View the full value of this property. This is useful if the width of - the column is smaller than that of the value. - -- {{{kbd(a)}}}, ~org-columns-edit-allowed~ :: - #+kindex: a - - Edit the list of allowed values for this property. If the list is found - in the hierarchy, the modified values is stored there. If no list is - found, the new value is stored in the first entry that is part of the - current column view. - - -The following commands modify column view on-the-fly: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(<)}}} {{{kbd(>)}}}, ~org-columns-narrow~ ~org-columns-widen~ :: - #+kindex: < - - Make the column narrower/wider by one character. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-M-,right)}}}, ~org-columns-new~ :: - #+kindex: S-M-@key{right} - - Insert a new column, to the left of the current column. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-M-,left)}}}, ~org-columns-delete~ :: - #+kindex: S-M-@key{left} - - Delete the current column. - -*** Capturing column view - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: A dynamic block for column view - :END: - -Since column view is just an overlay over a buffer, it cannot be -exported or printed directly. If you want to capture a column view, -use a ~columnview~ dynamic block (see [[Dynamic blocks]]). The frame of -this block looks like this: - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN, columnview -#+begin_example - ,* The column view - ,#+BEGIN: columnview :hlines 1 :id "label" - - ,#+END: -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} This dynamic block has the following parameters: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:id~ :: - - This is the most important parameter. Column view is a feature that is - often localized to a certain (sub)tree, and the capture block might be - at a different location in the file. To identify the tree whose view - to capture, you can use 4 values: - - #+cindex: property, ID - #+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.35 0.65 - | Value | Meaning | - |---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------| - | local | Use the tree in which the capture block is located. | - | global | Make a global view, including all headings in the file. | - | =file:PATH-TO-FILE= | Run column view at the top of this file. | - | ID | Call column view in the tree that has an ~:ID:~ | - | | property with the value /label/. You can use | - | | {{{kbd(M-x org-id-copy)}}} to create a globally unique ID for | - | | the current entry and copy it to the kill-ring. | - - - local :: - - Use the tree in which the capture block is located. - - - global :: - - Make a global view, including all headings in the file. - - - =file:PATH-TO-FILE= :: - - Run column view at the top of this file. - - - ID :: - - Call column view in the tree that has an ~:ID:~ property with the - value /label/. You can use {{{kbd(M-x org-id-copy)}}} to - create a globally unique ID for the current entry and copy - it to the kill-ring. - -- ~:hlines~ :: - - When ~t~, insert an hline after every line. When a number ~N~, - insert an hline before each headline with level ~<=~ - {{{var(N)}}}. - -- ~:vlines~ :: - - When set to ~t~, force column groups to get vertical lines. - -- ~:maxlevel~ :: - - When set to a number, don't capture entries below this level. - -- ~:skip-empty-rows~ :: - - When set to ~t~, skip rows where the only non-empty specifier of the - column view is ~ITEM~. - - - -{{{noindent}}} The following commands insert or update the dynamic -block: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x i)}}}, ~org-insert-columns-dblock~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x i - - Insert a dynamic block capturing a column view. You will be prompted - for the scope or ID of the view. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-u)}}}, ~org-dblock-update~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - Update dynamic block at point. The cursor needs to be in the ~#+BEGIN~ - line of the dynamic block. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-u)}}}, ~org-update-all-dblocks~ :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-u - - Update all dynamic blocks (see [[Dynamic blocks]]). This is useful if you - have several clock table blocks, column-capturing blocks or other - dynamic blocks in a buffer. - - -You can add formulas to the column view table and you may add plotting -instructions in front of the table---these will survive an update of the -block. If there is a ~#+TBLFM:~ after the table, the table will -actually be recalculated automatically after an update. - -An alternative way to capture and process property values into a table -is provided by Eric Schulte's {{{file(org-collector.el)}}} which is a -contributed package.[fn:59] It provides a general API to collect -properties from entries in a certain scope, and arbitrary Lisp -expressions to process these values before inserting them into a table -or a dynamic block. - -** Property API - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Properties for Lisp programmers - :END: -#+cindex: properties, API -#+cindex: API, for properties - -There is a full API for accessing and changing properties. This API -can be used by Emacs Lisp programs to work with properties and to -implement features based on them. For more information see [[Using the -property API]]. - -* Dates and times - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Making items useful for planning - :ALT_TITLE: Dates and Times - :END: -#+cindex: dates -#+cindex: times -#+cindex: timestamp -#+cindex: date stamp - -To assist project planning, TODO items can be labeled with a date and/or -a time. The specially formatted string carrying the date and time -information is called a /timestamp/ in Org mode. This may be a -little confusing because timestamp is often used as indicating when -something was created or last changed. However, in Org mode this term -is used in a much wider sense. - -** Timestamps - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Assigning a time to a tree entry - :TITLE: Timestamps, deadlines, and scheduling - :END: -#+cindex: timestamps -#+cindex: ranges, time -#+cindex: date stamps -#+cindex: deadlines -#+cindex: scheduling - -A timestamp is a specification of a date (possibly with a time or a -range of times) in a special format, either ~<2003-09-16 Tue>~ or -~<2003-09-16 Tue 09:39>~ or ~<2003-09-16 Tue 12:00-12:30>~.[fn:60] A -timestamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an Org tree -entry. Its presence causes entries to be shown on specific dates in -the agenda (see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]). We distinguish: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Plain timestamp; Event; Appointment :: - #+cindex: timestamp - #+cindex: appointment - - A simple timestamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is just - like writing down an appointment or event in a paper agenda. In the - timeline and agenda displays, the headline of an entry associated with - a plain timestamp will be shown exactly on that date. - - #+begin_example - ,* Meet Peter at the movies - <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15> - ,* Discussion on climate change - <2006-11-02 Thu 20:00-22:00> - #+end_example - -- Timestamp with repeater interval :: - #+cindex: timestamp, with repeater interval - - A timestamp may contain a /repeater interval/, indicating that it - applies not only on the given date, but again and again after a - certain interval of N days (d), weeks (w), months (m), or years (y). - The following will show up in the agenda every Wednesday: - - #+begin_example - ,* Pick up Sam at school - <2007-05-16 Wed 12:30 +1w> - #+end_example - -- Diary-style sexp entries :: - - For more complex date specifications, Org mode supports using the - special sexp diary entries implemented in the Emacs calendar/diary - package.[fn:61] For example, with optional time: - - #+begin_example - ,* 22:00-23:00 The nerd meeting on every 2nd Thursday of the month - <%%(org-float t 4 2)> - #+end_example - -- Time/Date range :: - #+cindex: timerange - #+cindex: date range - - Two timestamps connected by {{{samp(--)}}} denote a range. The headline - will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and on any dates - that are displayed and fall in the range. Here is an example: - - #+begin_example - ,** Meeting in Amsterdam - <2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu> - #+end_example - -- Inactive timestamp :: - #+cindex: timestamp, inactive - #+cindex: inactive timestamp - - Just like a plain timestamp, but with square brackets instead of - angular ones. These timestamps are inactive in the sense that they do - /not/ trigger an entry to show up in the agenda. - - #+begin_example - ,* Gillian comes late for the fifth time - [2006-11-01 Wed] - #+end_example - -** Creating timestamps - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Commands to insert timestamps - :END: -For Org mode to recognize timestamps, they need to be in the specific -format. All commands listed below produce timestamps in the correct -format. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c .)}}}, ~org-time-stamp~ :: - #+kindex: C-c . - - Prompt for a date and insert a corresponding timestamp. When the - cursor is at an existing timestamp in the buffer, the command is used - to modify this timestamp instead of inserting a new one. When this - command is used twice in succession, a time range is inserted. - -- {{{kbd(C-c !)}}}, ~org-time-stamp-inactive~ :: - #+kindex: C-c ! - - Like {{{kbd(C-c .)}}}, but insert an inactive timestamp that will not - cause an agenda entry. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c .)}}} {{{kbd(C-u C-c !)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c . - #+kindex: C-u C-c . - #+kindex: C-u C-c ! - #+vindex: org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes - - Like {{{kbd(C-c .)}}} and {{{kbd(C-c !)}}}, but use the alternative - format which contains date and time. The default time can be rounded - to multiples of 5 minutes, see the option - ~org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes~. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - Normalize timestamp, insert/fix day name if missing or wrong. - -- {{{kbd(C-c <)}}}, ~org-date-from-calendar~ :: - #+kindex: C-c < - - Insert a timestamp corresponding to the cursor date in the Calendar. - -- {{{kbd(C-c >)}}}, ~org-goto-calendar~ :: - #+kindex: C-c > - - Access the Emacs calendar for the current date. If there is a - timestamp in the current line, go to the corresponding date instead. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}}, ~org-open-at-point~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-o - - Access the agenda for the date given by the timestamp or -range at - point (see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]). - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}}, ~org-timestamp-down-day~ ~org-timestamp-up-day~ :: - #+kindex: S-@key{left} - - Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with - shift-selection and related modes (see [[Conflicts]]). - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}}, ~org-timestamp-up~ ~org-timestamp-down-down~ :: - #+kindex: S-@key{up} - - Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can be on - a year, month, day, hour or minute. When the timestamp contains a time - range like {{{samp(15:30-16:30)}}}, modifying the first time will also - shift the second, shifting the time block with constant length. To - change the length, modify the second time. Note that if the cursor is - in a headline and not at a timestamp, these same keys modify the - priority of an item. (see [[Priorities]]). The key bindings also conflict - with shift-selection and related modes (see [[Conflicts]]). - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-y)}}}, ~org-evaluate-time-range~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-y - #+cindex: evaluate time range - - Evaluate a time range by computing the difference between start and - end. With a prefix argument, insert result after the time range (in a - table: into the following column). - -*** The date/time prompt - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How Org mode helps you enter dates and times - :END: -#+cindex: date, reading in minibuffer -#+cindex: time, reading in minibuffer - -#+vindex: org-read-date-prefer-future - -When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown in default -date/time format, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for a specific -format. But it will in fact accept date/time information in a variety -of formats. Generally, the information should start at the beginning -of the string. Org mode will find whatever information is in there and -derive anything you have not specified from the /default date and -time/. The default is usually the current date and time, but when -modifying an existing timestamp, or when entering the second stamp of -a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer. When filling in -information, Org mode assumes that most of the time you will want to -enter a date in the future: if you omit the month/year and the given -day/month is /before/ today, it will assume that you mean a future -date.[fn:62] If the date has been automatically shifted into the -future, the time prompt will show this with {{{samp((=>F))}}}. - -For example, let's assume that today is *June 13, 2006*. Here is how -various inputs will be interpreted, the items filled in by Org mode -are in *bold*. - -| Input | Interpretation | -|--------------+------------------------------------------------------| -| 3-2-5 | {{{result}}} 2003-02-05 | -| 2/5/3 | {{{result}}} 2003-02-05 | -| 14 | {{{result}}} *2006*-*06*-14 | -| 12 | {{{result}}} *2006*-*07*-12 | -| 2/5 | {{{result}}} *2007*-02-05 | -| Fri | {{{result}}} nearest Friday (default date or later) | -| sep 15 | {{{result}}} *2006*-09-15 | -| feb 15 | {{{result}}} *2007*-02-15 | -| sep 12 9 | {{{result}}} 2009-09-12 | -| 12:45 | {{{result}}} *2006*-*06*-*13* 12:45 | -| 22 sept 0:34 | {{{result}}} *2006*-09-22 0:34 | -| w4 | {{{result}}} ISO week for of the current year *2006* | -| 2012 w4 fri | {{{result}}} Friday of ISO week 4 in 2012 | -| 2012-w04-5 | {{{result}}} Same as above | - - -Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the /first/ -thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a letter ([dwmy]) -to indicate change in days, weeks, months, or years. With a single -plus or minus, the date is always relative to today. With a double -plus or minus, it is relative to the default date. If instead of a -single letter, you use the abbreviation of day name, the date will be -the Nth such day, e.g.: - -| Input | Interpretation | -|-------+------------------------------------------| -| +0 | {{{result}}} today | -| . | {{{result}}} today | -| +4d | {{{result}}} four days from today | -| +4 | {{{result}}} same as +4d | -| +2w | {{{result}}} two weeks from today | -| ++5 | {{{result}}} five days from default date | -| +2tue | {{{result}}} second Tuesday from now | - - -#+vindex: parse-time-months -#+vindex: parse-time-weekdays - -The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If -you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure -the variables ~parse-time-months~ and ~parse-time-weekdays~. - -#+vindex: org-read-date-force-compatible-dates - -Not all dates can be represented in a given Emacs implementation. By -default Org mode forces dates into the compatibility range 1970--2037 -which works on all Emacs implementations. If you want to use dates -outside of this range, read the docstring of the variable -~org-read-date-force-compatible-dates~. - -You can specify a time range by giving start and end times or by -giving a start time and a duration (in HH:MM format). Use one or two -dash(es) as the separator in the former case and use '+' as the -separator in the latter case, e.g.: - -| Range | Result | -|--------------+----------------------------| -| 11am-1:15pm | {{{result}}} 11:00-13:15 | -| 11am--1:15pm | {{{result}}} same as above | -| 11am+2:15 | {{{result}}} same as above | - -#+cindex: calendar, for selecting date -#+vindex: org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt - -Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up.[fn:63] -When you exit the date prompt, either by clicking on a date in the -calendar, or by pressing {{{key(RET)}}}, the date selected in the -calendar will be combined with the information entered at the prompt. -You can control the calendar fully from the minibuffer: - -#+kindex: < -#+kindex: > -#+kindex: M-v -#+kindex: C-v -#+kindex: mouse-1 -#+kindex: S-@key{right} -#+kindex: S-@key{left} -#+kindex: S-@key{down} -#+kindex: S-@key{up} -#+kindex: M-S-@key{right} -#+kindex: M-S-@key{left} -#+kindex: @key{RET} - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.3 0.7 -| Key binding | Meaning | -|---------------------------+----------------------------------------| -| {{{key(RET)}}} | Choose date at cursor in calendar. | -| {{{key(mouse-1)}}} | Select date by clicking on it. | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} | One day forward. | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} | One day backward. | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}} | One week forward. | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}} | One week backward. | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,right)}}} | One month forward. | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,left)}}} | One month backward. | -| {{{kbd(>)}}} | Scroll calendar forward by one month. | -| {{{kbd(<)}}} | Scroll calendar backward by one month. | -| {{{kbd(M-v)}}} | Scroll calendar forward by 3 months. | -| {{{kbd(C-v)}}} | Scroll calendar backward by 3 months. | - - -#+vindex: org-read-date-display-live - -The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I assure you they -will grow on you, and you will start getting annoyed by pretty much any other -way of entering a date/time out there. To help you understand what is going -on, the current interpretation of your input will be displayed live in the -minibuffer.[fn:64] - -*** Custom time format - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Making dates look different - :END: -#+cindex: custom date/time format -#+cindex: time format, custom -#+cindex: date format, custom - -#+vindex: org-display-custom-times -#+vindex: org-time-stamp-custom-formats - -Org mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is -defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require -another representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get -it by customizing the variables ~org-display-custom-times~ and -~org-time-stamp-custom-formats~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-t)}}}, ~org-toggle-time-stamp-overlays~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-t - - Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times. - - -{{{noindent}}} -Org mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom date/time -format does not /replace/ the default format---instead it is put -/over/ the default format using text properties. This has the -following consequences: - - -- You cannot place the cursor onto a timestamp anymore, only before or - after. - -- The {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}} keys can no longer be - used to adjust each component of a timestamp. If the cursor is at - the beginning of the stamp, {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}} - {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}} will change the stamp by one day, just like - {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}}. At the end of the - stamp, the time will be changed by one minute. - -- If the timestamp contains a range of clock times or a repeater, - these will not be overlaid, but remain in the buffer as they were. - -- When you delete a timestamp character-by-character, it will only - disappear from the buffer after /all/ (invisible) characters - belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed. - -- If the custom timestamp format is longer than the default and you - are using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If - the custom format is shorter, things do work as expected. - -** Deadlines and scheduling - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Planning your work - :END: - -A timestamp may be preceded by special keywords to facilitate planning: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~DEADLINE~ :: - #+cindex: DEADLINE keyword - - Meaning: the task (most likely a TODO item, though not necessarily) is - supposed to be finished on that date. - - #+vindex: org-deadline-warning-days - - On the deadline date, the task will be listed in the agenda. In - addition, the agenda for /today/ will carry a warning about the - approaching or missed deadline, starting ~org-deadline-warning-days~ - before the due date, and continuing until the entry is marked DONE. An - example: - - #+begin_example - ,*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide - DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun> - The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]] - #+end_example - - You can specify a different lead time for warnings for a specific - deadlines using the following syntax. Here is an example with a - warning period of 5 days ~DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun -5d>~. - -- ~SCHEDULED~ :: - #+cindex: SCHEDULED keyword - - Meaning: you are planning to start working on that task on the given - date. - - #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done - - The headline will be listed under the given date.[fn:65] In addition, - a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present in the - compilation for /today/, until the entry is marked DONE, i.e., the - task will automatically be forwarded until completed. - - #+begin_example - ,*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve. - SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat> - #+end_example - - {{{noindent}}} - *Important:* Scheduling an item in Org mode should /not/ be - understood in the same way that we understand /scheduling a meeting/. - Setting a date for a meeting is just a simple appointment, you should - mark this entry with a simple plain timestamp, to get this item shown - on the date where it applies. This is a frequent misunderstanding by - Org users. In Org mode, /scheduling/ means setting a date when you - want to start working on an action item. - - -You may use timestamps with repeaters in scheduling and deadline -entries. Org mode will issue early and late warnings based on the -assumption that the timestamp represents the /nearest instance/ of -the repeater. However, the use of diary sexp entries like - -~<%%(org-float t 42)>~ - -in scheduling and deadline timestamps is limited. Org mode does not -know enough about the internals of each sexp function to issue early and -late warnings. However, it will show the item on each day where the -sexp entry matches. - -*** Inserting deadline/schedule - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Planning items - :TITLE: Inserting deadlines or schedules - :END: - -The following commands allow you to quickly insert a deadline or to schedule -an item:[fn:66] - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-d)}}}, ~org-deadline~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-d - - Insert {{{samp(DEADLINE)}}} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion - will happen in the line directly following the headline. Any CLOSED - timestamp will be removed. When called with a prefix arg, an existing - deadline will be removed from the entry. Depending on the variable - ~org-log-redeadline~, a note will be taken when changing an existing - deadline.[fn:67] - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}}, ~org-schedule~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-s - - Insert {{{samp(SCHEDULED)}}} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion - will happen in the line directly following the headline. Any - {{{samp(CLOSED)}}} timestamp will be removed. When called with a - prefix argument, remove the scheduling date from the entry. Depending - on the variable ~org-log-reschedule~, a note will be taken when - changing an existing scheduling time.[fn:68] - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-k)}}}, ~org-mark-entry-for-agenda-action~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-k - #+kindex: k a - #+kindex: k s - - Mark the current entry for agenda action. After you have marked the - entry like this, you can open the agenda or the calendar to find an - appropriate date. With the cursor on the selected date, press - {{{kbd(k s)}}} or {{{kbd(k d)}}} to schedule the marked item. - -- {{{kbd(C-c / d)}}}, ~org-check-deadlines~ :: - #+kindex: C-c / d - #+cindex: sparse tree, for deadlines - #+vindex: org-deadline-warning-days - - Create a sparse tree with all deadlines that are either past-due, or - which will become due within ~org-deadline-warning-days~. With - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, show all deadlines in the file. With a numeric - prefix, check that many days. For example, {{{kbd(C-1 C-c / d)}}} - shows all deadlines due tomorrow. - -- {{{kbd(C-c / b)}}}, ~org-check-before-date~ :: - #+kindex: C-c / b - - Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items before a given date. - -- {{{kbd(C-c / a)}}}, ~org-check-after-date~ :: - #+kindex: C-c / a - - Sparse tree for deadlines and scheduled items after a given date. - - -Note that ~org-schedule~ and ~org-deadline~ supports setting the date -by indicating a relative time: e.g. +1d will set the date to the next -day after today, and --1w will set the date to the previous week -before any current timestamp. - -*** Repeated tasks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Items that show up again and again - :END: -#+cindex: tasks, repeated -#+cindex: repeated tasks - -Some tasks need to be repeated again and again. Org mode helps to -organize such tasks using a so-called repeater in a DEADLINE, SCHEDULED, -or plain timestamp. In the following example: - -#+begin_example - ,** TODO Pay the rent - DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m> -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} the ~+1m~ is a repeater; the intended interpretation is -that the task has a deadline on <2005-10-01> and repeats itself every -(one) month starting from that time. You can use yearly, monthly, -weekly, daily and hourly repeat cookies by using the ~y/w/m/d/h~ -letters. If you need both a repeater and a special warning period in a -deadline entry, the repeater should come first and the warning period -last: ~DEADLINE: <2005-10-01 Sat +1m -3d>~. - -#+vindex: org-todo-repeat-to-state - -Deadlines and scheduled items produce entries in the agenda when they -are over-due, so it is important to be able to mark such an entry as -completed once you have done so. When you mark a DEADLINE or a -SCHEDULE with the TODO keyword DONE, it will no longer produce entries -in the agenda. The problem with this is, however, that then also the -/next/ instance of the repeated entry will not be active. Org mode -deals with this in the following way: When you try to mark such an -entry DONE (using {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}}), it will shift the base date of -the repeating timestamp by the repeater interval, and immediately set -the entry state back to TODO.[fn:69] In the example above, setting the -state to DONE would actually switch the date like this: - -#+begin_example - ,** TODO Pay the rent - DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue +1m> -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-log-repeat - -A timestamp will be added under the deadline, to keep a record that -you actually acted on the previous instance of this deadline.[fn:70] - -As a consequence of shifting the base date, this entry will no longer be -visible in the agenda when checking past dates, but all future instances -will be visible. - -With the {{{samp(+1m)}}} cookie, the date shift will always be exactly one -month. So if you have not paid the rent for three months, marking this -entry DONE will still keep it as an overdue deadline. Depending on the -task, this may not be the best way to handle it. For example, if you -forgot to call your father for 3 weeks, it does not make sense to call -him 3 times in a single day to make up for it. Finally, there are tasks -like changing batteries which should always repeat a certain time -/after/ the last time you did it. For these tasks, Org mode has -special repeaters {{{samp(++)}}} and {{{samp(.+)}}}. For example: - -#+begin_example - ,** TODO Call Father - DEADLINE: <2008-02-10 Sun ++1w> - Marking this DONE will shift the date by at least one week, - but also by as many weeks as it takes to get this date into - the future. However, it stays on a Sunday, even if you called - and marked it done on Saturday. - ,** TODO Check the batteries in the smoke detectors - DEADLINE: <2005-11-01 Tue .+1m> - Marking this DONE will shift the date to one month after - today. -#+end_example - -You may have both scheduling and deadline information for a specific -task---just make sure that the repeater intervals on both are the -same. - -An alternative to using a repeater is to create a number of copies of -a task subtree, with dates shifted in each copy. The command -{{{kbd(C-c C-x c)}}} was created for this purpose, it is described in -[[Structure editing]]. - -** Clocking work time - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tracking how long you spend on a task - :END: -#+cindex: clocking time -#+cindex: time clocking - -Org mode allows you to clock the time you spend on specific tasks in a -project. When you start working on an item, you can start the clock. When -you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the clock is -stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded. It also computes -the total time spent on each subtree of a project.[fn:71] And it remembers a -history or tasks recently clocked, to that you can jump quickly between a -number of tasks absorbing your time. - -To save the clock history across Emacs sessions, use: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-clock-persist 'history) - (org-clock-persistence-insinuate) -#+end_src - -When you clock into a new task after resuming Emacs, the incomplete -clock will be found (see [[Resolving idle time]]) and you will be prompted -about what to do with it.[fn:72] - -*** Clocking commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Starting and stopping a clock - :END: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-i)}}}, ~org-clock-in~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-i - #+vindex: org-clock-into-drawer - #+vindex: org-clock-continuously - #+cindex: property, LOG_INTO_DRAWER - - Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the CLOCK - keyword together with a timestamp. If this is not the first clocking - of this item, the multiple CLOCK lines will be wrapped into a - ~:LOGBOOK:~ drawer (see also the variable ~org-clock-into-drawer~). - You can also overrule the setting of this variable for a subtree by - setting a ~CLOCK_INTO_DRAWER~ or ~LOG_INTO_DRAWER~ property. When - called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument, select the task from a - list of recently clocked tasks. With two {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} prefixes, - clock into the task at point and mark it as the default task; the - default task will then always be available with letter {{{kbd(d)}}} - when selecting a clocking task. With three {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u)}}} - prefixes, force continuous clocking by starting the clock when the - last clock stopped.@* - - #+cindex: property: CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL - #+cindex: property: LAST_REPEAT - #+vindex: org-clock-modeline-total - - While the clock is running, the current clocking time is shown in the - mode line, along with the title of the task. The clock time shown will - be all time ever clocked for this task and its children. If the task - has an effort estimate (see [[Effort estimates]]), the mode line displays - the current clocking time against it.[fn:73] If the task is a - repeating one (see [[Repeated tasks]]), only the time since the last reset - of the task will be shown.[fn:74] More control over what time is shown - can be exercised with the ~CLOCK_MODELINE_TOTAL~ property. It may have - the values ~current~ to show only the current clocking instance, - ~today~ to show all time clocked on this tasks today (see also the - variable ~org-extend-today-until~), ~all~ to include all time, or - ~auto~ which is the default.[fn:75] Clicking with {{{kbd(mouse-1)}}} - onto the mode line entry will pop up a menu with clocking options. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-o)}}}, ~org-clock-out~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-o - #+vindex: org-log-note-clock-out - - Stop the clock (clock-out). This inserts another timestamp at the same - location where the clock was last started. It also directly computes - the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as - {{{samp(=>HH:MM)}}}. See the variable ~org-log-note-clock-out~ for the - possibility to record an additional note together with the clock-out - timestamp.[fn:76] - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-x)}}}, ~org-clock-in-last~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-x - #+vindex: org-clock-continuously - - Reclock the last clocked task. With one {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix - argument, select the task from the clock history. With two - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefixes, force continuous clocking by starting the - clock when the last clock stopped. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-e)}}}, ~org-clock-modify-effort-estimate~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-e - - Update the effort estimate for the current clock task. -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} {{{kbd(C-c C-y)}}}, ~org-evaluate-time-range~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - #+kindex: C-c C-y - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - Recompute the time interval after changing one of the timestamps. This - is only necessary if you edit the timestamps directly. If you change - them with {{{kbdkey(S-,cursor)}}} keys, the update is automatic. - -- {{{kbdkey(C-S-,up)}}} {{{kbdkey(C-S-,down)}}}, ~org-clock-timestamps-up/down~ :: - #+kindex: C-S-@key{up/down} - - On ~CLOCK~ log lines, increase/decrease both timestamps so that the - clock duration keeps the same. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-M-,up)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-M-,down)}}}, ~org-timestamp-up/down~ :: - #+kindex: S-M-@key{up/down} - - On ~CLOCK~ log lines, increase/decrease the timestamp at point and the - one of the previous (or the next clock) timestamp by the same - duration. For example, if you hit {{{kbdkey(S-M-,up)}}} to increase a - clocked-out timestamp by five minutes, then the clocked-in timestamp - of the next clock will be increased by five minutes. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-t)}}}, ~org-todo~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-t - - Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the - clock if it is running in this same item. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-q)}}}, ~org-clock-cancel~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-q - - Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by - mistake, or if you ended up working on something else. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-j)}}}, ~org-clock-goto~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-j - - Jump to the headline of the currently clocked in task. With a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix arg, select the target task from a list of - recently clocked tasks. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-d)}}}, ~org-clock-display~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-d - #+vindex: org-remove-highlights-with-change - - Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer. This - puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time - recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. - You can use visibility cycling to study the tree, but the overlays - disappear when you change the buffer (see variable - ~org-remove-highlights-with-change~) or press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}. - - -The {{{kbd(l)}}} key may be used in the timeline (see [[Timeline for a -single file]]) and in the agenda (see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]) to show which -tasks have been worked on or closed during a day. - -*Important:* note that both ~org-clock-out~ and ~org-clock-in-last~ -can have a global keybinding and will not modify the window -disposition. - -*** The clock table - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Detailed reports - :END: -#+cindex: clocktable, dynamic block -#+cindex: report, of clocked time - -Org mode can produce quite complex reports based on the time clocking -information. Such a report is called a /clock table/, because it is -formatted as one or several Org tables. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-r)}}}, ~org-clock-report~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-r - - Insert a dynamic block (see [[Dynamic blocks]]) containing a clock report - as an Org mode table into the current file. When the cursor is at an - existing clock table, just update it. When called with a prefix - argument, jump to the first clock report in the current document and - update it. The clock table always includes also trees with ~:ARCHIVE:~ - tag. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-u)}}}, ~org-dblock-update~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - Update dynamic block at point. The cursor needs to be in the - ~#+BEGIN~ line of the dynamic block. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-u)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-u - - Update all dynamic blocks (see [[Dynamic blocks]]). This is useful if you - have several clock table blocks in a buffer. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}}, ~org-clocktable-try-shift~ :: - - Shift the current ~:block~ interval and update the table. The cursor - needs to be in the ~#+BEGIN: clocktable~ line for this command. If - ~:block~ is ~today~, it will be shifted to ~today-1~ etc. - - -Here is an example of the frame for a clock table as it is inserted -into the buffer with the {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-r)}}} command: - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN, clocktable -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil :scope file - ,#+END: clocktable -#+end_example -{{{noindent}}} -#+vindex: org-clocktable-defaults -The {{{samp(BEGIN)}}} line and specify a number of options to define the scope, -structure, and formatting of the report. Defaults for all these options can -be configured in the variable ~org-clocktable-defaults~. - -{{{noindent}}} First there are options that determine which clock entries are to -be selected: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- :maxlevel :: - - Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table. Clocks at - deeper levels will be summed into the upper level. - -- :scope :: - - The scope to consider. This can be any of the following: - - - nil :: the current buffer or narrowed region - - file :: the full current buffer - - subtree :: the subtree where the clocktable is located - - tree {{{var(N)}}} :: the surrounding level {{{var(N)}}} tree, for example ~tree3~ - - tree :: the surrounding level 1 tree - - agenda :: all agenda files - - ("file"..) :: scan these files - - file-with-archives :: current file and its archives - - agenda-with-archives :: all agenda files, including archives - -- :block :: - - The time block to consider. This block is specified either absolute, - or relative to the current time and may be any of these formats: - - - 2007-12-31 :: New year eve 2007 - - 2007-12 :: December 2007 - - 2007-W50 :: ISO-week 50 in 2007 - - 2007-Q2 :: 2nd quarter in 2007 - - 2007 :: the year 2007 - - today, yesterday, today-{{{var(N)}}} :: a relative day - - thisweek, lastweek, thisweek-{{{var(N)}}} :: a relative week - - thismonth, lastmonth, thismonth-{{{var(N)}}} :: a relative month - - thisyear, lastyear, thisyear-{{{var(N)}}} :: a relative year - - Use {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} or {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} to shift the - time interval. - -- :tstart :: - - A time string specifying when to start considering times. - -- :tend :: - - A time string specifying when to stop considering times. - -- :step :: - - Set to ~week~ or ~day~ to split the table into chunks. To use this, - ~:block~ or ~:tstart~, ~:tend~ are needed. - -- :stepskip0 :: - - Do not show steps that have zero time. - -- :fileskip0 :: - - Do not show table sections from files which did not contribute. - -- :tags :: - - A tags match to select entries that should contribute. See [[Matching - tags and properties]] for the match syntax. - - -Then there are options which determine the formatting of the table. There -options are interpreted by the function ~org-clocktable-write-default~, -but you can specify your own function using the ~:formatter~ parameter. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- :emphasize :: - - When ~t~, emphasize level one and level two items. - -- :lang :: - - Language to use for descriptive cells like "Task".[fn:77] - -- :link :: - - Link the item headlines in the table to their origins. - -- :narrow :: - - An integer to limit the width of the headline column in the org table. - If you write it like {{{samp(50!)}}}, then the headline will also be - shortened in export. - -- :indent :: - - Indent each headline field according to its level. - -- :tcolumns :: - - Number of columns to be used for times. If this is smaller than - ~:maxlevel~, lower levels will be lumped into one column. - -- :level :: - - Should a level number column be included? - -- :compact :: - - Abbreviation for ~:level nil :indent t :narrow 40! :tcolumns 1~. All - are overwritten except if there is an explicit ~:narrow~. - -- :timestamp :: - - A timestamp for the entry, when available. Look for SCHEDULED, - DEADLINE, TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP_IA, in this order. - -- :properties :: - - List of properties that should be shown in the table. Each property - will get its own column. - -- :inherit-props :: - - When this flag is ~t~, the values for ~:properties~ will be inherited. - -- :formula :: - - Content of a ~#+TBLFM~ line to be added and evaluated. As a special - case, {{{samp(:formula %)}}} adds a column with % time. If you do not - specify a formula here, any existing formula below the clock table - will survive updates and be evaluated. - -- :formatter :: - - A function to format clock data and insert it into the buffer. - - -To get a clock summary of the current level 1 tree, for the current -day, you could write: - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today :scope tree1 :link t - ,#+END: clocktable -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} To use a specific time range you could write:[fn:78] - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>" - :tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>" - ,#+END: clocktable -#+end_example - -A summary of the current subtree with % times would be: - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope subtree :link t :formula % - ,#+END: clocktable -#+end_example - -A horizontally compact representation of everything clocked during -last week would be: - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: clocktable :scope agenda :block lastweek :compact t - ,#+END: clocktable -#+end_example - -*** Resolving idle time - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Resolving time when you've been idle - :TITLE: Resolving idle time and continuous clocking - :END: - -#+cindex: resolve idle time -#+cindex: idle, resolve, dangling - -If you clock in on a work item, and then walk away from your -computer---perhaps to take a phone call---you often need to -``resolve'' the time you were away by either subtracting it from the -current clock, or applying it to another one. - -#+vindex: org-clock-idle-time - -By customizing the variable ~org-clock-idle-time~ to some integer, -such as 10 or 15, Emacs can alert you when you get back to your -computer after being idle for that many minutes, and ask what you want -to do with the idle time.[fn:79] There will be a question waiting for you -when you get back, indicating how much idle time has passed -(constantly updated with the current amount), as well as a set of -choices to correct the discrepancy: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(k)}}} :: - #+kindex: k - - To keep some or all of the minutes and stay clocked in, press - {{{kbd(k)}}}. Org will ask how many of the minutes to keep. Press - {{{key(RET)}}} to keep them all, effectively changing nothing, or - enter a number to keep that many minutes. - -- {{{kbd(K)}}} :: - #+kindex: K - - If you use the shift key and press {{{kbd(K)}}}, it will keep however - many minutes you request and then immediately clock out of that task. - If you keep all of the minutes, this is the same as just clocking out - of the current task. - -- {{{kbd(s)}}} :: - #+kindex: s - - To keep none of the minutes, use {{{kbd(s)}}} to subtract all the away - time from the clock, and then check back in from the moment you - returned. - -- {{{kbd(S)}}} :: - #+kindex: S - - To keep none of the minutes and just clock out at the start of the - away time, use the shift key and press {{{kbd(S)}}}. Remember that - using shift will always leave you clocked out, no matter which option - you choose. - -- {{{kbd(C)}}} :: - #+kindex: C - - To cancel the clock altogether, use {{{kbd(C)}}}. Note that if instead - of canceling you subtract the away time, and the resulting clock - amount is less than a minute, the clock will still be canceled rather - than clutter up the log with an empty entry. - - -What if you subtracted those away minutes from the current clock, and -now want to apply them to a new clock? Simply clock in to any task -immediately after the subtraction. Org will notice that you have -subtracted time ``on the books'', so to speak, and will ask if you -want to apply those minutes to the next task you clock in on. - -There is one other instance when this clock resolution magic occurs. -Say you were clocked in and hacking away, and suddenly your cat chased -a mouse who scared a hamster that crashed into your UPS's power -button! You suddenly lose all your buffers, but thanks to auto-save -you still have your recent Org mode changes, including your last clock -in. - -If you restart Emacs and clock into any task, Org will notice that you -have a dangling clock which was never clocked out from your last -session. Using that clock's starting time as the beginning of the -unaccounted-for period, Org will ask how you want to resolve that -time. The logic and behavior is identical to dealing with away time -due to idleness; it is just happening due to a recovery event rather -than a set amount of idle time. - -You can also check all the files visited by your Org agenda for -dangling clocks at any time using {{{kbd(M-x org-resolve-clocks RET)}}} - (or {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-z)}}}). - -*** Continuous clocking -#+cindex: continuous clocking -#+vindex: org-clock-continuously - -You may want to start clocking from the time when you clocked out the -previous task. To enable this systematically, set -~org-clock-continuously~ to ~t~. Each time you clock in, Org retrieves -the clock-out time of the last clocked entry for this session, and -start the new clock from there. - -If you only want this from time to time, use three universal prefix -arguments with ~org-clock-in~ and two {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} with -~org-clock-in-last~. - -** Effort estimates - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Planning work effort in advance - :END: -#+cindex: effort estimates -#+cindex: property, Effort -#+vindex: org-effort-property - -If you want to plan your work in a very detailed way, or if you need -to produce offers with quotations of the estimated work effort, you -may want to assign effort estimates to entries. If you are also -clocking your work, you may later want to compare the planned effort -with the actual working time, a great way to improve planning -estimates. Effort estimates are stored in a special property -{{{samp(Effort)}}}.[fn:80] You can set the effort for an entry with -the following commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @kbd -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x e)}}}, ~org-set-effort~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x e - - Set the effort estimate for the current entry. With a numeric prefix - argument, set it to the Nth allowed value (see below). This command is - also accessible from the agenda with the {{{kbd(e)}}} key. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-e)}}}, ~org-clock-modify-effort-estimate~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-e - - Modify the effort estimate of the item currently being clocked. - - -Clearly the best way to work with effort estimates is through column -view (see [[Column view]]). You should start by setting up discrete values -for effort estimates, and a ~COLUMNS~ format that displays these -values together with clock sums (if you want to clock your time). For -a specific buffer you can use: - -#+begin_example - ,#+PROPERTY: Effort_ALL 0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 - ,#+COLUMNS: %40ITEM(Task) %17Effort(Estimated Effort){:} %CLOCKSUM -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-global-properties -#+vindex: org-columns-default-format - -{{{noindent}}} or, even better, you can set up these values globally -by customizing the variables ~org-global-properties~ and -~org-columns-default-format~. In particular if you want to use this -setup also in the agenda, a global setup may be advised. - -The way to assign estimates to individual items is then to switch to -column mode, and to use {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} and -{{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} to change the value. The values you enter will -immediately be summed up in the hierarchy. In the column next to it, -any clocked time will be displayed. - -#+vindex: org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum - -If you switch to column view in the daily/weekly agenda, the effort column -will summarize the estimated work effort for each day, and you can use this to find space in your schedule. To get -an overview of the entire part of the day that is committed, you can set the -option ~org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum~.[fn:179] The -appointments on a day that take place over a specified time interval will -then also be added to the load estimate of the day. - -Effort estimates can be used in secondary agenda filtering that is -triggered with the {{{kbd(/)}}} key in the agenda (see [[Agenda -commands]]). If you have these estimates defined consistently, two or -three key presses will narrow down the list to stuff that fits into an -available time slot. - -** Relative timer - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Notes with a running timer - :TITLE: Taking notes with a relative timer - :END: -#+cindex: relative timer - -When taking notes during, for example, a meeting or a video viewing, it can -be useful to have access to times relative to a starting time. Org provides -such a relative timer and make it easy to create timed notes. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x .)}}}, ~org-timer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x . - - Insert a relative time into the buffer. The first time you use this, the - timer will be started. When called with a prefix argument, the timer is - restarted. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x -)}}}, ~org-timer-item~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x - - - Insert a description list item with the current relative time. With a prefix - argument, first reset the timer to 0. - -- {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}}, ~org-insert-heading~ :: - #+kindex: M-@key{RET} - - Once the timer list is started, you can also use {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}} - to insert new timer items. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x \,)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x , - #+kindex: C-c C-x , - - Pause the timer, or continue it if it is already paused - ({{{command(org-timer-pause-or-continue)}}}). - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x \,)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x , - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x , - - Stop the timer. After this, you can only start a new timer, not - continue the old one. This command also removes the timer from the - mode line. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x 0)}}}, ~org-timer-start~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x 0 - - Reset the timer without inserting anything into the buffer. By - default, the timer is reset to 0. When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} - prefix, reset the timer to specific starting offset. The user is - prompted for the offset, with a default taken from a timer string at - point, if any, So this can be used to restart taking notes after a - break in the process. When called with a double prefix argument - {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}}, change all timer strings in the active region by a - certain amount. This can be used to fix timer strings if the timer was - not started at exactly the right moment. - -** Countdown timer - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Starting a countdown timer for a task - :END: -#+cindex: Countdown timer -#+kindex: C-c C-x ; -#+kindex: ; - -Calling ~org-timer-set-timer~ from an Org mode buffer runs a countdown -timer. Use {{{kbd(;)}}} from agenda buffers, {{{key(C-c C-x ;)}}} -everywhere else. - -~org-timer-set-timer~ prompts the user for a duration and displays a -countdown timer in the modeline. ~org-timer-default-timer~ sets the -default countdown value. Giving a prefix numeric argument overrides this -default value. - -* Capture - Refile - Archive - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The ins and outs for projects - :END: -#+cindex: capture - -An important part of any organization system is the ability to quickly -capture new ideas and tasks, and to associate reference material with -them. Org does this using a process called /capture/. It also can -store files related to a task (/attachments/) in a special directory. -Once in the system, tasks and projects need to be moved around. Moving -completed project trees to an archive file keeps the system compact -and fast. - -** Capture - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Capturing new stuff - :END: -#+cindex: capture - -Org's method for capturing new items is heavily inspired by John -Wiegley excellent remember package. Up to version 6.36 Org used a -special setup for {{{file(remember.el)}}}. The file {{{file(org-remember.el)}}} -is still part of Org mode for backward compatibility with existing -setups. You can find the documentation for org-remember at -[[http://orgmode.org/org-remember.pdf]]. - -The new capturing setup described here is preferred and should be used by new -users. To convert your ~org-remember-templates~, run the following command: -{{{kbdspckey(M-x org-capture-import-remember-templates,RET)}}} - -{{{noindent}}} and then customize the new variable with -{{{kbd(M-x customize-variable org-capture-templates)}}}, check the result, and -save the customization. You can then use both remember and capture -until you are familiar with the new mechanism. - -Capture lets you quickly store notes with little interruption of your work -flow. The basic process of capturing is very similar to remember, but Org -does enhance it with templates and more. - -*** Setting up capture - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Where notes will be stored - :END: - -The following customization sets a default target file for notes, and defines -a global key for capturing new material.[fn:81] - -#+vindex: org-default-notes-file -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-default-notes-file (concat org-directory "/notes.org")) -(define-key global-map "\C-cc" 'org-capture) -#+end_src - -*** Using capture - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Commands to invoke and terminate capture - :END: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c c)}}}, ~org-capture~ :: - #+kindex: C-c c - #+cindex: date tree - - Call the command ~org-capture~. Note that this keybinding is global - and not active by default - you need to install it. If you have - templates defined (see [[Capture templates]], it will offer these - templates for selection or use a new Org outline node as the default - template. It will insert the template into the target file and switch - to an indirect buffer narrowed to this new node. You may then insert - the information you want. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}}, ~org-capture-finalize~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - Once you have finished entering information into the capture buffer, - {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} will return you to the window configuration before - the capture process, so that you can resume your work without further - distraction. When called with a prefix argument, finalize and then - jump to the captured item. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}}, ~org-capture-refile~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-w - - Finalize the capture process by refiling the note to a different place - (see [[Refile and copy]]). Please realize that this is a normal refiling - command that will be executed---so the cursor position at the moment - you run this command is important. If you have inserted a tree with a - parent and children, first move the cursor back to the parent. Any - prefix argument given to this command will be passed on to the - ~org-refile~ command. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-k)}}}, ~org-capture-kill~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-k - - Abort the capture process and return to the previous state. - - -You can also call ~org-capture~ in a special way from the agenda, -using the {{{kbd(k c)}}} key combination. With this access, timestamps -inserted by the selected capture template will default to the cursor -date in the agenda, rather than to the current date. - -To find the locations of the last stored capture, use ~org-capture~ with -prefix commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c c)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c c - - Visit the target location of a capture template. You get to select the - template in the usual way. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c c)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c c - - Visit the last stored capture item in its buffer. - - -#+vindex: org-capture-bookmark -#+cindex: org-capture-last-stored - -You can also jump to the bookmark ~org-capture-last-stored~, which -will automatically be created unless you set ~org-capture-bookmark~ to -~nil~. - -To insert the capture at point in an Org buffer, call ~org-capture~ -with a ~C-0~ prefix argument. - -*** Capture templates - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Define the outline of different note types - :END: -#+cindex: templates, for Capture - -You can use templates for different types of capture items, and for -different target locations. The easiest way to create such templates -is through the customize interface. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c c C)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c c C - - Customize the variable ~org-capture-templates~. - - -Before we give the formal description of template definitions, let's -look at an example. Say you would like to use one template to create -general TODO entries, and you want to put these entries under the -heading {{{samp(Tasks)}}} in your file {{{file(~/org/gtd.org)}}}. -Also, a date tree in the file {{{file(journal.org)}}} should capture -journal entries. A possible configuration would look like: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-capture-templates - '(("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "~/org/gtd.org" "Tasks") - "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a") - ("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org") - "* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a"))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} If you then press {{{kbd(C-c c t)}}}, Org will prepare -the template for you like this: - -#+begin_example - ,* TODO - [[file:link to where you initiated capture]] -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} During expansion of the template, ~%a~ has been -replaced by a link to the location from where you called the capture -command. This can be extremely useful for deriving tasks from emails, -for example. You fill in the task definition, press ~C-c C-c~ and Org -returns you to the same place where you started the capture process. - -To define special keys to capture to a particular template without -going through the interactive template selection, you can create your -key binding like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(define-key global-map "\C-cx" - (lambda () (interactive) (org-capture nil "x"))) -#+end_src - -**** Template elements - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What is needed for a complete template entry - :END: - -Now lets look at the elements of a template definition. Each entry in -~org-capture-templates~ is a list with the following items: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~keys~ :: - - The keys that will select the template, as a string, characters - only, for example "a" for a template to be selected with a - single key, or "BTW" for selection with two keys. When using - several keys, keys using the same prefix key must be sequential - in the list and preceded by a 2-element entry explaining the - prefix key, for example: - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - ("b" "Templates for marking stuff to buy") - #+end_src - - {{{noindent}}} If you do not define a template for the {{{kbd(C)}}} - key, this key will be used to open the customize buffer for this - complex variable. - -- ~description~ :: - - A short string describing the template, which will be shown during - selection. - -- ~type~ :: - - The type of entry, a symbol. Valid values are: - - - ~entry~ :: - - An Org mode node, with a headline. Will be filed as the child of the - target entry or as a top-level entry. The target file should be an Org - mode file. - - - ~item~ :: - - A plain list item, placed in the first plain list at the target - location. Again the target file should be an Org file. - - - ~checkitem~ :: - - A checkbox item. This only differs from the plain list item by the - default template. - - - ~table-line~ :: - - A new line in the first table at the target location. Where exactly - the line will be inserted depends on the properties ~:prepend~ and - ~:table-line-pos~ (see below). - - - plain :: - - Text to be inserted as it is. - -- target :: - #+vindex: org-default-notes-file - - Specification of where the captured item should be placed. In Org mode - files, targets usually define a node. Entries will become children of this - node. Other types will be added to the table or list in the body of this - node. Most target specifications contain a file name. If that file name is - the empty string, it defaults to ~org-default-notes-file~. A file can - also be given as a variable, function, or Emacs Lisp form. - - Valid values are: - - - ~(file "path/to/file")~ :: - - Text will be placed at the beginning or end of that file. - - - ~(id "id of existing org entry")~ :: - - Filing as child of this entry, or in the body of the entry. - - - ~(file+headline "path/to/file" "node headline")~ :: - - Fast configuration if the target heading is unique in the file. - - - ~(file+olp "path/to/file" "Level 1 heading" "Level 2" ...)~ :: - - For non-unique headings, the full path is safer. - - - ~(file+regexp "path/to/file" "regexp to find location")~ :: - - Use a regular expression to position the cursor. - - - ~(file+datetree "path/to/file")~ :: - - Will create a heading in a date tree for today's date. - - - ~(file+datetree+prompt "path/to/file")~ :: - - Will create a heading in a date tree, but will prompt for the date. - - - ~(file+function "path/to/file" function-finding-location)~ :: - - A function to find the right location in the file. - - - ~(clock)~ :: - - File to the entry that is currently being clocked. - - - ~(function function-finding-location)~ :: - - Most general way, write your own function to find both - file and location. - -- ~template~ :: - - The template for creating the capture item. If you leave this empty, - an appropriate default template will be used. Otherwise this is a - string with escape codes, which will be replaced depending on time and - context of the capture call. The string with escapes may be loaded - from a template file, using the special syntax - ~(file "path/to/template")~. See below for more details. - -- ~properties~ :: - - The rest of the entry is a property list of additional options. - Recognized properties are: - - - ~:prepend~ :: - - Normally new captured information will be appended at the target - location (last child, last table line, last list item, ...). Setting - this property will change that. - - - ~:immediate-finish~ :: - - When set, do not offer to edit the information, just file it away - immediately. This makes sense if the template only needs information - that can be added automatically. - - - ~:empty-lines~ :: - - Set this to the number of lines to insert before and after the new - item. The default is 0, and the only other common value is 1. - - - ~:clock-in~ :: - - Start the clock in this item. - - - ~:clock-keep~ :: - - Keep the clock running when filing the captured entry. - - - ~:clock-resume~ :: - - If starting the capture interrupted a clock, restart that clock when - finished with the capture. Note that ~:clock-keep~ has precedence over - ~:clock-resume~. When setting both to ~t~, the current clock will run - and the previous one will not be resumed. - - - ~:unnarrowed~ :: - - Do not narrow the target buffer, simply show the full buffer. Default - is to narrow it so that you only see the new material. - - - ~:table-line-pos~ :: - - Specification of the location in the table where the new line should - be inserted. It should be a string like "II-3" meaning that the new - line should become the third line before the second horizontal - separator line. - - - ~:kill-buffer~ :: - - If the target file was not yet visited when capture was invoked, kill - the buffer again after capture is completed. - -**** Template expansion - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Filling in information about time and context - :END: - -In the template itself, special {{{kbd(%)}}}-escapes allow dynamic -insertion of content.[fn:82] The templates are expanded in the order given -here: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- %[{{{var(file)}}}] :: - - Insert the contents of the file given by {{{var(file)}}}. - -- %({{{var(sexp)}}}) :: - - Evaluate Elisp {{{var(sexp)}}} and replace with the result. The - {{{var(sexp)}}} must return a string. - -- %<...> :: - - The result of format-time-string on the ... format specification. - -- %t :: - - Timestamp, date only. - -- %T :: - - Timestamp, with date and time. - -- %u, %U :: - - Like ~%t~, ~%T~ above, but inactive timestamps. - -- %i :: - - Initial content, the region when capture is called while the region is - active. The entire text will be indented like ~%i~ itself. - -- %a :: - - Annotation, normally the link created with ~org-store-link~. - -- %A :: - - Like ~%a~, but prompt for the description part. - -- %l :: - - Like ~%a~, but only insert the literal link. - -- %c :: - - Current kill ring head. - -- %x :: - - Content of the X clipboard. - -- %k :: - - Title of the currently clocked task. - -- %K :: - - Link to the currently clocked task. - -- %n :: - - User name (taken from ~user-full-name~). - -- %f :: - - File visited by current buffer when org-capture was called. - -- %F :: - - Full path of the file or directory visited by current buffer. - -- %:keyword :: - - Specific information for certain link types, see below. - -- %^g :: - - Prompt for tags, with completion on tags in target file. - -- %^G :: - - Prompt for tags, with completion all tags in all agenda files. - -- %^t :: - - Like ~%t~, but prompt for date. Similarly ~%^T~, ~%^u~, ~%^U~. You may - define a prompt like ~%^{Birthday}t~. - -- %^C :: - - Interactive selection of which kill or clip to use. - -- %^L :: - - Like ~%^C~, but insert as link. - -- %^{PROP}p :: - - Prompt the user for a value for property {{{var(prop)}}}. - -- %^{PROMPT} :: - - Prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it. You - may specify a default value and a completion table with - ~%^{prompt|default|completion2|completion3...}~. The arrow keys access - a prompt-specific history. - -- %\n :: - - Insert the text entered at the nth %^{PROMPT}, where ~n~ is - a number, starting from 1. - -- %? :: - - After completing the template, position cursor here. - - -{{{noindent}}} For specific link types, the following keywords will be -defined:[fn:83] - -#+vindex: org-from-is-user-regexp - - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- bbdb :: ~%:name %:company~ -- irc :: ~%:server %:port %:nick~ -- vm vm-imap wl mh mew rmail :: - ~%:type %:subject %:message-id~ - ~%:from %:fromname %:fromaddress~ - ~%:to %:toname %:toaddress~ - ~%:date~ (message date header field) - ~%:date-timestamp~ (date as active timestamp) - ~%:date-timestamp-inactive~ (date as inactive timestamp) - ~%:fromto~ (either "to NAME" or "from NAME")[fn:84] -- gnus :: ~%:group~, for messages also all email fields -- w3 w3m :: ~%:url~ -- info :: ~%:file %:node~ -- calendar :: ~%:date~ - -{{{noindent}}} To place the cursor after template expansion use: - -#+begin_example - %? After completing the template, position cursor here. -#+end_example - -**** Templates in contexts - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Only show a template in a specific context - :END: - -#+vindex: org-capture-templates-contexts - -To control whether a capture template should be accessible from a -specific context, you can customize ~org-capture-templates-contexts~. -Let's say, for example, that you have a capture template "p" for -storing Gnus emails containing patches. Then you would configure this -option like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-capture-templates-contexts - '(("p" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) -#+end_src - -You can also tell that the command key "p" should refer to another -template. In that case, add this command key like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-capture-templates-contexts - '(("p" "q" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) -#+end_src - -See the docstring of the variable ~org-capture-templates-contexts~ for -more information. - -** Attachments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Add files to tasks - :END: -#+cindex: attachments -#+vindex: org-attach-directory - -It is often useful to associate reference material with an outline -node/task. Small chunks of plain text can simply be stored in the -subtree of a project. Hyperlinks (see [[Hyperlinks]]) can establish -associations with files that live elsewhere on your computer or in the -cloud, like emails or source code files belonging to a project. -Another method is /attachments/, which are files located in a -directory belonging to an outline node. Org uses directories named by -the unique ID of each entry. These directories are located in the -{{{file(data)}}} directory which lives in the same directory where -your Org file lives.[fn:85] If you initialize this directory with -~git init~, Org will automatically commit changes when it sees them. -The attachment system has been contributed to Org by John Wiegley. - -In cases where it seems better to do so, you can also attach a -directory of your choice to an entry. You can also make children -inherit the attachment directory from a parent, so that an entire -subtree uses the same attached directory. - -{{{noindent}}} The following commands deal with attachments: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-a)}}}, ~org-attach~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a - - The dispatcher for commands related to the attachment system. After - these keys, a list of commands is displayed and you must press an - additional key to select a command: - - - {{{kbd(a)}}}, ~org-attach-attach~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a a - #+vindex: org-attach-method - - Select a file and move it into the task's attachment directory. The - file will be copied, moved, or linked, depending on - ~org-attach-method~. Note that hard links are not supported on all - systems. - - - {{{kbd(c)}}}/{{{kbd(m)}}}/{{{kbd(l)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a c - #+kindex: C-c C-a m - #+kindex: C-c C-a l - - Attach a file using the copy/move/link method. Note that hard links - are not supported on all systems. - - - {{{kbd(n)}}}, ~org-attach-new~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a n - - Create a new attachment as an Emacs buffer. - - - {{{kbd(z)}}}, ~org-attach-sync~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a z - - Synchronize the current task with its attachment directory, in case - you added attachments yourself. - - - {{{kbd(o)}}}, ~org-attach-open~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a o - #+vindex: org-file-apps - - Open current task's attachment. If there is more than one, prompt for - a file name first. Opening will follow the rules set by - ~org-file-apps~. For more details, see the information on following - hyperlinks (see [[Handling links]]). - - - {{{kbd(O)}}}, ~org-attach-open-in-emacs~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a O - - Also open the attachment, but force opening the file in Emacs. - - - {{{kbd(f)}}}, ~org-attach-reveal~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a f - - Open the current task's attachment directory. - - - {{{kbd(F)}}}, ~org-attach-reveal-in-emacs~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a F - - Also open the directory, but force using @command{dired} in Emacs. - - - {{{kbd(d)}}}, ~org-attach-delete-one~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a d - - Select and delete a single attachment. - - - {{{kbd(D)}}}, ~org-attach-delete-all~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a D - - Delete all of a task's attachments. A safer way is to open the - directory in {{{command(dired)}}} and delete from there. - - - {{{kbd(s)}}}, ~org-attach-set-directory~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a s - #+cindex: property, ATTACH_DIR - - Set a specific directory as the entry's attachment directory. This - works by putting the directory path into the ~ATTACH_DIR~ property. - - - {{{kbd(i)}}}, ~org-attach-set-inherit~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a i - #+cindex: property, ATTACH_DIR_INHERIT - - Set the ~ATTACH_DIR_INHERIT~ property, so that children will use the - same directory for attachments as the parent does. - -** RSS feeds - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Getting input from RSS feeds - :END: -#+cindex: RSS feeds -#+cindex: Atom feeds - -Org can add and change entries based on information found in RSS feeds and -Atom feeds. You could use this to make a task out of each new podcast in a -podcast feed. Or you could use a phone-based note-creating service on the -web to import tasks into Org. To access feeds, configure the variable -~org-feed-alist~. The docstring of this variable has detailed -information. Here is an example: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-feed-alist - '(("Slashdot" - "http://rss.slashdot.org/Slashdot/slashdot" - "~/txt/org/feeds.org" "Slashdot Entries"))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} will configure that new items from the feed provided by -~rss.slashdot.org~ will result in new entries in the file -{{{file(~/org/feeds.org)}}} under the heading ~Slashdot Entries~, -whenever the following command is used: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x g)}}}, ~org-feed-update-all~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x g - - Collect items from the feeds configured in ~org-feed-alist~ and act - upon them. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x G)}}}, ~org-feed-goto-inbox~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x G - - Prompt for a feed name and go to the inbox configured for this feed. - - -Under the same headline, Org will create a drawer -{{{samp(FEEDSTATUS)}}} in which it will store information about the -status of items in the feed, to avoid adding the same item several -times. You should add {{{samp(FEEDSTATUS)}}} to the list of drawers in -that file: - -#+begin_example - ,#+DRAWERS: LOGBOOK PROPERTIES FEEDSTATUS -#+end_example - -For more information, including how to read atom feeds, see -{{{file(org-feed.el)}}} and the docstring of ~org-feed-alist~. - -** Protocols - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: External (e.g., browser) access to Emacs and Org - :TITLE: Protocols for external access - :END: - -#+cindex: protocols, for external access -#+cindex: emacsserver - -You can set up Org for handling protocol calls from outside -applications that are passed to Emacs through the -{{{file(emacsserver)}}}. For example, you can configure bookmarks in -your web browser to send a link to the current page to Org and create -a note from it using capture (see [[Capture]]). Or you could create a -bookmark that will tell Emacs to open the local source file of a -remote website you are looking at with the browser. See -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/org-protocol.php]] for detailed -documentation and setup instructions. - -** Refile and copy - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Moving/copying a tree from one place to another - :END: -#+cindex: refiling notes -#+cindex: copying notes - -When reviewing the captured data, you may want to refile or to copy some of -the entries into a different list, for example into a project. Cutting, -finding the right location, and then pasting the note is cumbersome. To -simplify this process, you can use the following special command: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c M-w)}}}, ~org-copy~ :: - #+kindex: C-c M-w - #+findex: org-copy - - Copying works like refiling, except that the original note is not deleted. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}}, ~org-refile~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-w - #+findex: org-refile - #+vindex: org-reverse-note-order - #+vindex: org-refile-targets - #+vindex: org-refile-use-outline-path - #+vindex: org-outline-path-complete-in-steps - #+vindex: org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes - #+vindex: org-log-refile - #+vindex: org-refile-use-cache - - Refile the entry or region at point. This command offers possible - locations for refiling the entry and lets you select one with - completion. The item (or all items in the region) is filed below the - target heading as a subitem. Depending on ~org-reverse-note-order~, it - will be either the first or last subitem. - - By default, all level 1 headlines in the current buffer are considered - to be targets, but you can have more complex definitions across a - number of files. See the variable ~org-refile-targets~ for details. If - you would like to select a location via a file-path-like completion - along the outline path, see the variables - ~org-refile-use-outline-path~ and - ~org-outline-path-complete-in-steps~. If you would like to be able to - create new nodes as new parents for refiling on the fly, check the - variable ~org-refile-allow-creating-parent-nodes~. When the variable - ~org-log-refile~ is set, a timestamp or a note will be recorded when - an entry has been refiled.[fn:86] - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-w)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-w - - Use the refile interface to jump to a heading. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-w)}}}, ~org-refile-goto-last-stored~ :: - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-w - - Jump to the location where ~org-refile~ last moved a tree to. - -- {{{kbd(C-2 C-c C-w)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-2 C-c C-w - - Refile as the child of the item currently being clocked. - -- {{{kbd(C-0 C-c C-w)}}} or {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w)}}}, ~org-refile-cache-clear~ :: - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-u C-c C-w - #+kindex: C-0 C-c C-w - - Clear the target cache. Caching of refile targets can be turned on by - setting ~org-refile-use-cache~. To make the command see new possible - targets, you have to clear the cache with this command. - -** Archiving - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What to do with finished products - :END: -#+cindex: archiving - -When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want to -move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the -agenda. Archiving is important to keep your working files compact and -global searches like the construction of agenda views fast. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-a)}}}, ~org-archive-subtree-default~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-a - #+vindex: org-archive-default-command - - Archive the current entry using the command specified in the variable - ~org-archive-default-command~. - -*** Moving subtrees - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Moving a tree to an archive file - :TITLE: Moving a tree to an archive file - :END: -#+cindex: external archiving - -The most common archiving action is to move a project tree to another file, -the archive file. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd(C-c $)}}}, ~org-archive-subtree~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-s - #+kindex: C-c $ - #+vindex: org-archive-location - - Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location - given by ~org-archive-location~. - -- {{{Kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-s)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-s - - Check if any direct children of the current headline could be moved to - the archive. To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO - entries. If none are found, the command offers to move it to the - archive location. If the cursor is /not/ on a headline when this - command is invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked. - - -#+cindex: archive locations - -The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the -current file, with the name derived by appending {{{file(_archive)}}} -to the current file name. You can also choose what heading to file -archived items under, with the possibility to add them to a datetree -in a file. For information and examples on how to specify the file and -the heading, see the documentation string of the variable -~org-archive-location~. - -There is also an in-buffer option for setting this variable, for -example:[fn:87] - -#+cindex: #+ARCHIVE -#+begin_example - ,#+ARCHIVE: %s_done:: -#+end_example - -#+cindex: property, ARCHIVE - -{{{noindent}}} If you would like to have a special ARCHIVE location -for a single entry or a (sub)tree, give the entry an ~:ARCHIVE:~ -property with the location as the value (see [[Properties and columns]]). - -#+vindex: org-archive-save-context-info - -When a subtree is moved, it receives a number of special properties -that record context information like the file from where the entry -came, its outline path the archiving time etc. Configure the variable -~org-archive-save-context-info~ to adjust the amount of information -added. - -*** Internal archiving - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Switch off a tree but keep it in the file - :END: - -If you want to just switch off (for agenda views) certain subtrees -without moving them to a different file, you can use the ~ARCHIVE -tag~. - -A headline that is marked with the ARCHIVE tag (see [[Tags]]) stays at -its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way: - -- It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility cycling - command (see [[Visibility cycling]]). You can force cycling archived - subtrees with {{{kbdkey(C-,TAB)}}}, or by setting the option - ~org-cycle-open-archived-trees~. Also normal outline commands like - ~show-all~ will open archived subtrees. - - #+vindex: org-cycle-open-archived-trees - -- During sparse tree construction (see [[Sparse trees]]), matches in - archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option - ~org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees~. - - #+vindex: org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees - -- During agenda view construction (see [[Agenda views]]), the content of - archived trees is ignored unless you configure the option - ~org-agenda-skip-archived-trees~, in which case these trees will - always be included. In the agenda you can press {{{kbd(v a)}}} to - get archives temporarily included. - - #+vindex: org-agenda-skip-archived-trees - -- Archived trees are not exported (see [[Exporting]]), only the headline - is. Configure the details using the variable - ~org-export-with-archived-trees~. - - #+vindex: org-export-with-archived-trees - -- Archived trees are excluded from column view unless the variable - ~org-columns-skip-archived-trees~ is configured to ~nil~. - - #+vindex: org-columns-skip-archived-trees - - -The following commands help manage the ARCHIVE tag: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x a)}}}, ~org-toggle-archive-tag~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x a - - Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline. When the tag is set, - the headline changes to a shadowed face, and the subtree below it is - hidden. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x a)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x a - - Check if any direct children of the current headline should be - archived. To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries. - If none are found, the command offers to set the ARCHIVE tag for the - child. If the cursor is /not/ on a headline when this command is - invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked. - -- {{{kbdkey(C-,TAB)}}}, ~org-force-cycle-archived~ :: - - Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with ARCHIVE. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x A)}}}, ~org-archive-to-archive-sibling~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x A - - Move the current entry to the /Archive Sibling/. This is a sibling of - the entry with the heading {{{samp(Archive)}}} and the tag - {{{samp(ARCHIVE)}}}. The entry becomes a child of that sibling and in - this way retains a lot of its original context, including inherited - tags and approximate position in the outline. - -* FIXME Agenda views - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Collecting information into views - :ALT_TITLE: Agenda Views - :END: - -Due to the way Org works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and tagged -headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of -files. To get an overview of open action items, or of events that are -important for a particular date, this information must be collected, -sorted and displayed in an organized way. - -Org can select items based on various criteria and display them -in a separate buffer. Seven different view types are provided: - -- an /agenda/ that is like a calendar and shows information for - specific dates, - -- a /TODO list/ that covers all unfinished action items, - -- a /match view/, showings headlines based on the tags, properties, - and TODO state associated with them, - -- a /timeline view/ that shows all events in a single Org file, in - time-sorted view, - -- a /text search view/ that shows all entries from multiple files that - contain specified keywords, - -- a /stuck projects view/ showing projects that currently don't move - along, and - -- /custom views/ that are special searches and combinations of - different views. - - -{{{noindent}}} The extracted information is displayed in a special -/agenda buffer/. This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to -visit the corresponding locations in the original Org files, and even -to edit these files remotely. - -#+vindex: org-agenda-window-setup -#+vindex: org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit - -Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether -the window configuration is restored when the agenda exits: -~org-agenda-window-setup~ and ~org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit~. - -** Agenda files - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Files being searched for agenda information - :END: -#+cindex: agenda files -#+cindex: files for agenda -#+vindex: org-agenda-files - -The information to be shown is normally collected from all /agenda -files/, the files listed in the variable ~org-agenda-files~.[fn:180] If -a directory is part of this list, all files with the extension -{{{file(.org)}}} in this directory will be part of the list. - -Thus, even if you only work with a single Org file, that file should -be put into the list.[fn:88] You can customize ~org-agenda-files~, but -the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands - -#+cindex: files, adding to agenda list -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c [)}}}, ~org-agenda-file-to-front~ :: - #+kindex: C-c [ - - Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to the - front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved to the - front. With a prefix argument, file is added/moved to the end. - -- {{{kbd(C-c ])}}}, ~org-remove-file~ :: - #+kindex: C-c ] - - Remove current file from the list of agenda files. - -- {{{kbd(C-')}}} {{{kbd(C-)}}}, ~org-cycle-agenda-files~ :: - #+kindex: C-' - #+kindex: C-, - #+cindex: cycling, of agenda files - - Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other. - -- {{{kbd(M-x org-iswitchb)}}} :: - #+findex: org-iswitchb - - Command to use an ~iswitchb~-like interface to switch to and between - Org buffers. - - -{{{noindent}}} The Org menu contains the current list of files and can -be used to visit any of them. - -If you would like to focus the agenda temporarily on a file not in -this list, or on just one file in the list, or even on only a subtree -in a file, then this can be done in different ways. For a single -agenda command, you may press {{{kbd(<)}}} once or several times in -the dispatcher (see [[Agenda dispatcher]]). To restrict the agenda scope -for an extended period, use the following commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x <)}}}, ~org-agenda-set-restriction-lock~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x < - - Permanently restrict the agenda to the current subtree. When with a - prefix argument, or with the cursor before the first headline in a - file, the agenda scope is set to the entire file. This restriction - remains in effect until removed with {{{kbd(C-c C-x >)}}}, or by - typing either {{{kbd(<)}}} or {{{kbd(>)}}} in the agenda dispatcher. - If there is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction - takes effect immediately. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x >)}}}, ~org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x > - - Remove the permanent restriction created by {{{kbd(C-c C-x <)}}}. - - -{{{noindent}}} When working with {{{file(speedbar.el)}}}, you can use -the following commands in the Speedbar frame: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(<)}}} in the speedbar frame ~org-speedbar-set-agenda-restriction~ :: - #+kindex: < - - Permanently restrict the agenda to the item---either an Org file or a - subtree in such a file---at the cursor in the Speedbar frame. If there - is a window displaying an agenda view, the new restriction takes - effect immediately. - -- {{{kbd(>)}}} in the speedbar frame ~org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock~ :: - #+kindex: > - - Lift the restriction. - -** Agenda dispatcher - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Keyboard access to agenda views - :TITLE: The agenda dispatcher - :END: -#+cindex: agenda dispatcher -#+cindex: dispatching agenda commands - -The views are created through a dispatcher, which should be bound to a -global key---for example {{{kbd(C-c a)}}} (see [[Activation]]). In the -following we will assume that {{{kbd(C-c a)}}} is indeed how the -dispatcher is accessed and list keyboard access to commands -accordingly. After pressing {{{kbd(C-c a)}}}, an additional letter is -required to execute a command. The dispatcher offers the following -default commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(a)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a a - - Create the calendar-like agenda (see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]). - -- {{{kbd(t)}}} or {{{kbd(T)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a t - #+kindex: C-c a T - - Create a list of all TODO items (see [[Global TODO list]]). - -- {{{kbd(m)}}} or {{{kbd(M)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a m - #+kindex: C-c a M - - Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (see [[Matching tags and properties]]). - -- {{{kbd(L)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a L - - Create the timeline view for the current buffer - (see [[Timeline for a single file]]). - -- {{{kbd(s)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a s - - Create a list of entries selected by a boolean expression of keywords - and/or regular expressions that must or must not occur in the entry. - -- {{{kbd(/)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a / - #+vindex: org-agenda-text-search-extra-files - - Search for a regular expression in all agenda files and additionally - in the files listed in ~org-agenda-text-search-extra-files~. This uses - the Emacs command ~multi-occur~. A prefix argument can be used to - specify the number of context lines for each match, default is - 1. - -- {{{kbd(#)}}} or {{{kbd(!)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a # - #+kindex: C-c a ! - Create a list of stuck projects (see [[Stuck projects]]). - -- {{{kbd(<)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a < - - Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer.[fn:89] After - pressing {{{kbd(<)}}}, you still need to press the character selecting - the command. - -- {{{kbd(< <)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a < < - - If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command to - the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current subtree.[fn:90] - After pressing {{{kbd(< <)}}}, you still need to press the character - selecting the command. - -- {{{kbd(*)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c a * - #+vindex: org-agenda-sticky - - Toggle sticky agenda views. By default, Org maintains only a single - agenda buffer and rebuilds it each time you change the view, to make - sure everything is always up to date. If you switch between views - often and the build time bothers you, you can turn on sticky agenda - buffers (make this the default by customizing the variable - ~org-agenda-sticky~). With sticky agendas, the dispatcher only - switches to the selected view, you need to update it by hand with - {{{kbd(r)}}} or {{{kbd(g)}}}. You can toggle sticky agenda view any - time with ~org-toggle-sticky-agenda~. - - -You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through -the dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the -possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several -blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list -and a number of special tags matches. See [[Custom agenda views]]. - -** Built-in agenda views - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What is available out of the box? - :TITLE: The built-in agenda views - :END: -In this section we describe the built-in views. - -*** FIXED Weekly/daily agenda - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The calendar page with current tasks - :END: -#+cindex: agenda -#+cindex: weekly agenda -#+cindex: daily agenda - -The purpose of the weekly/daily /agenda/ is to act like a page of a -paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a a)}}}, ~org-agenda-list~ :: - #+cindex: org-agenda, command - - Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of Org files. The - agenda shows the entries for each day. With a numeric prefix (like - {{{kbd(C-u 2 1 C-c a a)}}}) you may set the number of days to be - displayed.[fn:91] - - -#+vindex: org-agenda-span -#+vindex: org-agenda-ndays -The default number of days displayed in the agenda is set by the variable -~org-agenda-span~ (or the obsolete ~org-agenda-ndays~). This -variable can be set to any number of days you want to see by default in the -agenda, or to a span name, such a ~day~, ~week~, ~month~ or -~year~. - -Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can -change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer. -The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in [[Agenda -commands]]. - -**** FIXED Calendar/Diary integration - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Integrate the Emacs diary with Org - :END: -#+cindex: calendar integration -#+cindex: diary integration -#+cindex: Reingold, Edward M. - -Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The -calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different -countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of -anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments -(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to -Org. It can be very useful to combine output from Org with -the diary. - -In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org mode's -agenda, you only need to customize the variable - -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-agenda-include-diary t) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary -entries including holidays, anniversaries, etc., will be included in the -agenda buffer created by Org mode. {{{key(SPC)}}}, {{{key(TAB)}}}, and -{{{key(RET)}}} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary -file in order to edit existing diary entries. The {{{kbd(i)}}} command to -insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda buffer, as -well as the commands {{{kbd(S)}}}, {{{kbd(M)}}}, and {{{kbd(C)}}} to display -Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert to other -calendars, respectively. {{{kbd(c)}}} can be used to switch back and forth -between calendar and agenda. - -If you are using the diary only for sexp entries and holidays, it is -faster to not use the above setting, but instead to copy or even move -the entries into an Org file. Org mode evaluates diary-style sexp -entries, and does it faster because there is no overhead for first -creating the diary display. Note that the sexp entries must start at -the left margin, no whitespace is allowed before them. For example, -the following segment of an Org file will be processed and entries -will be made in the agenda:[fn:181] - -#+begin_example - ,* Birthdays and similar stuff - ,#+CATEGORY: Holiday - %%(org-calendar-holiday) ; special function for holiday names - ,#+CATEGORY: Ann - %%(org-anniversary 1956 5 14) Arthur Dent is %d years old - %%(org-anniversary 1869 10 2) Mahatma Gandhi would be %d years old -#+end_example - -**** FIXED Anniversaries from BBDB - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Integrate Big Brother Database and Org - :END: - -#+cindex: BBDB, anniversaries -#+cindex: anniversaries, from BBDB - -If you are using the Big Brothers Database to store your contacts, you will -very likely prefer to store anniversaries in BBDB rather than in a -separate Org or diary file. Org supports this and will show BBDB -anniversaries as part of the agenda. All you need to do is to add the -following to one of your agenda files: - -#+begin_example - ,* Anniversaries - , :PROPERTIES: - , :CATEGORY: Anniv - , :END: - ,%%(org-bbdb-anniversaries) -#+end_example - -You can then go ahead and define anniversaries for a BBDB record. -Basically, you need to press {{{kbdspckey(C-o anniversary,RET)}}} with -the cursor in a BBDB record and then add the date in the format -~YYYY-MM-DD~ or ~MM-DD~, followed by a space and the class of the -anniversary ({{{samp(birthday)}}} or {{{samp(wedding)}}}, or a format -string). If you omit the class, it will default to -{{{samp(birthday)}}}. Here are a few examples, the header for the file -{{{file(org-bbdb.el)}}} contains more detailed information. - -#+begin_example - 1973-06-22 - 06-22 - 1955-08-02 wedding - 2008-04-14 %s released version 6.01 of org mode, %d years ago -#+end_example - -After a change to BBDB, or for the first agenda display during an -Emacs session, the agenda display will suffer a short delay as Org -updates its hash with anniversaries. However, from then on things will -be very fast---much faster in fact than a long list of -{{{samp(%%(diary-anniversary))}}} entries in an Org or Diary file. - -**** FIXED Appointment reminders - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Integrate the Emacs appointment facility and Org - :END: -#+cindex: @file{appt.el} -#+cindex: appointment reminders -#+cindex: appointment -#+cindex: reminders - -Org can interact with Emacs appointments notification facility. To add the -appointments of your agenda files, use the command ~org-agenda-to-appt~. -This command lets you filter through the list of your appointments and add -only those belonging to a specific category or matching a regular expression. -It also reads a ~APPT_WARNTIME~ property which will then override the -value of ~appt-message-warning-time~ for this appointment. See the -docstring for details. - -*** FIXED Global TODO list - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: All unfinished action items - :END: -#+cindex: global TODO list -#+cindex: TODO list, global - -The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items formatted and -collected into a single place. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a t)}}}, ~org-todo-list~ :: - - Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all - agenda files (see [[Agenda views]]) into a single buffer. By default, this - lists items with a state the is not a DONE state. The buffer is in - ~agenda-mode~, so there are commands to examine and manipulate the - TODO entries directly from that buffer (see [[Agenda commands]]). - -- {{{kbd(C-c a T)}}}, ~org-todo-list~ :: - - #+cindex: TODO keyword matching - #+vindex: org-todo-keywords - - Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. You - can also do this by specifying a prefix argument to {{{kbd(C-c a - t)}}}. You are prompted for a keyword, and you may also specify - several keywords by separating them with {{{samp(|)}}} as the boolean - OR operator. With a numeric prefix, the Nth keyword in - ~org-todo-keywords~ is selected. - - #+kindex: r - - The {{{kbd(r)}}} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give - a prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO keyword, - for example {{{kbd(3 r)}}}. If you often need a search for a specific - keyword, define a custom command for it (see [[Agenda dispatcher]]). - - Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags - search (see [[Tag searches]]). - - -Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a -TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the -TODO list are described in [[Agenda commands]]. - -#+cindex: sublevels, inclusion into TODO list - -Normally the global TODO list simply shows all headlines with TODO -keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep -it more compact: - - -- Some people view a TODO item that has been /scheduled/ for execution - or have a /deadline/ (see [[Timestamps]]) as no longer /open/. Configure - the variables ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled~, - ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines~, - ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp~ and/or - ~org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date~ to exclude such items from the - global TODO list. - - #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled - #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines - #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp - #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-ignore-with-date - -- TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks. In - such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO - headline and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure the - variable ~org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels~ to get this behavior. - - #+vindex: org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels - -*** Matching tags and properties - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Structured information with fine-tuned search - :END: -#+cindex: matching, of tags -#+cindex: matching, of properties -#+cindex: tags view -#+cindex: match view - -If headlines in the agenda files are marked with /tags/ (see [[Tags]]), or -have properties (see [[Properties and columns]]), you can select headlines -based on this metadata and collect them into an agenda buffer. The -match syntax described here also applies when creating sparse trees -with {{{kbd(C-c / m)}}}. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a m)}}}, ~org-tags-view~ :: - - Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The - command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic - expression with tags, like {{{samp(+work+urgent-withboss)}}} or - {{{samp(work|home)}}} (see [[Tags]]). If you often need a specific search, - define a custom command for it (see [[Agenda dispatcher]]). - -- {{{kbd(C-c a M)}}}, ~org-tags-view~ :: - - #+vindex: org-tags-match-list-sublevels - #+vindex: org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options - - Like {{{kbd(C-c a m)}}}, but only select headlines that are also TODO - items in a not-DONE state and force checking subitems (see the variable - ~org-tags-match-list-sublevels~). To exclude scheduled/deadline items, - see the variable ~org-agenda-tags-todo-honor-ignore-options~. Matching - specific TODO keywords together with a tags match is also possible, - see [[Tag searches]]. - - -The commands available in the tags list are described in [[Agenda -commands]]. - - -#+cindex: Boolean logic, for tag or property searches - -A search string can use Boolean operators {{{samp(&)}}} for AND and -{{{samp(|)}}} for OR. {{{samp(&)}}} binds more strongly than -{{{samp(|)}}}. Parentheses are currently not implemented. Each element -in the search is either a tag, a regular expression matching tags, or -an expression like ~PROPERTY OPERATOR VALUE~ with a comparison -operator, accessing a property value. Each element may be preceded by -{{{samp(-)}}}, to select against it, and {{{samp(+)}}} is syntactic -sugar for positive selection. The AND operator {{{samp(&)}}} is -optional when {{{samp(+)}}} or {{{samp(-)}}} is present. Here are some -examples, using only tags. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @samp -- +work-boss :: - - Select headlines tagged {{{samp(:work:)}}}, but discard those also - tagged {{{samp(:boss:)}}}. - -- work|laptop :: - - Selects lines tagged {{{samp(:work:)}}} or {{{samp(:laptop:)}}}. - -- work|laptop+night :: - - Like before, but require the {{{samp(:laptop:)}}} lines to be tagged - also {{{samp(:night:)}}}. - - -#+cindex: regular expressions, with tags search - -Instead of a tag, you may also specify a regular expression enclosed -in curly braces. For example, {{{samp(work+{^boss.*})}}} matches -headlines that contain the tag {{{samp(:work:)}}} and any tag -/starting/ with {{{samp(boss)}}}. - -#+cindex: TODO keyword matching, with tags search -#+cindex: level, require for tags/property match -#+cindex: category, require for tags/property match -#+vindex: org-odd-levels-only - -You may also test for properties (see [[Properties and columns]]) at the -same time as matching tags. The properties may be real properties, or -special properties that represent other metadata (see [[Special -properties]]). For example, the "property" ~TODO~ represents the TODO -keyword of the entry. Or, the "property" ~LEVEL~ represents the -level of an entry. So a search {{{samp(+LEVEL=3+boss-TODO="DONE")}}} -lists all level three headlines that have the tag {{{samp(boss)}}} and -are /not/ marked with the TODO keyword DONE. In buffers with -~org-odd-levels-only~ set, {{{samp(LEVEL)}}} does not count the number -of stars, but {{{samp(LEVEL=2)}}} will correspond to 3 stars etc. The -ITEM special property cannot currently be used in tags/property -searches.[fn:92] - -Here are more examples: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @samp -- work+TODO="WAITING" :: - - Select {{{samp(:work:)}}}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO - keyword {{{samp(WAITING)}}}. - -- work+TODO="WAITING"|home+TODO="WAITING" :: - - Waiting tasks both at work and at home. - - -When matching properties, a number of different operators can be used to test -the value of a property. Here is a complex example: - -#+begin_example - +work-boss+PRIORITY="A"+Coffee="unlimited"+Effort<2 - +With={Sarah|Denny}+SCHEDULED>="<2008-10-11>" -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} The type of comparison will depend on how the -comparison value is written: - -- If the comparison value is a plain number, a numerical comparison is - done, and the allowed operators are ~<~, ~=~, ~>~, ~<=~, ~>=~, and - ~<>~. - -- If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes, a string - comparison is done, and the same operators are allowed. - -- If the comparison value is enclosed in double-quotes /and/ angular - brackets (like {{{samp(DEADLINE<="<2008-12-24 18:30>")}}}), both - values are assumed to be date/time specifications in the standard - Org way, and the comparison will be done accordingly. Special values - that will be recognized are ~"<now>"~ for now (including time), and - ~"<today>"~, and ~"<tomorrow>"~ for these days at 0:00 hours, i.e.@: - without a time specification. Also strings like ~"<+5d>"~ or - ~"<-2m>"~ with units ~d~, ~w~, ~m~, and ~y~ for day, week, month, - and year, respectively, can be used. - -- If the comparison value is enclosed in curly braces, a regexp match - is performed, with {{{samp(=)}}} meaning that the regexp matches the - property value, and ~<>~ meaning that it does not match. - - -So the search string in the example finds entries tagged -{{{samp(:work:)}}} but not {{{samp(:boss:)}}}, which also have a -priority value {{{samp(A)}}}, a {{{samp(:Coffee:)}}} property with the -value {{{samp(unlimited)}}}, an {{{samp(Effort)}}} property that is -numerically smaller than 2, a {{{samp(:With:)}}} property that is -matched by the regular expression {{{samp(Sarah|Denny)}}}, and that -are scheduled on or after October 11, 2008. - -Accessing TODO, LEVEL, and CATEGORY during a search is fast. Accessing -any other properties will slow down the search. However, once you have -paid the price by accessing one property, testing additional -properties is cheap again. - -You can configure Org mode to use property inheritance during a -search, but beware that this can slow down searches considerably. See -[[Property inheritance]], for details. - -For backward compatibility, and also for typing speed, there is also a -different way to test TODO states in a search. For this, terminate the -tags/property part of the search string (which may include several -terms connected with {{{samp(|)}}}) with a {{{samp(/)}}} and then -specify a Boolean expression just for TODO keywords. The syntax is -then similar to that for tags, but should be applied with care: for -example, a positive selection on several TODO keywords cannot -meaningfully be combined with boolean AND. However, /negative -selection/ combined with AND can be meaningful. To make sure that only -lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword (resulting in a -speed-up), use {{{kbd(C-c a M)}}}, or equivalently start the TODO part -after the slash with {{{samp(!)}}}. Using {{{kbd(C-c a M)}}} or -{{{samp(/!)}}} will not match TODO keywords in a DONE state. Examples: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @samp -- work/WAITING :: - - Same as {{{samp(work+TODO="WAITING")}}} - -- work/!-WAITING-NEXT :: - - Select {{{samp(:work:)}}}-tagged TODO lines that are neither {{{samp(WAITING)}}} - nor {{{samp(NEXT)}}} - -- work/!+WAITING|+NEXT :: - - Select {{{samp(:work:)}}}-tagged TODO lines that are either - {{{samp(WAITING)}}} or {{{samp(NEXT)}}}. - -*** FIXED Timeline for a single file - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Time-sorted view for a single file - :ALT_TITLE: Timeline - :END: - -#+cindex: timeline, single file -#+cindex: time-sorted view - -The timeline summarizes all time-stamped items from a single Org mode -file in a /time-sorted view/. The main purpose of this command is -to give an overview over events in a project. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a L)}}}, ~org-timeline~ :: - - Show a time-sorted view of the Org file, with all time-stamped items. - When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, all unfinished TODO entries - (scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date. - - -{{{noindent}}} The commands available in the timeline buffer are -listed in [[Agenda commands]]. - -*** FIXED Search view - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Find entries by searching for text - :END: -#+cindex: search view -#+cindex: text search -#+cindex: searching, for text - -This agenda view is a general text search facility for Org mode entries. -It is particularly useful to find notes. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a s)}}}, ~org-search-view~ :: - - This is a special search that lets you select entries by matching a - substring or specific words using a boolean logic. - - -For example, the search string {{{samp(computer equipment)}}} will -find entries that contain {{{samp(computer equipment)}}} as a -substring. If the two words are separated by more space or a line -break, the search will still match. Search view can also search for -specific keywords in the entry, using Boolean logic. The search string -{{{samp(+computer +wifi -ethernet -{8.11[bg]})}}} will search for -note entries that contain the keywords ~computer~ and ~wifi~, but not -the keyword ~ethernet~, and which are also not matched by the regular -expression ~8.11[bg]~, meaning to exclude both 8.11b and 8.11g. The -first {{{samp(+)}}} is necessary to turn on word search, other -{{{samp(+)}}} characters are optional. For more details, see the -docstring of the command ~org-search-view~. - -#+vindex: org-agenda-text-search-extra-files - -Note that in addition to the agenda files, this command will also -search the files listed in ~org-agenda-text-search-extra-files~. - -*** FIXED Stuck projects - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Find projects you need to review - :END: -#+pindex: GTD, Getting Things Done - -If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your -work, one of the "duties" you have is a regular review to make sure -that all projects move along. A /stuck/ project is a project that has -no defined next actions, so it will never show up in the TODO lists -Org mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such -projects and define next actions for them. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a #)}}}, ~org-agenda-list-stuck-projects~ :: - - List projects that are stuck. - -- {{{kbd(C-c a !)}}} :: - - #+vindex: org-stuck-projects - #+kindex: C-c a ! - - Customize the variable ~org-stuck-projects~ to define what a stuck - project is and how to find it. - - -You almost certainly will have to configure this view before it will -work for you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are -level-2 headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least -one entry marked with a TODO keyword TODO or NEXT or NEXTACTION. - -Let's assume that you, in your own way of using Org mode, identify -projects with a tag PROJECT, and that you use a TODO keyword MAYBE to -indicate a project that should not be considered yet. Let's further -assume that the TODO keyword DONE marks finished projects, and that -NEXT and TODO indicate next actions. The tag @SHOP indicates shopping -and is a next action even without the NEXT tag. Finally, if the -project contains the special word IGNORE anywhere, it should not be -listed either. In this case you would start by identifying eligible -projects with a tags/todo match (see [[Tag searches]]). -{{{samp(+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE)}}}, and then check for TODO, NEXT, -@SHOP, and IGNORE in the subtree to identify projects that are not -stuck. The correct customization for this is: - -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-stuck-projects - '("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@@SHOP") - "\\<IGNORE\\>")) -#+end_src - -Note that if a project is identified as non-stuck, the subtree of this entry -will still be searched for stuck projects. - -** Presentation and sorting - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How agenda items are prepared for display - :END: -#+cindex: presentation, of agenda items -#+vindex: org-agenda-prefix-format -#+vindex: org-agenda-tags-column - -Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org mode visually prepares -the items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line -starts with a /prefix/ that contains the /category/ (see [[Categories]]) -of the item and other important information. You can customize in -which column tags will be displayed through ~org-agenda-tags-column~. -You can also customize the prefix using the option -~org-agenda-prefix-format~. This prefix is followed by a cleaned-up -version of the outline headline associated with the item. - -*** Categories - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Not all tasks are equal - :END: - -#+cindex: category -#+cindex: #+CATEGORY - -The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By -default, the category is simply derived from the file name, but you -can also specify it with a special line in the buffer, like -this:[fn:93] - -#+begin_example - ,#+CATEGORY: Thesis -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} -#+cindex: property, CATEGORY - -If you would like to have a special CATEGORY for a single entry or a -(sub)tree, give the entry a ~:CATEGORY:~ property with the special -category you want to apply as the value. - -{{{noindent}}} The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the -category is not longer than 10 characters. - -{{{noindent}}} You can set up icons for category by customizing the -~org-agenda-category-icon-alist~ variable. -#+vindex: org-agenda-category-icon-alist - -*** Time-of-day specifications - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How the agenda knows the time - :END: -#+cindex: time-of-day specification - -Org mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The -time can be part of the timestamp that triggered inclusion into the -agenda, for example as in ~<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>~. Time -ranges can be specified with two timestamps, like: - - ~<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>~. - -In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as -plain text (like {{{samp(12:45)}}} or a {{{samp(8:30-1pm)}}}). If the -agenda integrates the Emacs diary (see [[Weekly/daily agenda]]), time -specifications in diary entries are recognized as well. - -For agenda display, Org mode extracts the time and displays it in a -standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in -the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this: - -#+begin_example - 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer - 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub - 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem - 20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge -#+end_example - -#+cindex: time grid - -If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the -timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like - -#+begin_example - 8:00...... ------------------ - 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer - 10:00...... ------------------ - 12:00...... ------------------ - 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub - 14:00...... ------------------ - 16:00...... ------------------ - 18:00...... ------------------ - 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem - 20:00...... ------------------ - 20:30-22:15 Marvin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-agenda-use-time-grid -#+vindex: org-agenda-time-grid - -The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable -~org-agenda-use-time-grid~, and can be configured with -~org-agenda-time-grid~. - -*** Sorting of agenda items - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The order of things - :END: -#+cindex: sorting, of agenda items -#+cindex: priorities, of agenda items - -Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is -done depends on the type of view. - -- For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted. The - default order is to first collect all items containing an explicit - time-of-day specification. These entries will be shown at the - beginning of the list, as a /schedule/ for the day. After that, - items remain grouped in categories, in the sequence given by - ~org-agenda-files~. Within each category, items are sorted by - priority (see [[Priorities]]), which is composed of the base priority - (2000 for priority {{{samp(A)}}}, 1000 for {{{samp(B)}}}, and 0 for - {{{samp(C)}}}), plus additional increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items. - - #+vindex: org-agenda-files - -- For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but - within each category, sorting takes place according to priority (see - [[Priorities]]). The priority used for sorting derives from the - priority cookie, with additions depending on how close an item is to - its due or scheduled date. - -- For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in - the sequence in which they are found in the agenda files. - - -#+vindex: org-agenda-sorting-strategy - -Sorting can be customized using the variable -~org-agenda-sorting-strategy~, and may also include criteria based on -the estimated effort of an entry (see [[Effort estimates]]). - -** FIXME Agenda commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Remote editing of Org trees - :TITLE: Commands in the agenda buffer - :END: -#+cindex: commands, in agenda buffer - -Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the Org file or diary -file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda -buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the -original entry location, and to edit the Org files ``remotely'' from -the agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once, -removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge. - -Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For -the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line. - -*** FIXME Motion2 -#+cindex: motion commands in agenda - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(n)}}}, ~org-agenda-next-line~ :: - #+kindex: n - - Next line (same as {{{key(down)}}} and {{{kbd(C-n)}}}). - -- {{{kbd(p)}}}, ~org-agenda-previous-line~ :: - #+kindex: p - - Previous line (same as {{{key(up)}}} and {{{kbd(C-p)}}}). - -*** View/Go to Org file -#+cindex: view file commands in agenda - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{key(SPC)}}} or {{{key(mouse-3)}}}, ~org-agenda-show-and-scroll-up~ :: - #+kindex: @key{SPC} - #+kindex: mouse-3 - - Display the original location of the item in another window. With - prefix arg, make sure that the entire entry is made visible in the - outline, not only the heading. - -- {{{kbd(L)}}}, ~org-agenda-recenter~ :: - #+kindex: L - - Display original location and recenter that window. - -- {{{key(TAB)}}} or {{{key(mouse-2)}}}, ~org-agenda-goto~ :: - #+kindex: @key{TAB} - #+kindex: mouse-2 - - Go to the original location of the item in another window. - -- {{{key(RET)}}}, ~org-agenda-switch-to~ :: - #+kindex: @key{RET} - - Go to the original location of the item and delete other windows. - -- {{{kbd(F)}}}, ~org-agenda-follow-mode~ :: - #+kindex: F - #+vindex: org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode - - Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through the - agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding - location in the Org file. The initial setting for this mode in new - agenda buffers can be set with the variable - ~org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode~. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x b)}}}, ~org-agenda-tree-to-indirect-buffer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x b - - Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect buffer. - With a numeric prefix argument N, go up to level N and then take that - tree. If N is negative, go up that many levels. With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} - prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect buffer. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}}, ~org-agenda-open-link~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-o - - Follow a link in the entry. This will offer a selection of any links - in the text belonging to the referenced Org node. If there is only one - link, it will be followed without a selection prompt. - -*** Change display -#+cindex: change agenda display - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(A)}}} :: - #+kindex: A - #+cindex: display changing, in agenda - - Interactively select another agenda view and append it to the current - view. - -- {{{kbd(o)}}} :: - #+kindex: o - - Delete other windows. - -- {{{kbd(v d)}}} or short {{{kbd(d)}}}, ~org-agenda-day-view~ :: - #+kindex: v d - #+kindex: d - #+vindex: org-agenda-span - - Switch to day view. When switching to day view, this setting becomes - the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric prefix argument - may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the year. For - example, {{{kbd(32 d)}}} jumps to February 1st. When setting day view, - a year may be encoded in the prefix argument as well. For example, - {{{kbd(200712 d)}}} will jump to January 12, 2007. If such a year - specification has only one or two digits, it will be mapped to the - interval 1938-2037. - -- {{{kbd(v w)}}} or short {{{kbd(w)}}}, ~org-agenda-week-view~ :: - #+kindex: v w - #+kindex: w - #+vindex: org-agenda-span - - Switch to week view. When switching week view, this setting becomes - the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric prefix argument - may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the ISO week. For - example {{{kbd(9 w)}}} to ISO week number 9. When setting week view, a - year may be encoded in the prefix argument as well. For example, - {{{kbd(200712 w)}}} will jump to week 12 in 2007. If such a year - specification has only one or two digits, it will be mapped to the - interval 1938-2037. - -- {{{kbd(v m)}}}, ~org-agenda-month-view~ :: - #+kindex: v m - #+vindex: org-agenda-span - - Switch to month view. Because month views are slow to create, they do - not become the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric - prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the - month. When setting month view, a year may be encoded in the prefix - argument as well. For example, {{{kbd(200712 m)}}} will jump to - December, 2007. If such a year specification has only one or two - digits, it will be mapped to the interval 1938-2037. - -- {{{kbd(v y)}}}, ~org-agenda-year-view~ :: - #+kindex: v y - #+vindex: org-agenda-span - - Switch to year view. Because year views are slow to create, they do - not become the default for subsequent agenda refreshes. A numeric - prefix argument may be used to jump directly to a specific day of the - year. - -- {{{kbdspckey(v,SPC)}}}, ~org-agenda-reset-view~ :: - #+kindex: v @key{SPC} - #+vindex: org-agenda-span - - Reset ~org-agenda-span~ to the current span. - -- {{{kbd(f)}}}, ~org-agenda-later~ :: - #+kindex: f - - Go forward in time to display the following ~org-agenda-current-span~ - days. For example, if the display covers a week, switch to the - following week. With prefix arg, go forward that many times - ~org-agenda-current-span~ days. - -- {{{kbd(b)}}}, ~org-agenda-earlier~ :: - #+kindex: b - - Go backward in time to display earlier dates. - -- {{{kbd(.)}}}, ~org-agenda-goto-today~ :: - #+kindex: . - - Go to today. - -- {{{kbd(j)}}}, ~org-agenda-goto-date~ :: - #+kindex: j - - Prompt for a date and go there. - -- {{{kbd(J)}}}, ~org-agenda-clock-goto~ :: - #+kindex: J - - Go to the currently clocked-in task /in the agenda buffer/. - -- {{{kbd(D)}}}, ~org-agenda-toggle-diary~ :: - #+kindex: D - - Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See [[Weekly/daily agenda]]. - -- {{{kbd(v l)}}} or {{{kbd(v L)}}} or short {{{kbd(l)}}}, ~org-agenda-log-mode~ :: - #+kindex: v l - #+kindex: l - #+kindex: v L - #+vindex: org-log-done - #+vindex: org-agenda-log-mode-items - - Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that were marked DONE - while logging was on (see the variable ~org-log-done~) are shown in - the agenda, as are entries that have been clocked on that day. You can - configure the entry types that should be included in log mode using - the variable ~org-agenda-log-mode-items~. When called with a - {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, show all possible logbook entries, including - state changes. When called with two prefix args {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}}, - show only logging information, nothing else. {{{kbd(v L)}}} is - equivalent to {{{kbd(C-u v l)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(v [)}}} or short {{{kbd([)}}}, ~org-agenda-manipulate-query-add~ :: - #+kindex: v [ - #+kindex: [ - - Include inactive timestamps into the current view. Only for - weekly/daily agenda and timeline views. - -- {{{kbd(v a)}}}, ~org-agenda-archives-mode~ :: - #+kindex: v a - - Toggle Archives mode. In Archives mode, trees that are marked - ~ARCHIVED~ are also scanned when producing the agenda. To exit - archives mode, press {{{kbd(v a)}}} again. - -- {{{kbd(v A)}}}, ~org-agenda-archives-mode 'files~ :: - - Toggle Archives mode. In Archives mode, trees that are marked - ~ARCHIVED~ are also scanned when producing the agenda, including all - archive files. To exit archives mode, press {{{kbd(v a)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(v R)}}} or short {{{kbd(R)}}}, ~org-agenda-clockreport-mode~ :: - #+kindex: v R - #+kindex: R - #+vindex: org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode - #+vindex: org-clock-report-include-clocking-task - - Toggle Clockreport mode. In Clockreport mode, the daily/weekly agenda - will always show a table with the clocked times for the timespan and - file scope covered by the current agenda view. The initial setting for - this mode in new agenda buffers can be set with the variable - ~org-agenda-start-with-clockreport-mode~. By using a prefix argument - when toggling this mode (i.e., {{{kbd(C-u R)}}}), the clock table will - not show contributions from entries that are hidden by agenda - filtering.[fn:94] See also the variable - ~org-clock-report-include-clocking-task~. - -- {{{kbd(v c)}}} :: - #+kindex: v c - #+vindex: org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks - - Show overlapping clock entries, clocking gaps, and other clocking - problems in the current agenda range. You can then visit clocking - lines and fix them manually. See the variable - ~org-agenda-clock-consistency-checks~ for information on how to - customize the definition of what constituted a clocking problem. To - return to normal agenda display, press {{{kbd(l)}}} to exit Logbook - mode. - -- {{{kbd(v E)}}} or short {{{kbd(E)}}}, ~org-agenda-entry-text-mode~ :: - #+kindex: v E - #+kindex: E - #+vindex: org-agenda-start-with-entry-text-mode - #+vindex: org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines - - Toggle entry text mode. In entry text mode, a number of lines from the - Org outline node referenced by an agenda line will be displayed below - the line. The maximum number of lines is given by the variable - ~org-agenda-entry-text-maxlines~. Calling this command with a numeric - prefix argument will temporarily modify that number to the prefix - value. - -- {{{kbd(G)}}}, ~org-agenda-toggle-time-grid~ :: - #+kindex: G - #+vindex: org-agenda-use-time-grid - #+vindex: org-agenda-time-grid - - Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables - ~org-agenda-use-time-grid~ and ~org-agenda-time-grid~. - -- {{{kbd(r)}}}, ~org-agenda-redo~ :: - #+kindex: r - - Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes after - modification of the timestamps of items with {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} and - {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}}. When the buffer is the global TODO list, a prefix - argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO - keyword. - -- {{{kbd(g)}}}, ~org-agenda-redo~ :: - #+kindex: g - - Same as {{{kbd(r)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd(s)}}}, ~org-save-all-org-buffers~ :: - #+kindex: C-x C-s - #+kindex: s - - Save all Org buffers in the current Emacs session, and also the - locations of IDs. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-c)}}}, ~org-agenda-columns~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-c - #+vindex: org-columns-default-format - - Invoke column view (see [[Column view]]) in the agenda buffer. The column - view format is taken from the entry at point, or (if there is no entry - at point), from the first entry in the agenda view. So whatever the - format for that entry would be in the original buffer (taken from a - property, from a ~#+COLUMNS~ line, or from the default variable - ~org-columns-default-format~), will be used in the agenda. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x >)}}}, ~org-agenda-remove-restriction-lock~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x > - - Remove the restriction lock on the agenda, if it is currently - restricted to a file or subtree (see [[Agenda files]]). - -*** FIXME Secondary filtering and query editing -#+cindex: filtering, by tag category and effort, in agenda -#+cindex: tag filtering, in agenda -#+cindex: category filtering, in agenda -#+cindex: effort filtering, in agenda -#+cindex: query editing, in agenda - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(<)}}}, ~org-agenda-filter-by-category~ :: - #+kindex: < - #+vindex: org-agenda-category-filter-preset - - Filter the current agenda view with respect to the category of the - item at point. Pressing {{{kbd(<)}}} another time will remove this - filter. You can add a filter preset through the option - ~org-agenda-category-filter-preset~ (see below). - -- {{{kbd(/)}}}, ~org-agenda-filter-by-tag~ :: - #+kindex: / - #+vindex: org-agenda-tag-filter-preset - - Filter the current agenda view with respect to a tag and/or effort - estimates. The difference between this and a custom agenda command is - that filtering is very fast, so that you can switch quickly between - different filters without having to recreate the - agenda.[fn:95] - - You will be prompted for a tag selection letter; {{{key(SPC)}}} will - mean any tag at all. Pressing {{{key(TAB)}}} at that prompt will offer - use completion to select a tag (including any tags that do not have a - selection character). The command then hides all entries that do not - contain or inherit this tag. When called with prefix arg, remove the - entries that /do/ have the tag. A second {{{kbd(/)}}} at the prompt - will turn off the filter and unhide any hidden entries. If the first - key you press is either {{{kbd(+)}}} or {{{kbd(-)}}}, the previous - filter will be narrowed by requiring or forbidding the selected - additional tag. Instead of pressing {{{kbd(+)}}} or {{{kbd(-)}}} after - {{{kbd(/)}}}, you can also immediately use the ~\~ command. - - #+vindex: org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high - - In order to filter for effort estimates, you should set up allowed - efforts globally, for example: - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-global-properties - '(("Effort_ALL". "0 0:10 0:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00"))) - #+end_src - - You can then filter for an effort by first typing an operator, one of - {{{kbd(<)}}}, {{{kbd(>)}}}, and {{{kbd(=)}}}, and then the one-digit - index of an effort estimate in your array of allowed values, where - {{{kbd(0)}}} means the 10th value. The filter will then restrict to - entries with effort smaller-or-equal, equal, or larger-or-equal than - the selected value. If the digits 0-9 are not used as fast access keys - to tags, you can also simply press the index digit directly without an - operator. In this case, {{{kbd(<)}}} will be assumed. For application - of the operator, entries without a defined effort will be treated - according to the value of ~org-sort-agenda-noeffort-is-high~. To - filter for tasks without effort definition, press {{{kbd(?)}}} as the - operator. - - Org also supports automatic, context-aware tag filtering. If the - variable ~org-agenda-auto-exclude-function~ is set to a user-defined - function, that function can decide which tags should be excluded from - the agenda automatically. Once this is set, the {{{kbd(/)}}} command - then accepts {{{kbd(RET)}}} as a sub-option key and runs the auto - exclusion logic. For example, let's say you use a ~Net~ tag to - identify tasks which need network access, an ~Errand~ tag for errands - in town, and a ~Call~ tag for making phone calls. You could - auto-exclude these tags based on the availability of the Internet, and - outside of business hours, with something like this: - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (defun org-my-auto-exclude-function (tag) - (and (cond - ((string= tag "Net") - (/= 0 (call-process "/sbin/ping" nil nil nil - "-c1" "-q" "-t1" "mail.gnu.org"))) - ((or (string= tag "Errand") (string= tag "Call")) - (let ((hour (nth 2 (decode-time)))) - (or (< hour 8) (> hour 21))))) - (concat "-" tag))) - (setq org-agenda-auto-exclude-function 'org-my-auto-exclude-function) - #+end_src - -- ~\~ ~org-agenda-filter-by-tag-refine~ :: - #+kindex: XXX - #+comment: Should be \ - Narrow the current agenda filter by an additional condition. When - called with prefix arg, remove the entries that /do/ have the tag, or - that do match the effort criterion. You can achieve the same effect by - pressing {{{kbd(+)}}} or {{{kbd(-)}}} as the first key after the - {{{kbd(/)}}} command. - -- {{{kbd([)}}} {{{kbd(])}}} {{{kbd({)}}} {{{kbd(})}}} in search view :: - #+kindex: [ - #+kindex: ] - #+kindex: @{ - #+kindex: @} - - Add new search words ({{{kbd([)}}} and {{{kbd(])}}}) or new regular - expressions ({{{kbd({)}}} and {{{kbd(})}}}) to the query string. The - opening bracket/brace will add a positive search term prefixed by - {{{samp(+)}}}, indicating that this search term /must/ occur/match in - the entry. The closing bracket/brace will add a negative search term - which /must not/ occur/match in the entry for it to be selected. - -*** FIXME Remote editing -#+cindex: remote editing, from agenda - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(0--9)}}} :: - - Digit argument. - -- {{{kbd(C-_)}}}, ~org-agenda-undo~ :: - #+kindex: C-_ - #+cindex: undoing remote-editing events - #+cindex: remote editing, undo - - Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is undone - both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer. - -- {{{kbd(t)}}}, ~org-agenda-todo~ :: - #+kindex: t - - Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the - original org file. - -- {{{kbdkey(C-S-,right)}}}, ~org-agenda-todo-nextset~ :: - #+kindex: C-S-@key{right} - - Switch to the next set of TODO keywords. - -- {{{kbdkey(C-S-,left)}}}, ~org-agenda-todo-previousset~ :: - #+kindex: C-S-@key{left} - - Switch to the previous set of TODO keywords. - -- {{{kbd(C-k)}}}, ~org-agenda-kill~ :: - #+kindex: C-k - #+vindex: org-agenda-confirm-kill - - Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree belonging - to it in the original Org file. If the text to be deleted remotely is - longer than one line, the kill needs to be confirmed by the user. See - variable ~org-agenda-confirm-kill~. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-w)}}}, ~org-agenda-refile~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-w - - Refile the entry at point. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-a)}}} or short {{{kbd(a)}}}, ~org-agenda-archive-default-with-confirmation~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-a - #+kindex: a - #+vindex: org-archive-default-command - - Archive the subtree corresponding to the entry at point using the - default archiving command set in ~org-archive-default-command~. When - using the ~a~ key, confirmation will be required. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x a)}}}, ~org-agenda-toggle-archive-tag~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x a - - Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x A)}}}, ~org-agenda-archive-to-archive-sibling~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x A - - Move the subtree corresponding to the current entry to its /archive - sibling/. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-s)}}} or short {{{kbd($)}}}, ~org-agenda-archive~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-s - #+kindex: $ - - Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline. This means - the entry will be moved to the configured archive location, most - likely a different file. - -- {{{kbd(T)}}}, ~org-agenda-show-tags~ :: - #+kindex: T - #+vindex: org-agenda-show-inherited-tags - - Show all tags associated with the current item. This is useful if you - have turned off ~org-agenda-show-inherited-tags~, but still want to - see all tags of a headline occasionally. - -- {{{kbd(:)}}}, ~org-agenda-set-tags~ :: - #+kindex: : - - Set tags for the current headline. If there is an active region in the - agenda, change a tag for all headings in the region. - -- {{{kbd(\\\,)}}} :: - #+kindex: , - Set the priority for the current item (~org-agenda-priority~). Org - mode prompts for the priority character. If you reply with - {{{key(SPC)}}}, the priority cookie is removed from the entry. - -- {{{kbd(P)}}}, ~org-agenda-show-priority~ :: - #+kindex: P - - Display weighted priority of current item. - -- {{{kbd(+)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}}, ~org-agenda-priority-up~ :: - #+kindex: + - - Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is changed in - the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted. Use the - {{{kbd(r)}}} key for this. - -- {{{kbd(-)}}} {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}}, ~org-agenda-priority-down~ :: - #+kindex: - - - Decrease the priority of the current item. - -- {{{kbd(z)}}} {{{kbd(C-c C-z)}}}, ~org-agenda-add-note~ :: - #+kindex: z - #+vindex: org-log-into-drawer - - Add a note to the entry. This note will be recorded, and then filed to - the same location where state change notes are put. Depending on - ~org-log-into-drawer~, this may be inside a drawer. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-a)}}}, ~org-attach~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-a - - Dispatcher for all command related to attachments. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-s)}}}, ~org-agenda-schedule~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-s - - Schedule this item. With prefix arg remove the scheduling timestamp - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-d)}}}, ~org-agenda-deadline~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-d - - Set a deadline for this item. With prefix arg remove the deadline. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}}, ~org-agenda-do-date-later~ :: - #+kindex: S-@key{right} - - Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day into - the future. If the date is in the past, the first call to this command - will move it to today. With a numeric prefix argument, change it by - that many days. For example, {{{kbdkey(3 6 5 S-,right)}}} will change - it by a year. With a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix, change the time by one - hour. If you immediately repeat the command, it will continue to - change hours even without the prefix arg. With a double - {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} prefix, do the same for changing minutes. The stamp is changed - in the original Org file, but the change is not directly reflected in - the agenda buffer. Use {{{kbd(r)}}} or {{{kbd(g)}}} to update the - buffer. - -- {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}}, ~org-agenda-do-date-earlier~ :: - #+kindex: S-@key{left} - - Change the timestamp associated with the current line by one day - into the past. - -- {{{kbd(>)}}}, ~org-agenda-date-prompt~ :: - #+kindex: > - - Change the timestamp associated with the current line. The key - {{{kbd(>)}}} has been chosen, because it is the same as {{{kbd(S-.)}}} - on my keyboard. - -- {{{kbd(I)}}}, ~org-agenda-clock-in~ :: - #+kindex: I - - Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running already, it - is stopped first. - -- {{{kbd(O)}}}, ~org-agenda-clock-out~ :: - #+kindex: O - - Stop the previously started clock. - -- {{{kbd(X)}}}, ~org-agenda-clock-cancel~ :: - #+kindex: X - - Cancel the currently running clock. - -- {{{kbd(J)}}}, ~org-agenda-clock-goto~ :: - #+kindex: J - - Jump to the running clock in another window. - -- {{{kbd(k)}}}, ~org-agenda-capture~ :: - #+kindex: k - #+cindex: capturing, from agenda - #+vindex: org-capture-use-agenda-date - - Like ~org-capture~, but use the date at point as the default date for - the capture template. See ~org-capture-use-agenda-date~ to make this - the default behavior of ~org-capture~. - -*** Bulk remote editing selected entries -#+cindex: remote editing, bulk, from agenda -#+vindex: org-agenda-bulk-persistent-marks -#+vindex: org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(m)}}}, ~org-agenda-bulk-mark~ :: - #+kindex: m - - Mark the entry at point for bulk action. With prefix arg, mark that - many successive entries. - -- {{{kbd(%)}}}, ~org-agenda-bulk-mark-regexp~ :: - #+kindex: % - - Mark entries matching a regular expression for bulk action. - -- {{{kbd(u)}}}, ~org-agenda-bulk-unmark~ :: - #+kindex: u - - Unmark entry for bulk action. - -- {{{kbd(U)}}}, ~org-agenda-bulk-remove-all-marks~ :: - #+kindex: U - - Unmark all marked entries for bulk action. - -- {{{kbd(B)}}}, ~org-agenda-bulk-action~ :: - #+kindex: B - - Bulk action: act on all marked entries in the agenda. This will prompt - for another key to select the action to be applied. The prefix arg to - {{{kbd(B)}}} will be passed through to the {{{kbd(s)}}} and - {{{kbd(d)}}} commands, to bulk-remove these special timestamps. By - default, marks are removed after the bulk. If you want them to - persist, set ~org-agenda-bulk-persistent-marks~ to ~t~ or hit - {{{kbd(p)}}} at the prompt. - - - {{{kbd(*)}}} :: - - Toggle persistent marks. - - - {{{kbd($)}}} :: - - Archive all selected entries. - - - {{{kbd(A)}}} :: - - Archive entries by moving them to their respective archive siblings. - - - {{{kbd(t)}}} :: - - Change TODO state. This prompts for a single TODO keyword and changes - the state of all selected entries, bypassing blocking and suppressing - logging notes (but not timestamps). - - - {{{kbd(+)}}} :: - - Add a tag to all selected entries. - - - {{{kbd(-)}}} :: - - Remove a tag from all selected entries. - - - {{{kbd(s)}}} :: - - Schedule all items to a new date. To shift existing schedule dates by - a fixed number of days, use something starting with double plus at the - prompt, for example {{{samp(++8d)}}} or {{{samp(++2w)}}}. - - - {{{kbd(d)}}} :: - - Set deadline to a specific date. - - - {{{kbd(r)}}} :: - - Prompt for a single refile target and move all entries. The entries - will no longer be in the agenda; refresh ({{{kbd(g)}}}) to bring them - back. - - - {{{kbd(S)}}} :: - - Reschedule randomly into the coming N days. N will be prompted for. - With prefix arg ({{{kbd(C-u B S)}}}), scatter only across weekdays. - - - {{{kbd(f)}}} :: - - Apply a function to marked entries.[fn:96] For example, the function - below sets the CATEGORY property of the entries to web. - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (defun set-category () - (interactive "P") - (let* ((marker (or (org-get-at-bol 'org-hd-marker) - (org-agenda-error))) - (buffer (marker-buffer marker))) - (with-current-buffer buffer - (save-excursion - (save-restriction - (widen) - (goto-char marker) - (org-back-to-heading t) - (org-set-property "CATEGORY" "web")))))) - #+end_src - -*** Calendar commands -#+cindex: calendar commands, from agenda - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(c)}}}, ~org-agenda-goto-calendar~ :: - #+kindex: c - - Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor. - -- {{{kbd(c)}}}, ~org-calendar-goto-agenda~ :: - #+kindex: c - - When in the calendar, compute and show the Org mode agenda for the - date at the cursor. - -- {{{kbd(i)}}}, ~org-agenda-diary-entry~ :: - #+kindex: i - #+vindex: org-agenda-diary-file - #+cindex: diary entries, creating from agenda - - Insert a new entry into the diary, using the date at the cursor and - (for block entries) the date at the mark. This will add to the Emacs - diary file, in a way similar to the {{{kbd(i)}}} command in the - calendar.[fn:97] The diary file will pop up in another window, where - you can add the entry. - - If you configure ~org-agenda-diary-file~ to point to an Org mode file, - Org will create entries (in Org mode syntax) in that file instead. - Most entries will be stored in a date-based outline tree that will - later make it easy to archive appointments from previous months/years. - The tree will be built under an entry with a ~DATE_TREE~ property, or - else with years as top-level entries. Emacs will prompt you for the - entry text---if you specify it, the entry will be created in - ~org-agenda-diary-file~ without further interaction. If you directly - press {{{key(RET)}}} at the prompt without typing text, the target - file will be shown in another window for you to finish the entry - there. See also the {{{kbd(k r)}}} command. - -- {{{kbd(M)}}}, ~org-agenda-phases-of-moon~ :: - #+kindex: M - - Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current date. - -- {{{kbd(S)}}}, ~org-agenda-sunrise-sunset~ :: - #+kindex: S - - Show sunrise and sunset times. The geographical location must be set - with calendar variables, see the documentation for the Emacs calendar. - -- {{{kbd(C)}}}, ~org-agenda-convert-date~ :: - #+kindex: C - - Convert the date at cursor into many other cultural and historic - calendars. - -- {{{kbd(H)}}}, ~org-agenda-holidays~ :: - #+kindex: H - - Show holidays for three months around the cursor date. - -- {{{kbd(M-x org-export-icalendar-combine-agenda-files)}}} :: - - Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda - files. This is a globally available command, and also available in the - agenda menu. - -*** Exporting to a file -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-x C-w)}}}, ~org-agenda-write~ :: - #+kindex: C-x C-w - #+cindex: exporting agenda views - #+cindex: agenda views, exporting - #+vindex: org-agenda-exporter-settings - - Write the agenda view to a file. Depending on the extension of the - selected file name, the view will be exported as HTML (extension - {{{file(.html)}}} or {{{file(.htm)}}}), Postscript (extension - {{{file(.ps)}}}), PDF (extension {{{file(.pdf)}}}), and plain text - (any other extension). When called with a {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix - argument, immediately open the newly created file. Use the variable - ~org-agenda-exporter-settings~ to set options for {{{file(ps-print)}}} - and for {{{file(htmlize)}}} to be used during export. - -*** Quit and exit -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(q)}}}, ~org-agenda-quit~ :: - #+kindex: q - - Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer. - -- {{{kbd(x)}}}, ~org-agenda-exit~ :: - #+kindex: x - #+cindex: agenda files, removing buffers - - Exit agenda, remove the agenda buffer and all buffers loaded by Emacs - for the compilation of the agenda. Buffers created by the user to - visit Org files will not be removed. - -** Custom agenda views - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Defining special searches and views - :END: -#+cindex: custom agenda views -#+cindex: agenda views, custom - -Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access -frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special composite -agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands will be accessible through the -dispatcher (see [[Agenda dispatcher]]), just like the default commands. - -*** Storing searches - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Type once, use often - :END: - -The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard -shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda -buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the -current buffer). - -#+kindex: C-c a C -#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands - -Custom commands are configured in the variable -~org-agenda-custom-commands~. You can customize this variable, for -example by pressing {{{kbd(C-c a C)}}}. You can also directly set it -with Emacs Lisp in {{{file(.emacs)}}}. The following example contains -all valid search types: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("w" todo "WAITING") - ("W" todo-tree "WAITING") - ("u" tags "+boss-urgent") - ("v" tags-todo "+boss-urgent") - ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent") - ("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>") - ("h" . "HOME+Name tags searches") ; description for "h" prefix - ("hl" tags "+home+Lisa") - ("hp" tags "+home+Peter") - ("hk" tags "+home+Kim"))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} The initial string in each entry defines the keys you -have to press after the dispatcher command {{{kbd(C-c a)}}} in order -to access the command. Usually this will be just a single character, -but if you have many similar commands, you can also define two-letter -combinations where the first character is the same in several -combinations and serves as a prefix key.[fn:98] The second parameter -is the search type, followed by the string or regular expression to be -used for the matching. The example above will therefore define: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @kbd -- C-c a w :: - - A global search for TODO entries with {{{samp(WAITING)}}} as the TODO - keyword. - -- C-c a W :: - - The same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying the - results as a sparse tree. - -- C-c a u :: - - A global tags search for headlines marked {{{samp(:boss:)}}} but not - {{{samp(:urgent:)}}}. - -- C-c a v :: - - The same search as {{{kbd(C-c a u)}}}, but limiting the search to - headlines that are also TODO items. - -- C-c a U :: - - The same search as {{{kbd(C-c a u)}}}, but only in the current buffer and - displaying the result as a sparse tree. - -- C-c a f :: - - Create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all entries - containing the word {{{samp(FIXME)}}} - -- C-c a h :: - - A prefix command for a HOME tags search where you have to press an - additional key ({{{kbd(l)}}}, {{{kbd(p)}}} or {{{kbd(k)}}}) to select - a name (Lisa, Peter, or Kim) as additional tag to match. - - -*** Block agenda - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: All the stuff you need in a single buffer - :END: -#+cindex: block agenda -#+cindex: agenda, with block views - -Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise -the results of /several/ commands, each of which creates a block in -the agenda buffer. The available commands include ~agenda~ for the -daily or weekly agenda (as created with {{{kbd(C-c a a)}}}), ~alltodo~ -for the global TODO list (as constructed with {{{kbd(C-c a t)}}}), and -the matching commands discussed above: ~todo~, ~tags~, and -~tags-todo~. Here are two examples: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" - ((agenda "") - (tags-todo "home") - (tags "garden"))) - ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" - ((agenda "") - (tags-todo "work") - (tags "office"))))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} This will define {{{kbd(C-c a h)}}} to create a -multi-block view for stuff you need to attend to at home. The -resulting agenda buffer will contain your agenda for the current week, -all TODO items that carry the tag {{{samp(home)}}}, and also all lines -tagged with {{{samp(garden)}}}. Finally the command {{{kbd(C-c a o)}}} -provides a similar view for office tasks. - -*** Setting options for custom commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Changing the rules - :END: -#+cindex: options, for custom agenda views -#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands - -Org mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction -and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda -commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to -change some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. -Setting options requires inserting a list of variable names and values -at the right spot in ~org-agenda-custom-commands~. For example: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("w" todo "WAITING" - ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down)) - (org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: "))) - ("U" tags-tree "+boss-urgent" - ((org-show-following-heading nil) - (org-show-hierarchy-above nil))) - ("N" search "" - ((org-agenda-files '("~org/notes.org")) - (org-agenda-text-search-extra-files nil))))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} Now the {{{kbd(C-c a w)}}} command will sort the -collected entries only by priority, and the prefix format is modified -to just say {{{samp( Mixed: )}}} instead of giving the category of the -entry. The sparse tags tree of {{{kbd(C-c a U)}}} will now turn out -ultra-compact, because neither the headline hierarchy above the match, -nor the headline following the match will be shown. The command -{{{kbd(C-c a N)}}} will do a text search limited to only a single -file. - -#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands - -For command sets creating a block agenda, ~org-agenda-custom-commands~ -has two separate spots for setting options. You can add options that -should be valid for just a single command in the set, and options that -should be valid for all commands in the set. The former are just added -to the command entry; the latter must come after the list of command -entries. Going back to the block agenda example (see [[Block -agenda]]), let's change the sorting strategy for the {{{kbd(C-c a -h)}}} commands to ~priority-down~, but let's sort the results for -GARDEN tags query in the opposite order, ~priority-up~. This would -look like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" - ((agenda) - (tags-todo "home") - (tags "garden" - ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up))))) - ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down)))) - ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" - ((agenda) - (tags-todo "work") - (tags "office"))))) -#+end_src - -As you see, the values and parentheses setting is a little complex. -When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable---it -fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: when setting options in -this interface, the /values/ are just Lisp expressions. So if the -value is a string, you need to add the double-quotes around the value -yourself. - -#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts - -To control whether an agenda command should be accessible from a -specific context, you can customize -~org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts~. Let's say for example that you -have an agenda command {{{kbd(o)}}} displaying a view that you only -need when reading emails. Then you would configure this option like -this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts - '(("o" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) -#+end_src - -You can also tell that the command key {{{kbd(o)}}} should refer to another -command key {{{kbd(r)}}}. In that case, add this command key like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands-contexts - '(("o" "r" (in-mode . "message-mode")))) -#+end_src - -See the docstring of the variable for more information. - -** Exporting agenda views - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Writing a view to a file - :END: -#+cindex: agenda views, exporting - -If you are away from your computer, it can be very useful to have a -printed version of some agenda views to carry around. Org mode can -export custom agenda views as plain text, HTML, Postscript, -PDF, and iCalendar files.[fn:99] If you want to -do this only occasionally, use the following command: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-x C-w)}}}, ~org-agenda-write~ :: - - #+cindex: exporting agenda views - #+cindex: agenda views, exporting - #+vindex: org-agenda-exporter-settings - - Write the agenda view to a file. Depending on the extension of the - selected file name, the view will be exported as HTML (extension - {{{file(.html)}}} or {{{file(.htm)}}}), Postscript (extension - {{{file(.ps)}}}), iCalendar (extension {{{file(.ics)}}}), or plain - text (any other extension). Use the variable - ~org-agenda-exporter-settings~ to set options for {{{file(ps-print)}}} - and for {{{file(htmlize)}}} to be used during export, for example: - - #+vindex: org-agenda-add-entry-text-maxlines - #+vindex: htmlize-output-type - #+vindex: ps-number-of-columns - #+vindex: ps-landscape-mode - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-agenda-exporter-settings - '((ps-number-of-columns 2) - (ps-landscape-mode t) - (org-agenda-add-entry-text-maxlines 5) - (htmlize-output-type 'css))) - #+end_src - - -If you need to export certain agenda views frequently, you can -associate any custom agenda command with a list of output file -names.[fn:100] Here is an example that first defines custom commands -for the agenda and the global TODO list, together with a number of -files to which to export them. Then we define two block agenda -commands and specify file names for them as well. File names can be -relative to the current working directory, or absolute. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("X" agenda "" nil ("agenda.html" "agenda.ps")) - ("Y" alltodo "" nil ("todo.html" "todo.txt" "todo.ps")) - ("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks" - ((agenda "") - (tags-todo "home") - (tags "garden")) - nil - ("~/views/home.html")) - ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks" - ((agenda) - (tags-todo "work") - (tags "office")) - nil - ("~/views/office.ps" "~/calendars/office.ics")))) -#+end_src - -The extension of the file name determines the type of export. If it is -{{{file(.html)}}}, Org mode will use the {{{file(htmlize.el)}}} -package to convert the buffer to HTML and save it to this file name. -If the extension is {{{file(.ps)}}}, ~ps-print-buffer-with-faces~ is -used to produce Postscript output. If the extension is -{{{file(.ics)}}}, iCalendar export is run export over all files that -were used to construct the agenda, and limit the export to entries -listed in the agenda. Any other extension produces a plain ASCII file. - -The export files are /not/ created when you use one of those -commands interactively because this might use too much overhead. -Instead, there is a special command to produce /all/ specified -files in one step: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c a e)}}}, ~org-store-agenda-views~ :: - - Export all agenda views that have export file names associated with - them. - - -You can use the options section of the custom agenda commands to also -set options for the export commands. For example: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-agenda-custom-commands - '(("X" agenda "" - ((ps-number-of-columns 2) - (ps-landscape-mode t) - (org-agenda-prefix-format " [ ] ") - (org-agenda-with-colors nil) - (org-agenda-remove-tags t)) - ("theagenda.ps")))) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} This command sets two options for the Postscript -exporter, to make it print in two columns in landscape format---the -resulting page can be cut in two and then used in a paper agenda. The -remaining settings modify the agenda prefix to omit category and -scheduling information, and instead include a checkbox to check off -items. We also remove the tags to make the lines compact, and we don't -want to use colors for the black-and-white printer. Settings specified -in ~org-agenda-exporter-settings~ will also apply, but the settings in -~org-agenda-custom-commands~ take precedence. - -{{{noindent}}} From the command line you may also use: - -#+begin_src sh - emacs -eval (org-batch-store-agenda-views) -kill -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} or, if you need to modify some parameters:[fn:101] - -#+begin_example - emacs -eval '(org-batch-store-agenda-views \ - org-agenda-span (quote month) \ - org-agenda-start-day "2007-11-01" \ - org-agenda-include-diary nil \ - org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \ - -kill -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} which will create the agenda views restricted to the -file {{{file(~/org/project.org)}}}, without diary entries and with a -30-day extent. - -You can also extract agenda information in a way that allows further -processing by other programs. See [[Extracting agenda information]], for -more information. - -** Using column view in the agenda - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Using column view for collected entries - :ALT_TITLE: Agenda column view - :END: -#+cindex: column view, in agenda -#+cindex: agenda, column view -<<Agenda column view>> - -Column view (see [[Column view]]) is normally used to view and edit -properties embedded in the hierarchical structure of an Org file. It -can be quite useful to use column view also from the agenda, where -entries are collected by certain criteria. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-c)}}}, ~org-agenda-columns~ :: - - Turn on column view in the agenda. - - -To understand how to use this properly, it is important to realize that the -entries in the agenda are no longer in their proper outline environment. -This causes the following issues: - -1. Org needs to make a decision which ~COLUMNS~ format to use. Since - the entries in the agenda are collected from different files, and - different files may have different ~COLUMNS~ formats, this is a - non-trivial problem. Org first checks if the variable - ~org-agenda-overriding-columns-format~ is currently set, and if so, - takes the format from there. Otherwise it takes the format - associated with the first item in the agenda, or, if that item does - not have a specific format (defined in a property, or in its file), - it uses ~org-columns-default-format~. - - #+vindex: org-columns-default-format - #+vindex: org-overriding-columns-format - -2. If any of the columns has a summary type defined (see [[Column - attributes]]), turning on column view in the agenda will visit all - relevant agenda files and make sure that the computations of this - property are up to date. This is also true for the special - ~CLOCKSUM~ property. Org will then sum the values displayed in the - agenda. In the daily/weekly agenda, the sums will cover a single - day; in all other views they cover the entire block. It is vital to - realize that the agenda may show the same entry /twice/ (for - example as scheduled and as a deadline), and it may show two - entries from the same hierarchy (for example a /parent/ and its - /child/). In these cases, the summation in the agenda will lead to - incorrect results because some values will count double. - - #+cindex: property, special, CLOCKSUM - -3. When the column view in the agenda shows the ~CLOCKSUM~, that is - always the entire clocked time for this item. So even in the - daily/weekly agenda, the clocksum listed in column view may - originate from times outside the current view. This has the - advantage that you can compare these values with a column listing - the planned total effort for a task---one of the major applications - for column view in the agenda. If you want information about - clocked time in the displayed period use clock table mode (press - {{{kbd(R)}}} in the agenda). - -4. When the column view in the agenda shows the ~CLOCKSUM_T~, that is - always today's clocked time for this item. So even in the weekly agenda, - the clocksum listed in column view only originates from today. This lets - you compare the time you spent on a task for today, with the time already - spent (via ~CLOCKSUM~) and with the planned total effort for it. - - #+cindex: property, special, CLOCKSUM_T - -* FIXME Markup for rich export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Prepare text for rich export - :ALT_TITLE: Markup - :END: - -When exporting Org mode documents, the exporter tries to reflect the -structure of the document as accurately as possible in the backend. -Since export targets like HTML, LaTeX, or DocBook allow much richer -formatting, Org mode has rules on how to prepare text for rich export. -This section summarizes the markup rules used in an Org mode buffer. - -** Structural markup elements - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The basic structure as seen by the exporter - :END: - -*** Document title - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Where the title is taken from - :END: -#+cindex: document title, markup rules - -{{{noindent}}} The title of the exported document is taken from the -special line: - -#+cindex: #+TITLE -#+begin_example - ,#+TITLE: This is the title of the document -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} If this line does not exist, the title is derived from -the first non-empty, non-comment line in the buffer. If no such line -exists, or if you have turned off exporting of the text before the -first headline (see below), the title will be the file name without -extension. - -#+cindex: property, EXPORT_TITLE - -If you are exporting only a subtree by marking is as the region, the -heading of the subtree will become the title of the document. If the -subtree has a property ~EXPORT_TITLE~, that will take precedence. - -*** Headings and sections - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The document structure as seen by the exporter - :END: -#+cindex: headings and sections, markup rules - -#+vindex: org-export-headline-levels - -The outline structure of the document as described in [[Document -structure]], forms the basis for defining sections of the exported -document. However, since the outline structure is also used for (for -example) lists of tasks, only the first three outline levels will be -used as headings. Deeper levels will become itemized lists. You can -change the location of this switch globally by setting the variable -~org-export-headline-levels~, or on a per-file basis with the ~H~ option: - -#+cindex: #+OPTIONS -#+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: H:4 -#+end_example - -*** Table of contents - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The if and where of the table of contents - :END: -#+cindex: table of contents, markup rules - -#+vindex: org-export-with-toc - -The table of contents is normally inserted directly before the first -headline of the file. If you would like to get it to a different -location, insert the string ~[TABLE-OF-CONTENTS]~ on a line by itself -at the desired location. The depth of the table of contents is by -default the same as the number of headline levels, but you can choose -a smaller number, or turn off the table of contents entirely, by -configuring the variable ~org-export-with-toc~, or on a per-file basis -with the ~toc~ option: - -#+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: toc:2 (only to two levels in TOC) - ,#+OPTIONS: toc:nil (no TOC at all) -#+end_example - -*** Initial text - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Text before the first heading? - :TITLE: Text before the first headline - :END: -#+cindex: text before first headline, markup rules -#+cindex: #+TEXT - -Org mode normally exports the text before the first headline, and even uses -the first line as the document title. The text will be fully marked up. If -you need to include literal HTML, LaTeX, or DocBook code, use the special -constructs described below in the sections for the individual exporters. - -#+vindex: org-export-skip-text-before-1st-heading - -Some people like to use the space before the first headline for setup -and internal links and therefore would like to control the exported -text before the first headline in a different way. You can do so by -setting the variable ~org-export-skip-text-before-1st-heading~ to ~t~. -On a per-file basis, you can get the same effect with -{{{samp(#+OPTIONS: skip:t)}}}. - -{{{noindent}}} - -If you still want to have some text before the first headline, use the -~#+TEXT~ construct: - -#+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: skip:t - ,#+TEXT: This text will go before the *first* headline. - ,#+TEXT: [TABLE-OF-CONTENTS] - ,#+TEXT: This goes between the table of contents and the *first* headline -#+end_example - -*** Lists - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Lists - :END: -#+cindex: lists, markup rules - -Plain lists as described in [[Plain lists]], are translated to the -backend's syntax for such lists. Most backends support unordered, -ordered, and description lists. - -*** Paragraphs - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Paragraphs - :END: -#+cindex: paragraphs, markup rules - -Paragraphs are separated by at least one empty line. If you need to -enforce a line break within a paragraph, use ~\\~ at the end -of a line. - -To keep the line breaks in a region, but otherwise use normal -formatting, you can use ~VERSE~ blocks, which can also be used to -format poetry: - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_VERSE -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_VERSE - Great clouds overhead - Tiny black birds rise and fall - Snow covers Emacs - - -- AlexSchroeder - #+END_VERSE -#+end_example - -When quoting a passage from another document, it is customary to -format this as a paragraph that is indented on both the left and the -right margin. You can include quotations in Org mode documents like -this: - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_QUOTE -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_QUOTE - Everything should be made as simple as possible, - but not any simpler -- Albert Einstein - #+END_QUOTE -#+end_example - -If you would like to center some text, do it like this: -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_CENTER -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_CENTER - Everything should be made as simple as possible, \\ - but not any simpler - #+END_CENTER -#+end_example - -*** Footnote markup - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Footnotes - :END: -#+cindex: footnotes, markup rules -#+cindex: @file{footnote.el} - -Footnotes defined in the way described in [[Creating footnotes]], will be exported -by all backends. Org allows multiple references to the same note, and -multiple footnotes side by side. - -*** Emphasis and monospace - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Bold, italic, etc. - :END: - -#+cindex: underlined text, markup rules -#+cindex: bold text, markup rules -#+cindex: italic text, markup rules -#+cindex: verbatim text, markup rules -#+cindex: code text, markup rules -#+cindex: strike-through text, markup rules - -You can make words **bold**, //italic//, _underlined_, ~=code=~ -and ~~verbatim~~, and, if you must, {{{samp(+strike-through+)}}}. Text -in the code and verbatim string is not processed for Org mode specific -syntax; it is exported verbatim. - -*** Horizontal rules - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Make a line - :END: -#+cindex: horizontal rules, markup rules - -A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, will be -exported as a horizontal line (~<hr/>~ in HTML and ~\hrule~ -in LaTeX). - -*** Comment lines - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What will *not* be exported - :END: -#+cindex: comment lines -#+cindex: exporting, not -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_COMMENT - -Lines starting with zero or more whitespace characters followed by one -{{{samp(#)}}} and a whitespace are treated as comments and will never -be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the word -{{{samp(COMMENT)}}} will never be exported. Finally, regions -surrounded by {{{samp(#+BEGIN_COMMENT)}}} ... -{{{samp(#+END_COMMENT)}}} will not be exported. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c ;)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c ; - - Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry. - -** Images and tables - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tables and images can be exported - :END: - -#+cindex: tables, markup rules -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+LABEL - -Both the native Org mode tables (see [[Tables]]) and tables formatted with -the {{{file(table.el)}}} package will be exported properly. For Org -mode tables, the lines before the first horizontal separator line will -become table header lines. You can use the following lines somewhere -before the table to assign a caption and a label for cross references, -and in the text you can refer to the object with -~\ref{tab:basic-data}~: - -#+begin_example - #+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next table (or link) - #+LABEL: tab:basic-data - | ... | ...| - |-----|----| -#+end_example - -Optionally, the caption can take the form: -#+begin_example - #+CAPTION: [Caption for list of figures]{Caption for table (or link).} -#+end_example - -#+cindex: inlined images, markup rules - -Some backends (HTML, LaTeX, and DocBook) allow you to directly -include images into the exported document. Org does this, if a link to -an image files does not have a description part, for example -~[[./img/a.jpg]]~. If you wish to define a caption for the image and maybe -a label for internal cross references, make sure that the link is on a -line by itself and precede it with ~#+CAPTION~ and ~#+LABEL~ as -follows: - -#+begin_example - #+CAPTION: This is the caption for the next figure link (or table) - #+LABEL: fig:SED-HR4049 - [[./img/a.jpg]] -#+end_example - -You may also define additional attributes for the figure. As this is -backend-specific, see the sections about the individual backends for -more information. - -See [[Handling links][the discussion of image links]]. - -** Literal examples - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Source code examples with special formatting - :END: -#+cindex: literal examples, markup rules -#+cindex: code line references, markup rules - -You can include literal examples that should not be subjected to -markup. Such examples will be typeset in monospace, so this is well -suited for source code and similar examples. -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_EXAMPLE - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE - Some example from a text file. - ,#+END_EXAMPLE -#+end_example - -Note that such blocks may be /indented/ in order to align nicely with -indented text and in particular with plain list structure (see [[Plain -lists]]). For simplicity when using small examples, you can also start -the example lines with a colon followed by a space. There may also be -additional whitespace before the colon: - -#+begin_example - Here is an example - : Some example from a text file. -#+end_example - -#+cindex: formatting source code, markup rules - -If the example is source code from a programming language, or any -other text that can be marked up by font-lock in Emacs, you can ask -for the example to look like the fontified Emacs buffer.[fn:102] This -is done with the {{{samp(src)}}} block, where you also need to specify -the name of the major mode that should be used to fontify the example, -see [[Easy templates]] for shortcuts to easily insert code blocks.[fn:103] - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_SRC - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp - (defun org-xor (a b) - "Exclusive or." - (if a (not b) b)) - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -Both in ~example~ and in ~src~ snippets, you can add a ~-n~ switch to -the end of the ~BEGIN~ line, to get the lines of the example numbered. -If you use a ~+n~ switch, the numbering from the previous numbered -snippet will be continued in the current one. In literal examples, Org -will interpret strings like {{{samp((ref:name))}}} as labels, and use -them as targets for special hyperlinks like ~[[(name)]]~ (i.e., the -reference name enclosed in single parenthesis). In HTML, hovering the -mouse over such a link will remote-highlight the corresponding code -line, which is kind of cool. - -You can also add a ~-r~ switch which /removes/ the labels from the -source code.[fn:104] With the ~-n~ switch, links to these references -will be labeled by the line numbers from the code listing, otherwise -links will use the labels with no parentheses. Here is an example: - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp -n -r - (save-excursion (ref:sc) - (goto-char (point-min)) (ref:jump) - #+END_SRC - In line [[(sc)]] we remember the current position. [[(jump)][Line (jump)]] - jumps to point-min. -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-coderef-label-format - -If the syntax for the label format conflicts with the language syntax, -use a ~-l~ switch to change the format, for example -{{{samp(#+BEGIN_SRC pascal -n -r -l "((%s))")}}}. See also the -variable ~org-coderef-label-format~. - -HTML export also allows examples to be published as text areas -(see [[Text areas in HTML export]]). - -Because the ~#+BEGIN_...~ and ~#+END_...~ patterns need to be added so -often, shortcuts are provided using the Easy Templates facility (see -[[Easy templates]]). - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c ' - - Edit the source code example at point in its native mode. This works - by switching to a temporary buffer with the source code. You need to - exit by pressing {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} again.[fn:105] The edited version - will then replace the old version in the Org buffer. Fixed-width - regions (where each line starts with a colon followed by a space) will - be edited using ~artist-mode~ to allow creating ASCII drawings - easily.[fn:106] Using this command in an empty line will create a new - fixed-width region. - -- {{{kbd(C-c l)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c l - - Calling ~org-store-link~ while editing a source code example in a - temporary buffer created with {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} will prompt for a - label. Make sure that it is unique in the current buffer, and insert - it with the proper formatting like {{{samp((ref:label))}}} at the end - of the current line. Then the label is stored as a link - {{{samp((label))}}}, for retrieval with {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}. - -** Include files - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Include additional files into a document - :END: -#+cindex: include files, markup rules - -During export, you can include the content of another file. For -example, to include your {{{file(.emacs)}}} file, you could use: - -#+cindex: #+INCLUDE - -#+begin_example - ,#+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" src emacs-lisp -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} The optional second and third parameter are the markup -(e.g., {{{samp(quote)}}}, {{{samp(example)}}}, or {{{samp(src)}}}), -and, if the markup is {{{samp(src)}}}, the language for formatting the -contents. The markup is optional; if it is not given, the text will be -assumed to be in Org mode format and will be processed normally. The -include line will also allow additional keyword parameters ~:prefix1~ -and ~:prefix~ to specify prefixes for the first line and for each -following line, ~:minlevel~ in order to get Org mode content demoted -to a specified level, as well as any options accepted by the selected -markup. For example, to include a file as an item, use: - -#+begin_example - ,#+INCLUDE: "~/snippets/xx" :prefix1 " + " :prefix " " -#+end_example - -You can also include a portion of a file by specifying a lines range -using the ~:lines~ parameter. The line at the upper end of the range -will not be included. The start and/or the end of the range may be -omitted to use the obvious defaults. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- #+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "5-10" :: - - Include lines 5 to 10, 10 excluded. - -- #+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "-10" :: - - Include lines 1 to 10, 10 excluded. - -- #+INCLUDE: "~/.emacs" :lines "10-" :: - - Include lines from 10 to EOF. - - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} - #+kindex: C-c ' - - Visit the include file at point. - -** Index entries - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Making an index - :END: -#+cindex: index entries, for publishing - -You can specify entries that will be used for generating an index -during publishing. This is done by lines starting with ~#+INDEX~. An -entry the contains an exclamation mark will create a sub item. See -[[Generating an index]] for more information. - -#+begin_example - ,* Curriculum Vitae - #+INDEX: CV - #+INDEX: Application!CV -#+end_example - -** Macro replacement - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Use macros to create complex output - :END: -#+cindex: macro replacement, during export -#+cindex: #+MACRO - -You can define text snippets with a macro: - -#+begin_example - ,#+MACRO: name replacement text $1, $2 are arguments -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} which can be referenced anywhere in the document (even in -code examples) with ~{{{name(arg1,arg2)}}}~. In addition to -defined macros, ~{{{title}}}~, ~{{{author}}}~, etc., -will reference information set by the ~#+TITLE:~, ~#+AUTHOR:~, and -similar lines. Also, ~{{{date(FORMAT)}}}~ and -~{{{modification-time(FORMAT)}}}~ refer to current date time -and to the modification time of the file being exported, respectively. -~FORMAT~ should be a format string understood by -~format-time-string~. - -Macro expansion takes place during export, and some people use it to -construct complex HTML code. - -** FIXME Embedded LaTeX - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: LaTeX can be freely used inside Org documents - :ALT_TITLE: Embedded Latex - :END: -#+cindex: @TeX{} interpretation -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} interpretation - -Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. -Exceptions include scientific notes, which often require mathematical -symbols and the occasional formula. LaTeX is widely used to typeset -scientific documents.[fn:107] Org mode supports embedding LaTeX -code into its files, because many academics are used to writing and -reading LaTeX source code, and because it can be readily processed -to produce pretty output for a number of export backends. - -*** Special symbols - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Greek letters and other symbols - :END: -#+cindex: math symbols -#+cindex: special symbols -#+cindex: @TeX{} macros -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} fragments, markup rules -#+cindex: HTML entities -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} entities - -You can use LaTeX macros to insert special symbols like -~\alpha~ to indicate the Greek letter, or ~\to~ to -indicate an arrow. Completion for these macros is available, just type -~\~ and maybe a few letters, and press {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}} -to see possible completions. Unlike LaTeX code, Org mode allows -these macros to be present without surrounding math delimiters, for -example: - -#+begin_example - Angles are written as Greek letters \alpha, \beta and \gamma. -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-entities - -During export, these symbols will be transformed into the native -format of the exporter backend. Strings like ~\alpha~ will be exported -as ~α~ in the HTML output, and as ~$\alpha$~ in the LaTeX -output. Similarly, ~\nbsp~ will become ~ ~ in HTML and ~~~ in -LaTeX. If you need such a symbol inside a word, terminate it like -this: ~\Aacute{}stor~. - -A large number of entities is provided, with names taken from both -HTML and LaTeX; see the variable ~org-entities~ for the complete -list. ~\-~ is treated as a shy hyphen, and {{{samp(--)}}}, -{{{samp(---)}}}, and {{{samp(...)}}} are all converted into special -commands creating hyphens of different lengths or a compact set of -dots. - -If you would like to see entities displayed as UTF8 characters, use the -following command:[fn:108] - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x XXX)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x XXX -# Should be \ - Toggle display of entities as UTF-8 characters. This does not change - the buffer content which remains plain ASCII, but it overlays the - UTF-8 character for display purposes only. - -*** FIXME Subscripts and superscripts - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text - :END: -#+cindex: subscript -#+cindex: superscript - -Just like in LaTeX, {{{samp(^)}}} and {{{samp(_)}}} are used to -indicate super- and subscripts. Again, these can be used without -embedding them in math-mode delimiters. To increase the readability of -ASCII text, it is not necessary (but OK) to surround multi-character -sub- and superscripts with curly braces. For example - -#+begin_example - The mass of the sun is M_sun = 1.989 x 10^30 kg. The radius of - the sun is R_{sun} = 6.96 x 10^8 m. -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-export-with-sub-superscripts - -To avoid interpretation as raised or lowered text, you can quote -{{{kbd(^)}}} and {{{kbd(_)}}} with a backslash: ~\^~ and ~\_~. If you -write a text where the underscore is often used in a different -context, Org's convention to always interpret these as subscripts can -get in your way. Configure the variable -~org-export-with-sub-superscripts~ to globally change this convention, -or use, on a per-file basis: - -#+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: ^:{} -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} With this setting, ~a_b~ will not be interpreted as a -subscript, but ~a_{b}~ will. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x XXX)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x XXX -# Should be \ - In addition to showing entities as UTF-8 characters, this command will - also format sub- and superscripts in a WYSIWYM way. - -*** LaTeX fragments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Complex formulas made easy - :END: -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} fragments -#+vindex: org-format-latex-header - -Going beyond symbols and sub- and superscripts, a full formula -language is needed. Org mode can contain LaTeX math fragments, and -it supports ways to process these for several export backends. When -exporting to LaTeX, the code is obviously left as it is. When -exporting to HTML, Org invokes the [[http://www.mathjax.org][MathJax library]] (see [[Math -formatting in HTML export]]) to process and display the math.[fn:109] -Finally, it can also process the mathematical expressions into images -that can be displayed in a browser or in DocBook documents.[fn:110] - -LaTeX fragments don't need any special marking at all. The following -snippets will be identified as LaTeX source code: - -- Environments of any kind.[fn:111] The only requirement is that the - ~\begin~ statement appears on a new line, preceded by only whitespace. - -- Text within the usual LaTeX math delimiters. To avoid conflicts - with currency specifications, single ~$~ characters are - only recognized as math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at - most two line breaks, is directly attached to the ~$~ - characters with no whitespace in between, and if the closing - ~$~ is followed by whitespace, punctuation or a dash. For - the other delimiters, there is no such restriction, so when in - doubt, use ~\(...\)~ as inline math delimiters. - - -{{{noindent}}} For example: - -#+begin_example - \begin{equation} % arbitrary environments, - x=\sqrt{b} % even tables, figures - \end{equation} % etc - - If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be - either $$ a=+\sqrt{2} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt{2} \]. -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} -#+vindex: org-format-latex-options - -If you need any of the delimiter ASCII sequences for other purposes, -you can configure the option ~org-format-latex-options~ to deselect -the ones you do not wish to have interpreted by the LaTeX -converter. - -#+vindex: org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments - -LaTeX processing can be configured with the variable -~org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments~. The default setting is ~t~ which -means {{{file(MathJax)}}} for HTML, and no processing for DocBook, -ASCII and LaTeX backends. You can also set this variable on a -per-file basis using one of these lines: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- #+OPTIONS: LaTeX:t :: - - Do the right thing automatically (MathJax). - -- #+OPTIONS: LaTeX:dvipng :: - - Force using dvipng images. - -- #+OPTIONS: LaTeX:nil :: - - Do not process LaTeX fragments at all - -- #+OPTIONS: LaTeX:verbatim :: - - Verbatim export, for jsMath or so. - -*** Previewing LaTeX fragments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What will this snippet look like? - :END: -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} fragments, preview - -If you have {{{file(dvipng)}}} installed, LaTeX fragments can be -processed to produce preview images of the typeset expressions: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-l)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-l - - Produce a preview image of the LaTeX fragment at point and overlay - it over the source code. If there is no fragment at point, process all - fragments in the current entry (between two headlines). When called - with a prefix argument, process the entire subtree. When called with - two prefix arguments, or when the cursor is before the first headline, - process the entire buffer. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - - Remove the overlay preview images. - - -#+vindex: org-format-latex-options - -You can customize the variable ~org-format-latex-options~ to influence -some aspects of the preview. In particular, the ~:scale~ (and for HTML -export, ~:html-scale~) property can be used to adjust the size of the -preview images. - -*** CDLaTeX mode - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Speed up entering of formulas - :TITLE: Using CDLaTeX to enter math - :END: -#+cindex: CD@LaTeX{} - -CDLaTeX mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination -with a major LaTeX mode like AUCTeX in order to speed-up -insertion of environments and math templates. Inside Org mode, you can -make use of some of the features of CDLaTeX mode. You need to -install {{{file(cdlatex.el)}}} and {{{file(texmathp.el)}}} (the latter -comes also with AUCTeX) from -[[http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/cdlatex]]. Don't use CDLaTeX -mode itself under Org mode, but use the light version -~org-cdlatex-mode~ that comes as part of Org mode. Turn it on for the -current buffer with ~M-x org-cdlatex-mode~, or for all Org files with -this hook: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-org-cdlatex) -#+end_src - -When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for more -details see the documentation of CDLaTeX mode): - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c {)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c @{ - - Insert an environment template. - -- {{{key(TAB)}}} :: - #+kindex: @key{TAB} - - Expand a template if the cursor is inside a LaTeX fragment.[fn:112] - For example, {{{key(TAB)}}} will expand ~fr~ to ~\frac{}{}~ and - position the cursor correctly inside the first brace. Another - {{{key(TAB)}}} will get you into the second brace. Even outside - fragments, {{{key(TAB)}}} will expand environment abbreviations at the - beginning of a line. For example, if you write {{{samp(equ)}}} at the - beginning of a line and press {{{key(TAB)}}}, this abbreviation will - be expanded to an ~equation~ environment. To get a list of all - abbreviations, type {{{kbd(M-x cdlatex-command-help)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(_)}}} {{{kbd(^)}}} :: - #+kindex: _ - #+kindex: ^ - #+vindex: cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts - - Pressing {{{kbd(_)}}} and {{{kbd(^)}}} inside a LaTeX fragment will - insert these characters together with a pair of braces. If you use - {{{key(TAB)}}} to move out of the braces, and if the braces surround - only a single character or macro, they are removed again (depending on - the variable ~cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts~). - -- {{{kbd(`)}}} :: - #+kindex: ` - - Pressing the backquote followed by a character inserts math macros, - also outside LaTeX fragments. If you wait more than 1.5 seconds - after the backquote, a help window will pop up. - -- {{{kbd(')}}} :: - #+kindex: ' - - Pressing the single-quote followed by another character modifies the - symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you wait more than - 1.5 seconds after the single-quote, a help window will pop up. - Character modification will work only inside LaTeX fragments; - outside the quote is normal. - -* FIXME Exporting - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Sharing and publishing notes - :END: -#+cindex: exporting - -Org mode documents can be exported into a variety of other formats. -For printing and sharing of notes, ASCII export produces a readable -and simple version of an Org file. HTML export allows you to publish a -notes file on the web, while the XOXO format provides a solid base for -exchange with a broad range of other applications. LaTeX export -lets you use Org mode and its structured editing functions to easily -create LaTeX files. DocBook export makes it possible to convert Org -files to many other formats using DocBook tools. OpenDocument Text -(ODT) export allows seamless collaboration across organizational -boundaries. For project management you can create gantt and resource -charts by using TaskJuggler export. To incorporate entries with -associated times like deadlines or appointments into a desktop -calendar program like iCal, Org mode can also produce extracts in the -iCalendar format. Currently, Org mode only supports export, not import -of these different formats. - -Org supports export of selected regions when ~transient-mark-mode~ is -enabled (default in Emacs 23). - -** Selective export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Using tags to select and exclude trees - :END: -#+cindex: export, selective by tags or TODO keyword -#+vindex: org-export-select-tags -#+vindex: org-export-exclude-tags -#+cindex: org-export-with-tasks - -You may use tags to select the parts of a document that should be exported, -or to exclude parts from export. This behavior is governed by two variables: -~org-export-select-tags~ and ~org-export-exclude-tags~, -respectively defaulting to ~:export:~ and ~:noexport:~. - -1. Org first checks if any of the /select/ tags is present in the - buffer. If yes, all trees that do not carry one of these tags will - be excluded. If a selected tree is a subtree, the heading hierarchy - above it will also be selected for export, but not the text below - those headings. - -2. If none of the select tags is found, the whole buffer will be - selected for export. - -3. Finally, all subtrees that are marked by any of the /exclude/ tags - will be removed from the export buffer. - - -The variable ~org-export-with-tasks~ can be configured to select which -kind of tasks should be included for export. See the docstring of the -variable for more information. - -** FIXME Export options - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Per-file export settings - :END: -#+cindex: options, for export -#+cindex: completion, of option keywords - -The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide -additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file. -The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with -{{{kbd(C-c C-e t)}}}. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword -is correct is to type {{{samp(#+)}}} and then use {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}} -completion (see [[Completion]]). For a summary of other in-buffer settings -not specifically related to export, see [[In-buffer settings]]. In -particular, note that you can place commonly-used (export) options in -a separate file which can be included using ~#+SETUPFILE~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e t)}}}, ~org-insert-export-options-template~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e t - - Insert template with export options, see example below. - - -#+cindex: #+TITLE -#+cindex: #+AUTHOR -#+cindex: #+DATE -#+cindex: #+EMAIL -#+cindex: #+DESCRIPTION -#+cindex: #+KEYWORDS -#+cindex: #+LANGUAGE -#+cindex: #+TEXT -#+cindex: #+OPTIONS -#+cindex: #+BIND -#+cindex: #+LINK_UP -#+cindex: #+LINK_HOME -#+cindex: #+EXPORT_SELECT_TAGS -#+cindex: #+EXPORT_EXCLUDE_TAGS -#+cindex: #+XSLT -#+cindex: #+LaTeX_HEADER -#+vindex: user-full-name -#+vindex: user-mail-address -#+vindex: org-export-default-language -#+vindex: org-export-date-timestamp-format - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- #+TITLE: :: - - The title to be shown (default is the buffer name). - -- #+AUTHOR: :: - - The author (default taken from ~user-full-name~). - -- #+DATE: :: - - A date, an Org timestamp, or a format string for - ~format-time-string~.[fn:113] - -- #+EMAIL: :: - - His/her email address (default from ~user-mail-address~). - -- #+DESCRIPTION: :: - - The page description, e.g., for the XHTML meta tag. - -- #+KEYWORDS: :: - - The page keywords, e.g., for the XHTML meta tag. - -- #+LANGUAGE: :: - - Language for HTML, e.g., en (~org-export-default-language~). - -- #+TEXT: :: - - Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning. - -- #+TEXT: :: - - Several lines may be given. - -- #+OPTIONS: :: - - H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t f:t TeX:t ... - -- #+BIND: :: - - Lisp-var lisp-val, e.g., org-export-latex-low-levels itemize. You need - to confirm using these, or configure ~org-export-allow-BIND~. - -- #+LINK_UP: :: - - The ``up'' link of an exported page. - -- #+LINK_HOME: :: - - The ``home'' link of an exported page. - -- #+LaTeX_HEADER: :: - - Extra line(s) for the LaTeX header, like ~\usepackage{xyz}~. - -- #+EXPORT_SELECT_TAGS: :: - - Tags that select a tree for export. - -- #+EXPORT_EXCLUDE_TAGS: :: - - Tags that exclude a tree from export. - -- #+XSLT: :: - - The XSLT stylesheet used by DocBook exporter to generate FO file. - - - -{{{noindent}}} The ~#+OPTIONS~ line is a compact form to specify -export settings.[fn:114] Here you can: - -#+cindex: headline levels -#+cindex: section-numbers -#+cindex: table of contents -#+cindex: line-break preservation -#+cindex: quoted HTML tags -#+cindex: fixed-width sections -#+cindex: tables -#+cindex: @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts -#+cindex: footnotes -#+cindex: special strings -#+cindex: emphasized text -#+cindex: @TeX{} macros -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} fragments -#+cindex: author info, in export -#+cindex: time info, in export -#+vindex: org-export-plist-vars -#+vindex: org-export-author-info -#+vindex: org-export-creator-info -#+vindex: org-export-email-info -#+vindex: org-export-time-stamp-file - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code -- H: :: - - Set the number of headline levels for export. - -- num: :: - - Turn on/off section-numbers. - -- toc: :: - - Turn on/off table of contents, or set level limit (integer). - -- \n: :: - - Turn on/off line-break-preservation (DOES NOT WORK). - -- @: :: - - Turn on/off quoted HTML tags. - -- :: :: - - Turn on/off fixed-width sections. - -- |: :: - - Turn on/off tables, - -- ^: :: - - Turn on/off TeX-like syntax for sub- and superscripts. If you write - "^:{}", ~a_{b}~ will be interpreted, but the simple ~a_b~ will be left - as it is. - -- : :: - - Turn on/off conversion of special strings. - -- f: :: - - Turn on/off footnotes like this: ~[1]~. - -- todo: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of TODO keywords into exported text. - -- tasks: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of tasks (TODO items), can be nil to remove all - tasks, ~todo~ to remove DONE tasks, or list of keywords to keep. - -- pri: :: - - Turn on/off priority cookies. - -- tags: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of tags, may also be ~not-in-toc~. - -- <: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of any time/date stamps like DEADLINES. - -- *: :: - - Turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined). - -- TeX: :: - - Turn on/off simple TeX macros in plain text. - -- LaTeX: :: - - Configure export of LaTeX fragments. Default ~auto~. - -- skip: :: - - Turn on/off skipping the text before the first heading. - -- author: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of author name/email into exported file. - -- email: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of author email into exported file. - -- creator: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of creator info into exported file. - -- timestamp: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion creation time into exported file. - -- d: :: - - Turn on/off inclusion of drawers, or list drawers to include. - - -{{{noindent}}} These options take effect in both the HTML and LaTeX -export, except for ~TeX~ and ~LaTeX~ options, which are respectively -~t~ and ~nil~ for the LaTeX export. - -The default values for these and many other options are given by a set -of variables. For a list of such variables, the corresponding OPTIONS -keys and also the publishing keys (see [[Project alist]]), see the -constant ~org-export-plist-vars~. - -When exporting only a single subtree by selecting it with -{{{kbd(C-c @)}}} before calling an export command, the subtree can -overrule some of the file's export settings with properties -~EXPORT_FILE_NAME~, ~EXPORT_TITLE~, ~EXPORT_TEXT~, ~EXPORT_AUTHOR~, -~EXPORT_DATE~, and ~EXPORT_OPTIONS~. - -** The export dispatcher - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to access exporter commands - :END: -#+cindex: dispatcher, for export commands - -All export commands can be reached using the export dispatcher, which -is a prefix key that prompts for an additional key specifying the -command. Normally the entire file is exported, but if there is an -active region that contains one outline tree, the first heading is -used as document title and the subtrees are exported. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e)}}}, ~org-export~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e - #+vindex: org-export-run-in-background - - Dispatcher for export and publishing commands. Displays a help-window - listing the additional key(s) needed to launch an export or publishing - command. The prefix arg is passed through to the exporter. A double - prefix {{{kbd(C-u C-u)}}} causes most commands to be executed in the - background, in a separate Emacs process.[fn:115] - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e v)}}}, ~org-export-visible~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e v - - Like {{{kbd(C-c C-e)}}}, but only export the text that is currently visible - (i.e., not hidden by outline visibility). - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-u C-c C-e)}}}, ~org-export~ :: - #+kindex: C-u C-u C-c C-e - #+vindex: org-export-run-in-background - - Call the exporter, but reverse the setting of - ~org-export-run-in-background~, i.e., request background processing if - not set, or force processing in the current Emacs process if set. - -** ASCII/Latin-1/UTF-8 export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to flat files with encoding - :END: -#+cindex: ASCII export -#+cindex: Latin-1 export -#+cindex: UTF-8 export - -ASCII export produces a simple and very readable version of an Org -mode file, containing only plain ASCII. Latin-1 and UTF-8 export -augment the file with special characters and symbols available in -these encodings. - -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient-mark-mode - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e a)}}}, ~org-export-as-ascii~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e a - #+cindex: property, EXPORT_FILE_NAME - - Export as an ASCII file. For an Org file, {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, the - ASCII file will be {{{file(myfile.txt)}}}. The file will be - overwritten without warning. If there is an active region, only the - region will be exported.[fn:116] If the selected region is a single - tree, the tree head will become the document title.[fn:117] If the - tree head entry has or inherits an ~EXPORT_FILE_NAME~ property, that - name will be used for the export. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e A)}}}, ~org-export-as-ascii-to-buffer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e A - - Export to a temporary buffer. Do not create a file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e n)}}}, ~org-export-as-latin1~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e n - - Like {{{kbd(C-c C-e a)}}}, but use Latin-1 encoding. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e N)}}}, ~org-export-as-latin1-to-buffer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e N - - Like {{{kbd(C-c C-e A)}}}, but use Latin-1 encoding. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e u)}}}, ~org-export-as-utf8~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e u - - Like {{{kbd(C-c C-e a)}}}, but use UTF-8 encoding. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e U)}}}, ~org-export-as-utf8-to-buffer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e U - - Like {{{kbd(C-c C-e A)}}}, but use UTF-8 encoding. - - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e v a/n/u)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e v a - #+kindex: C-c C-e v n - #+kindex: C-c C-e v u - - Export only the visible part of the document. - - -#+cindex: headline levels, for exporting - -In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become -headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels -will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to -occur at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument, e.g.: - -#+begin_example - C-1 C-c C-e a -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} This setting creates only top level headlines and -exports the rest as items. When headlines are converted to items, the -indentation of the text following the headline is changed to fit -nicely under the item. This is done with the assumption that the first -body line indicates the base indentation of the body text. Any -indentation larger than this is adjusted to preserve the layout -relative to the first line. Should there be lines with less -indentation than the first one, these are left alone. - -#+vindex: org-export-ascii-links-to-notes - -Links will be exported in a footnote-like style, with the descriptive -part in the text and the link in a note before the next heading. See -the variable ~org-export-ascii-links-to-notes~ for details and other -options. - -** HTML export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to HTML - :END: -#+cindex: HTML export -#+cindex: Gruber, John - -Org mode contains a HTML (XHTML 1.0 strict) exporter with extensive -HTML formatting, in ways similar to John Gruber's /markdown/ language, -but with additional support for tables. - -*** HTML export commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to invoke HTML export - :END: -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient-mark-mode - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e h)}}}, ~org-export-as-html~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e h - #+cindex: property, EXPORT_FILE_NAME - - Export as an HTML file. For an Org file {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, the - HTML file will be {{{file(myfile.html)}}}. The file will be - overwritten without warning. If there is an active region, only the - active region will be exported.[fn:118] If the selected region is a - single tree, the tree head will become the document title.[fn:119] If - the tree head entry has, or inherits, an ~EXPORT_FILE_NAME~ property, - that name will be used for the export. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e b)}}}, ~org-export-as-html-and-open~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e b - - Export as a HTML file and immediately open it with a browser. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e H)}}}, ~org-export-as-html-to-buffer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e H - - Export to a temporary buffer. Do not create a file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e R)}}}, ~org-export-region-as-html~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e R - - Export the active region to a temporary buffer. With a prefix - argument, do not produce the file header and footer, but just the - plain HTML section for the region. This is good for cut-and-paste - operations. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e v h/b/H/R)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e v h - #+kindex: C-c C-e v b - #+kindex: C-c C-e v H - #+kindex: C-c C-e v R - - Export only the visible part of the document. - -- {{{kbd(M-x org-export-region-as-html)}}} :: - - Convert the region to HTML under the assumption that it was in Org - mode syntax before. This is a global command that can be invoked in - any buffer. - -- {{{kbd(M-x org-replace-region-by-HTML)}}} :: - - Replace the active region (assumed to be in Org mode syntax) by HTML - code. - - -#+cindex: headline levels, for exporting - -In the exported version, the first three outline levels will become -headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels -will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to -occur at a different level, specify it with a numeric prefix argument, -e.g.: - -#+begin_example - C-2 C-c C-e b -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} This setting creates two levels of headings and exports -the rest as list items. - -*** HTML preamble and postamble - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to insert a preamble and postamble - :END: -#+vindex: org-export-html-preamble -#+vindex: org-export-html-postamble -#+vindex: org-export-html-preamble-format -#+vindex: org-export-html-postamble-format -#+vindex: org-export-html-validation-link -#+vindex: org-export-author-info -#+vindex: org-export-email-info -#+vindex: org-export-creator-info -#+vindex: org-export-time-stamp-file - -The HTML exporter lets you define a preamble and a postamble. - -The default value for ~org-export-html-preamble~ is ~t~, which means -that the preamble is inserted depending on the relevant format string -in ~org-export-html-preamble-format~. - -Setting ~org-export-html-preamble~ to a string will override the default -format string. Setting it to a function, will insert the output of the -function, which must be a string; such a function takes no argument but you -can check against the value of ~opt-plist~, which contains the list of -publishing properties for the current file. Setting to ~nil~ will not -insert any preamble. - -The default value for ~org-export-html-postamble~ is -{{{samp('auto)}}}, which means that the HTML exporter will look for -the value of ~org-export-author-info~, ~org-export-email-info~, -~org-export-creator-info~ and ~org-export-time-stamp-file~, -~org-export-html-validation-link~ and build the postamble from these -values. Setting ~org-export-html-postamble~ to ~t~ will insert the -postamble from the relevant format string found in -~org-export-html-postamble-format~. Setting it to ~nil~ will not -insert any postamble. - -*** Quoting HTML tags - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Using direct HTML in Org mode - :END: - -Plain ~<~ and {{{samp(>)}}} are always transformed to -{{{samp(<)}}} and {{{samp(>)}}} in HTML export. If you want to -include simple HTML tags which should be interpreted as such, mark -them with {{{samp(@)}}} as in {{{samp(@<b>bold text@</b>)}}}. Note -that this really works only for simple tags. For more extensive HTML -that should be copied verbatim to the exported file use either ~#+HTML~: - -#+cindex: #+HTML -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_HTML -#+begin_example - ,#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} or an HTML block: -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_HTML - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_HTML - All lines between these markers are exported literally - #+END_HTML -#+end_example - -*** Links in HTML export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How links will be interpreted and formatted - :END: -#+cindex: links, in HTML export -#+cindex: internal links, in HTML export -#+cindex: external links, in HTML export - -Internal links (see [[Internal links]]) will continue to work in HTML. -This includes automatic links created by radio targets (see [[Radio -targets]]). Links to external files will still work if the target file -is on the same /relative/ path as the published Org file. Links to -other {{{file(.org)}}} files will be translated into HTML links under -the assumption that a HTML version also exists of the linked file, at -the same relative path. ~id:~ links can then be used to jump -to specific entries across files. For information related to linking -files while publishing them to a publishing directory see [[Publishing -links]]. - -If you want to specify attributes for links, you can do so using a -special ~#+ATTR_HTML~ line to define attributes that will be added to -the ~<a>~ or ~<img>~ tags. Here is an example that sets ~title~ and -~style~ attributes for a link: - -#+cindex: #+ATTR_HTML -#+begin_example - ,#+ATTR_HTML: title="The Org mode homepage" style="color:red;" - ,[[http://orgmode.org]] -#+end_example - -*** Tables in HTML export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to modify the formatting of tables - :END: -#+cindex: tables, in HTML -#+vindex: org-export-html-table-tag - -Org mode tables are exported to HTML using the table tag defined in -~org-export-html-table-tag~. The default setting makes tables without -cell borders and frame. If you would like to change this for -individual tables, place something like the following before the -table: - -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+ATTR_HTML -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: This is a table with lines around and between cells - ,#+ATTR_HTML: border="2" rules="all" frame="border" -#+end_example - -*** Images in HTML export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to insert figures into HTML output - :END: -#+cindex: images, inline in HTML -#+cindex: inlining images in HTML -#+vindex: org-export-html-inline-images - -HTML export can inline images given as links in the Org file, and it -can make an image the clickable part of a link. By default, images are -inlined if a link does not have a description.[fn:120] So -~[[file:myimg.jpg]]~ will be inlined, while ~[[file:myimg.jpg][the -image]]~ will just produce a link {{{samp(the image)}}} that points to -the image. If the description part itself is a ~file:~ link or -a ~http:~ URL pointing to an image, this image will be inlined and -activated so that clicking on the image will activate the link. For -example, to include a thumbnail that will link to a high resolution -version of the image, you could use: - -#+begin_example - [[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]] -#+end_example - -If you need to add attributes to an inlined image, use a ~#+ATTR_HTML~. -In the example below we specify the ~alt~ and ~title~ attributes to -support text viewers and accessibility, and align it to the right. - -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+ATTR_HTML -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: A black cat stalking a spider - ,#+ATTR_HTML: alt="cat/spider image" title="Action!" align="right" - [[./img/a.jpg]] -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} You could use ~http~ addresses just as well. - -*** Math formatting in HTML export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Beautiful math also on the web - :END: -#+cindex: MathJax -#+cindex: dvipng - -LaTeX math snippets (see [[LaTeX fragments]]) can be displayed in two -different ways on HTML pages. The default is to use the [[http://www.mathjax.org][MathJax system]] -which should work out of the box with Org mode installation because -~http://orgmode.org~ serves {{{file(MathJax)}}} for Org mode users for -small applications and for testing purposes.[fn:121] To configure -{{{file(MathJax)}}}, use the variable -~org-export-html-mathjax-options~ or insert something like the -following into the buffer: - -#+begin_example - ,#+MATHJAX: align:"left" mathml:t path:"/MathJax/MathJax.js" -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} See the docstring of the variable -~org-export-html-mathjax-options~ for the meaning of the parameters in -this line. - -If you prefer, you can also request that LaTeX fragments are -processed into small images that will be inserted into the browser -page. Before the availability of MathJax, this was the default method -for Org files. This method requires that the {{{file(dvipng)}}} -program is available on your system. You can still get this processing -with the following option: - -#+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: LaTeX:dvipng -#+end_example - -*** Text areas in HTML export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: An alternate way to show an example - :END: -#+cindex: text areas, in HTML - -An alternative way to publish literal code examples in HTML is to use -text areas, where the example can even be edited before pasting it -into an application. It is triggered by a ~-t~ switch at an ~example~ -or ~src~ block. Using this switch disables any options for syntax and -label highlighting, and line numbering, which may be present. You may -also use ~-h~ and ~-w~ switches to specify the height and width of the -text area, which default to the number of lines in the example, and -80, respectively. For example - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE -t -w 40 - (defun org-xor (a b) - "Exclusive or." - (if a (not b) b)) - ,#+END_EXAMPLE -#+end_example - -*** CSS support - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Changing the appearance of the output - :END: -#+cindex: CSS, for HTML export -#+cindex: HTML export, CSS -#+vindex: org-export-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix -#+vindex: org-export-html-tag-class-prefix - -You can also give style information for the exported file. The HTML -exporter assigns the following special CSS classes to appropriate -parts of the document---your style specifications may change these, in -addition to any of the standard classes like for headlines, tables, -etc.[fn:122] - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code -- p.author :: author information, including email -- p.date :: publishing date -- p.creator :: creator info, about org mode version -- .title :: document title -- .todo :: TODO keywords, all not-done states -- .done :: the DONE keywords, all states that count as done -- .WAITING :: each TODO keyword also uses a class named after itself -- .timestamp :: timestamp -- .timestamp-kwd :: keyword associated with a timestamp, like SCHEDULED -- .timestamp-wrapper :: span around keyword plus timestamp -- .tag :: tag in a headline -- ._HOME :: each tag uses itself as a class, "@" replaced by "_" -- .target :: target for links -- .linenr :: the line number in a code example -- .code-highlighted :: for highlighting referenced code lines -- div.outline-N :: div for outline level N (headline plus text)) -- div.outline-text-N :: extra div for text at outline level N -- .section-number-N :: section number in headlines, different for each level -- div.figure :: how to format an inlined image -- pre.src :: formatted source code -- pre.example :: normal example -- p.verse :: verse paragraph -- div.footnotes :: footnote section headline -- p.footnote :: footnote definition paragraph, containing a footnote -- .footref :: a footnote reference number (always a <sup>) -- .footnum :: footnote number in footnote definition (always <sup>) - - -#+vindex: org-export-html-style-default -#+vindex: org-export-html-style-include-default -#+vindex: org-export-html-style -#+vindex: org-export-html-extra -#+vindex: org-export-html-style-default - -Each exported file contains a compact default style that defines these -classes in a basic way.[fn:123] You may overwrite these -settings, or add to them by using the variables ~org-export-html-style~ -(for Org-wide settings) and ~org-export-html-style-extra~ (for more -fine-grained settings, like file-local settings). To set the latter variable -individually for each file, you can use a ~#+STYLE:~ line: - -#+cindex: #+STYLE -#+begin_example - ,#+STYLE: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /> -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} For longer style definitions, you can use several such -lines. You could also directly write a ~<style>~ ~</style>~ section in -this way, without referring to an external file. - -In order to add styles to a subtree, use the ~:HTML_CONTAINER_CLASS:~ -property to assign a class to the tree. In order to specify CSS styles -for a particular headline, you can use the id specified in a -~:CUSTOM_ID:~ property. - -# FIXME: More about header and footer styles -# FIXME: Talk about links and targets. - -*** JavaScript support - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Info and folding in a web browser - :END: -#+cindex: Rose, Sebastian - -Sebastian Rose has written a JavaScript program especially designed to -enhance the web viewing experience of HTML files created with Org. This -program allows you to view large files in two different ways. The first one -is an /Info/-like mode where each section is displayed separately and -navigation can be done with the {{{kbd(n)}}} and {{{kbd(p)}}} keys (and some other keys -as well, press {{{kbd(?)}}} for an overview of the available keys). The second -view type is a /folding/ view much like Org provides inside Emacs. The -script is available at [[http://orgmode.org/org-info.js]] and you can find -the documentation for it at [[http://orgmode.org/worg/code/org-info-js/]]. -We host the script at our site, but if you use it a lot, you might -not want to be dependent on ~orgmode.org~ and prefer to install a local -copy on your own web server. - -To use the script, you need to make sure that the -{{{file(org-jsinfo.el)}}} module gets loaded. It should be loaded by -default, but you can try {{{ksksksk(M-x customize-variable,RET,org-modules,RET)}}} -to convince yourself that this is indeed the case. All it then takes to make use of the program -is adding a single line to the Org file: - -#+cindex: #+INFOJS_OPT -#+begin_example - ,#+INFOJS_OPT: view:info toc:nil -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} If this line is found, the HTML header will -automatically contain the code needed to invoke the script. Using the -line above, you can set the following viewing options: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code -- path: :: - - The path to the script. The default is to grab the script from - [[http://orgmode.org/org-info.js]], but you might want to have - a local copy and use a path like {{{samp(../scripts/org-info.js)}}}. - -- view: :: - - Initial view when the website is first shown. Possible values are: - - - info :: Info-like interface with one section per page. - - overview :: Folding interface, initially showing only top-level. - - content :: Folding interface, starting with all headlines visible. - - showall :: Folding interface, all headlines and text visible. - -- sdepth: :: - - Maximum headline level that will still become an independent section - for info and folding modes. The default is taken from - ~org-export-headline-levels~ (= the ~H~ switch in ~#+OPTIONS~). If - this is smaller than in ~org-export-headline-levels~, each - info/folding section can still contain child headlines. - -- toc: :: - - Should the table of contents /initially/ be visible? Even when ~nil~, - you can always get to the "toc" with {{{kbd(i)}}}. - -- tdepth: :: - - The depth of the table of contents. The defaults are taken from the - variables ~org-export-headline-levels~ and ~org-export-with-toc~. - -- ftoc: :: - - Does the CSS of the page specify a fixed position for the "toc"? If - yes, the toc will never be displayed as a section. - -- ltoc: :: - - Should there be short contents (children) in each section? Make this - ~above~ if the section should be above initial text. - -- mouse: :: - - Headings are highlighted when the mouse is over them. Should be - {{{samp(underline)}}} (default) or a background color like - {{{samp(#cccccc)}}}. - -- buttons: :: - - Should view-toggle buttons be everywhere? When ~nil~ (the default), - only one such button will be present. - - -#+vindex: org-infojs-options -#+vindex: org-export-html-use-infojs - -{{{noindent}}} You can choose default values for these options by -customizing the variable ~org-infojs-options~. If you always want to -apply the script to your pages, configure the variable -~org-export-html-use-infojs~. - -** LaTeX and PDF export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to LaTeX and processing to PDF - :END: -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} export -#+cindex: PDF export -#+cindex: Guerry, Bastien - -Org mode contains a LaTeX exporter written by Bastien Guerry. With -further processing, this backend is also used to produce PDF -output.[fn:124] Since the LaTeX output uses {{{file(hyperref)}}} to -implement links and cross references, the PDF output file will be -fully linked. Beware of the fact that your ~org~ file has to be -properly structured in order to be correctly exported: respect the -hierarchy of sections. - -*** LaTeX/PDF export commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Invoking export to LaTeX/PDF - :END: -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient-mark-mode - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e l)}}}, ~org-export-as-latex~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e l - #+cindex: property EXPORT_FILE_NAME - - Export as a LaTeX file. For an Org file {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, the - LaTeX file will be {{{file(myfile.tex)}}}. The file will be - overwritten without warning. If there is an active region, only the - active region will be exported.[fn:125] If the selected region is a - single tree, the tree head will become the document title.[fn:126] If - the tree head entry has or inherits an ~EXPORT_FILE_NAME~ property, - that name will be used for the export. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e L)}}}, ~org-export-as-latex-to-buffer~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e L - - Export to a temporary buffer. Do not create a file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e v l/L)}}} :: - - Export only the visible part of the document. - -- {{{kbd(M-x org-export-region-as-latex)}}} :: - - Convert the region to LaTeX under the assumption that it was in Org - mode syntax before. This is a global command that can be invoked in - any buffer. - -- {{{kbd(M-x org-replace-region-by-latex)}}} :: - - Replace the active region (assumed to be in Org mode syntax) by - LaTeX code. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e p)}}}, ~org-export-as-pdf~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e p - - Export as LaTeX and then process to PDF. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e d)}}}, ~org-export-as-pdf-and-open~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e d - - Export as LaTeX and then process to PDF, then open the resulting - PDF file. - - -#+cindex: headline levels, for exporting -#+vindex: org-latex-low-levels - -In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become -headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels -will be exported as description lists. The exporter can ignore them or -convert them to a custom string depending on ~org-latex-low-levels~. - -If you want that transition to occur at a different level, specify it -with a numeric prefix argument, e.g.: - -#+begin_example - C-2 C-c C-e l -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} The example setting creates two levels of headings and -exports the rest as list items. - -*** Header and sectioning - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Setting up the export file structure - :TITLE: Header and sectioning structure - :END: -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} class -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} sectioning structure -#+cindex: @LaTeX{} header -#+cindex: header, for @LaTeX{} files -#+cindex: sectioning structure, for @LaTeX{} export - -By default, the LaTeX output uses the class ~article~. - -#+vindex: org-export-latex-default-class -#+vindex: org-export-latex-classes -#+vindex: org-export-latex-default-packages-alist -#+vindex: org-export-latex-packages-alist -#+cindex: #+LaTeX_HEADER -#+cindex: #+LaTeX_CLASS -#+cindex: #+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS -#+cindex: property, LaTeX_CLASS -#+cindex: property, LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS - -You can change this globally by setting a different value for -~org-export-latex-default-class~ or locally by adding an option like -~#+LaTeX_CLASS: myclass~ in your file, or with a ~:LaTeX_CLASS:~ -property that applies when exporting a region containing only this -(sub)tree. The class must be listed in ~org-export-latex-classes~. -This variable defines a header template for each class, and allows you -to define the sectioning structure for each class.[fn:127] You can -also define your own classes there. ~#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS~ or a -~:LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS:~ property can specify the options for the -~\documentclass~ macro. The options to documentclass have to be -provided, as expected by LaTeX, within square brackets. You can -also use ~#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{xyz}~ to add lines to the -header. See the docstring of ~org-export-latex-classes~ for more -information. An example is shown below. - -#+begin_example - ,#+LaTeX_CLASS: article - ,#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [a4paper] - ,#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{xyz} - - ,* Headline 1 - some text -#+end_example - -*** Quoting LaTeX code - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Incorporating literal LaTeX code - :END: - -Embedded LaTeX as described in [[Embedded LaTeX]], will be correctly -inserted into the LaTeX file. This includes simple macros like -~\ref{LABEL}~ to create a cross reference to a figure. Furthermore, -you can add special code that should only be present in LaTeX export -with the following constructs: - -#+cindex: #+LaTeX -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_LaTeX -#+begin_example - ,#+LaTeX: Literal LaTeX code for export -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} or - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_LaTeX - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN_LaTeX - All lines between these markers are exported literally - ,#+END_LaTeX -#+end_example - -*** Tables in LaTeX export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Options for exporting tables to LaTeX - :END: -#+cindex: tables, in @LaTeX{} export - -For LaTeX export of a table, you can specify a label, a caption and -placement options (see [[Images and tables]]). You can also use the -~ATTR_LaTeX~ line to request a ~longtable~ environment for the -table, so that it may span several pages, or to change the default table -environment from ~table~ to ~table*~ or to change the default inner -tabular environment to ~tabularx~ or ~tabulary~. Finally, you can -set the alignment string, and (with ~tabularx~ or ~tabulary~) the -width: - -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+LABEL -#+cindex: #+ATTR_LaTeX -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: A long table - ,#+LABEL: tbl:long - ,#+ATTR_LaTeX: longtable align=l|lp@{3cm@}r|l - | ..... | ..... | - | ..... | ..... | -#+end_example - -or to specify a multicolumn table with ~tabulary~: - -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+LABEL -#+cindex: #+ATTR_LaTeX -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: A wide table with tabulary - ,#+LABEL: tbl:wide - ,#+ATTR_LaTeX: table* tabulary width=\textwidth - | ..... | ..... | - | ..... | ..... | -#+end_example - -*** Images in LaTeX export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to insert figures into LaTeX output - :END: -#+cindex: images, inline in LaTeX -#+cindex: inlining images in LaTeX - -Images that are linked to without a description part in the link, like -~[[file:img.jpg]]~ or ~[[./img.jpg]]~ will be inserted into the PDF -output file resulting from LaTeX processing. Org will use an -~\includegraphics~ macro to insert the image. If you have specified -a caption and/or a label as described in [[Images and tables]], the -figure will be wrapped into a ~figure~ environment and thus become -a floating element. You can use an ~#+ATTR_LaTeX:~ line to specify -various other options. You can ask org to export an image as a float -without specifying a label or a caption by using the keyword ~float~ -in this line. Various optional arguments to the ~\includegraphics~ -macro can also be specified in this fashion. To modify the placement -option of the floating environment, add something like -{{{samp(placement=[h!])}}} to the attributes. It is to be noted this -option can be used with tables as well.[fn:128] - -If you would like to let text flow around the image, add the word -{{{samp(wrap)}}} to the ~#+ATTR_LaTeX:~ line, which will make the -figure occupy the left half of the page. To fine-tune, the ~placement~ -field will be the set of additional arguments needed by the -~wrapfigure~ environment. Note that if you change the size of the -image, you need to use compatible settings for ~\includegraphics~ and -~wrapfigure~. - -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+LABEL -#+cindex: #+ATTR_LaTeX -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: The black-body emission of the disk around HR 4049 - ,#+LABEL: fig:SED-HR4049 - ,#+ATTR_LaTeX: width=5cm,angle=90 - [[./img/sed-hr4049.pdf]] - - ,#+ATTR_LaTeX: width=0.38\textwidth wrap placement=@{r@}@{0.4\textwidth@} - [[./img/hst.png]] -#+end_example - -If you wish to include an image which spans multiple columns in a page, you -can use the keyword ~multicolumn~ in the ~#+ATTR_LaTeX~ line. This -will export the image wrapped in a ~figure*~ environment. - -If you need references to a label created in this way, write -~\ref{fig:SED-HR4049}~ just like in LaTeX. - -*** Beamer class export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Turning the file into a presentation - :END: - -The LaTeX class {{{file(beamer)}}} allows production of high -quality presentations using LaTeX and pdf processing. Org mode has -special support for turning an Org mode file or tree into a -{{{file(beamer)}}} presentation. - -When the LaTeX class for the current buffer (as set with ~#+LaTeX_CLASS: -beamer~) or subtree (set with a ~LaTeX_CLASS~ property) is -~beamer~, a special export mode will turn the file or tree into a beamer -presentation. Any tree with not-too-deep level nesting should in principle be -exportable as a beamer presentation. By default, the top-level entries (or -the first level below the selected subtree heading) will be turned into -frames, and the outline structure below this level will become itemize lists. -You can also configure the variable ~org-beamer-frame-level~ to a -different level---then the hierarchy above frames will produce the sectioning -structure of the presentation. - -A template for useful in-buffer settings or properties can be inserted -into the buffer with -{{{kbd(M-x org-insert-beamer-options-template)}}}. Among other things, this will -install a column view format which is very handy for editing special -properties used by beamer. - -You can influence the structure of the presentation using the following -properties: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~BEAMER_env~ :: - - The environment that should be used to format this entry. Valid - environments are defined in the constant - ~org-beamer-environments-default~, and you can define more in - ~org-beamer-environments-extra~. If this property is set, the entry - will also get a ~:B_environment:~ tag to make this visible. This tag - has no semantic meaning, it is only a visual aid. - -- ~BEAMER_envargs~ :: - - The beamer-special arguments that should be used for the environment, - like ~[t]~ or ~[<+->]~ of ~<2-3>~. If the ~BEAMER_col~ property is - also set, something like ~C[t]~ can be added here as well to set an - options argument for the implied ~columns~ environment. ~c[t]~ or - ~c<2->~ will set an options for the implied ~column~ environment. - -- ~BEAMER_col~ :: - - The width of a column that should start with this entry. If this - property is set, the entry will also get a ~:BMCOL:~ property to make - this visible. Also this tag is only a visual aid. When this is a plain - number, it will be interpreted as a fraction of ~\textwidth~. - Otherwise it will be assumed that you have specified the units, like - {{{samp(3cm)}}}. The first such property in a frame will start a - ~columns~ environment to surround the columns. This environment is - closed when an entry has a ~BEAMER_col~ property with value 0 or 1, or - automatically at the end of the frame. - -- ~BEAMER_extra~ :: - - Additional commands that should be inserted after the environment has - been opened. For example, when creating a frame, this can be used to - specify transitions. - - -Frames will automatically receive a ~fragile~ option if they contain -source code that uses the verbatim environment. Special {{{file(beamer)}}} -specific code can be inserted using ~#+BEAMER:~ and -~#+BEGIN_BEAMER~ ... ~#+END_BEAMER~ constructs, similar to other export -backends, but with the difference that ~#+LaTeX:~ stuff will be included -in the presentation as well. - -Outline nodes with ~BEAMER_env~ property value {{{samp(note)}}} or -{{{samp(noteNH)}}} will be formatted as beamer notes, i,e, they will be wrapped -into ~\note{...}~. The former will include the heading as part of the -note text, the latter will ignore the heading of that node. To simplify note -generation, it is actually enough to mark the note with a /tag/ (either -~:B_note:~ or ~:B_noteNH:~) instead of creating the -~BEAMER_env~ property. - -You can turn on a special minor mode ~org-beamer-mode~ for editing -support with the following line: - -#+begin_example - ,#+STARTUP: beamer -#+end_example - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-b)}}}, ~org-beamer-select-environment~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-b - - In ~org-beamer-mode~, this key offers fast selection of a beamer - environment or the ~BEAMER_col~ property. - - -Column view provides a great way to set the environment of a node and -other important parameters. Make sure you are using a COLUMN format -that is geared toward this special purpose. The command -{{{kbd(M-x org-insert-beamer-options-template)}}} defines such a format. - -Here is a simple example Org document that is intended for beamer export. - -#+begin_example - ,#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer - ,#+TITLE: Example Presentation - ,#+AUTHOR: Carsten Dominik - ,#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation] - ,#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 2 - ,#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme@{Madrid@}\usecolortheme@{default@} - ,#+COLUMNS: %35ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Ex) - - ,* This is the first structural section - - ,** Frame 1 \\ with a subtitle - ,*** Thanks to Eric Fraga :BMCOL:B_block: - :PROPERTIES: - :BEAMER_env: block - :BEAMER_envargs: C[t] - :BEAMER_col: 0.5 - :END: - for the first viable beamer setup in Org - ,*** Thanks to everyone else :BMCOL:B_block: - :PROPERTIES: - :BEAMER_col: 0.5 - :BEAMER_env: block - :BEAMER_envargs: <2-> - :END: - for contributing to the discussion - ,**** This will be formatted as a beamer note :B_note: - ,** Frame 2 \\ where we will not use columns - ,*** Request :B_block: - Please test this stuff! - :PROPERTIES: - :BEAMER_env: block - :END: -#+end_example - -For more information, see the documentation on Worg. - -** DocBook export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to DocBook - :END: -#+cindex: DocBook export -#+cindex: PDF export -#+cindex: Cui, Baoqiu - -Org contains a DocBook exporter written by Baoqiu Cui. Once an Org file is -exported to DocBook format, it can be further processed to produce other -formats, including PDF, HTML, man pages, etc., using many available DocBook -tools and stylesheets. - -Currently DocBook exporter only supports DocBook V5.0. - -*** DocBook export commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to invoke DocBook export - :END: -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient-mark-mode - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e D)}}}, ~org-export-as-docbook~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e D - #+cindex: property EXPORT_FILE_NAME - - Export as a DocBook file. For an Org file, {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, the - DocBook XML file will be {{{file(myfile.xml)}}}. The file will be - overwritten without warning. If there is an active region, only the - region will be exported.[fn:129] If the selected region is a single - tree, the tree head will become the document title.[fn:130] If the - tree head entry has, or inherits, an ~EXPORT_FILE_NAME~ property, that - name will be used for the export. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e V)}}}, ~org-export-as-docbook-pdf-and-open~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e V - - Export as a DocBook file, process to PDF, then open the resulting PDF - file. - - #+vindex: org-export-docbook-xslt-proc-command - #+vindex: org-export-docbook-xsl-fo-proc-command - - Note that, in order to produce PDF output based on an exported DocBook - file, you need to have XSLT processor and XSL-FO processor software - installed on your system. Check variables - ~org-export-docbook-xslt-proc-command~ and - ~org-export-docbook-xsl-fo-proc-command~. - - #+vindex: org-export-docbook-xslt-stylesheet - - The stylesheet argument ~%s~ in variable - ~org-export-docbook-xslt-proc-command~ is replaced by the value of - variable ~org-export-docbook-xslt-stylesheet~, which needs to be set by - the user. You can also overrule this global setting on a per-file basis by - adding an in-buffer setting ~#+XSLT:~ to the Org file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e v D)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e v D - - Export only the visible part of the document. - -*** Quoting DocBook code - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Incorporating DocBook code in Org files - :END: -You can quote DocBook code in Org files and copy it verbatim into exported -DocBook file with the following constructs: - -#+cindex: #+DOCBOOK -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_DOCBOOK -#+begin_example - ,#+DOCBOOK: Literal DocBook code for export -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} or -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_DOCBOOK - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN_DOCBOOK - All lines between these markers are exported by DocBook exporter - literally. - ,#+END_DOCBOOK -#+end_example - -For example, you can use the following lines to include a DocBook warning -admonition. As to what this warning says, you should pay attention to the -document context when quoting DocBook code in Org files. You may make -exported DocBook XML files invalid by not quoting DocBook code correctly. - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN_DOCBOOK - <warning> - <para>You should know what you are doing when quoting DocBook XML code - in your Org file. Invalid DocBook XML may be generated by - DocBook exporter if you are not careful!</para> - </warning> - ,#+END_DOCBOOK -#+end_example - -*** Recursive sections - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Recursive sections in DocBook - :END: -#+cindex: DocBook recursive sections - -DocBook exporter exports Org files as articles using the ~article~ -element in DocBook. Recursive sections, i.e., ~section~ elements, are -used in exported articles. Top level headlines in Org files are -exported as top level sections, and lower level headlines are exported -as nested sections. The entire structure of Org files will be exported -completely, no matter how many nested levels of headlines there are. - -Using recursive sections makes it easy to port and reuse exported -DocBook code in other DocBook document types like ~book~ or ~set~. - -*** Tables in DocBook export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tables are exported as HTML tables - :END: -#+cindex: tables, in DocBook export - -Tables in Org files are exported as HTML tables, which have been -supported since DocBook V4.3. - -If a table does not have a caption, an informal table is generated -using the ~informaltable~ element; otherwise, a formal table will be -generated using the ~table~ element. - -*** Images in DocBook export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to insert figures into DocBook output - :END: -#+cindex: images, inline in DocBook -#+cindex: inlining images in DocBook - -Images that are linked to without a description part in the link, like -~[[file:img.jpg]]~ or ~[[./img.jpg]]~, will be exported to -DocBook using ~mediaobject~ elements. Each ~mediaobject~ element -contains an ~imageobject~ that wraps an ~imagedata~ element. If you -have specified a caption for an image as described in [[Images and -tables]], a ~caption~ element will be added in ~mediaobject~. If a label -is also specified, it will be exported as an ~xml:id~ attribute of the -~mediaobject~ element. - -#+vindex: org-export-docbook-default-image-attributes - -Image attributes supported by the ~imagedata~ element, like ~align~ or -~width~, can be specified in two ways: you can either customize -variable ~org-export-docbook-default-image-attributes~ or use the -~#+ATTR_DOCBOOK:~ line. Attributes specified in variable -~org-export-docbook-default-image-attributes~ are applied to all -inline images in the Org file to be exported (unless they are -overridden by image attributes specified in ~#+ATTR_DOCBOOK:~ lines). - -The ~#+ATTR_DOCBOOK:~ line can be used to specify additional image -attributes or override default image attributes for individual images. -If the same attribute appears in both the ~#+ATTR_DOCBOOK:~ line and -variable ~org-export-docbook-default-image-attributes~, the former -takes precedence. Here is an example about how image attributes can be -set: - -#+cindex: #+CAPTION -#+cindex: #+LABEL -#+cindex: #+ATTR_DOCBOOK -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: The logo of Org mode - ,#+LABEL: unicorn-svg - ,#+ATTR_DOCBOOK: scalefit="1" width="100%" depth="100%" - [[./img/org-mode-unicorn.svg]] -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-export-docbook-inline-image-extensions - -By default, DocBook exporter recognizes the following image file -types: {{{file(jpeg)}}}, {{{file(jpg)}}}, {{{file(png)}}}, -{{{file(gif)}}}, and {{{file(svg)}}}. You can customize variable -~org-export-docbook-inline-image-extensions~ to add more types to this -list as long as DocBook supports them. - -*** Special characters - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to handle special characters - :TITLE: Special characters in DocBook export - :END: -#+vindex: org-export-docbook-doctype -#+vindex: org-entities - -Special characters that are written in TeX-like syntax, such as -~\alpha~, ~\Gamma~, and ~\Zeta~, are supported by DocBook exporter. -These characters are rewritten to XML entities, like ~α~, -~Γ~, and ~Ζ~, based on the list saved in variable -~org-entities~. As long as the generated DocBook file includes the -corresponding entities, these special characters are recognized. - -You can customize variable ~org-export-docbook-doctype~ to include the -entities you need. For example, you can set variable -~org-export-docbook-doctype~ to the following value to recognize all -special characters included in XHTML entities: - -#+begin_example - "<!DOCTYPE article [ - <!ENTITY % xhtml1-symbol PUBLIC - \"-//W3C//ENTITIES Symbol for HTML//EN//XML\" - \"http://www.w3.org/2003/entities/2007/xhtml1-symbol.ent\" - > - %xhtml1-symbol; - ]> - " -#+end_example - -** OpenDocument Text export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to OpenDocument Text - :END: -#+cindex: K, Jambunathan -#+cindex: ODT -#+cindex: OpenDocument -#+cindex: export, OpenDocument -#+cindex: LibreOffice -#+cindex: org-odt.el -#+cindex: org-modules - -Org Mode supports export to OpenDocument Text (ODT) format using the -{{{file(org-odt.el)}}} module.[fn:131] Documents created by this -exporter use the {{{cite(OpenDocument-v1.2 specification)}}} and -are compatible with LibreOffice 3.4.[fn:132] - -*** Pre-requisites for ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What packages ODT exporter relies on - :END: -#+cindex: zip - -The ODT exporter relies on the {{{file(zip)}}} program to create the -final output. Check the availability of this program before proceeding -further. - -*** ODT export commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to invoke ODT export - :ALT_TITLE: Exporting to ODT - :END: -<<x-export-to-odt>> - -#+cindex: region, active -#+cindex: active region -#+cindex: transient-mark-mode - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e o)}}}, ~org-export-as-odt~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e o - #+cindex: property EXPORT_FILE_NAME - - Export as OpenDocument Text file. - - #+vindex: org-export-odt-preferred-output-format - - If ~org-export-odt-preferred-output-format~ is specified, - automatically convert the exported file to that format. See - [[Automatically exporting to other formats]]. - - For an Org file {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, the ODT file will be - {{{file(myfile.odt)}}}. The file will be overwritten without warning. - If there is an active region, only the region will be - exported.[fn:133] If the selected region is a single tree, the tree - head will become the document title.[fn:134] If the tree head entry - has, or inherits, an ~EXPORT_FILE_NAME~ property, that name will be - used for the export. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e O)}}}, ~org-export-as-odt-and-open~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e O - - Export as an OpenDocument Text file and open the resulting file. - - #+vindex: org-export-odt-preferred-output-format - - If ~org-export-odt-preferred-output-format~ is specified, open the - converted file instead. See [[x-export-to-other-formats][Automatically exporting to other formats]]. - -*** Extending ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to produce ~doc~, ~pdf~ files - :END: - -The ODT exporter can interface with a variety of document converters -and supports popular converters out of the box. As a result, you can -use it to export to formats like {{{samp(doc)}}} or convert a document -from one format (say {{{samp(csv)}}}) to another format (say -{{{samp(ods)}}} or {{{samp(xls)}}}). - -#+cindex: @file{unoconv} -#+cindex: LibreOffice - -If you have a working installation of LibreOffice, a document -converter is pre-configured for you and you can use it right away. If -you would like to use {{{file(unoconv)}}} as your preferred converter, -customize the variable ~org-export-odt-convert-process~ to point to -~unoconv~. You can also use your own favorite converter or tweak the -default settings of the {{{file(LibreOffice)}}} and -{{{samp(unoconv)}}} converters. See [[Configuring a document converter]]. - -**** Automatically exporting to other formats - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Automatic conversion to doc, docx, etc. - :END: -<<x-export-to-other-formats>> - -#+vindex: org-export-odt-preferred-output-format - -Very often, you will find yourself exporting to ODT format, only to -immediately save the exported document to other formats like -{{{samp(doc)}}}, {{{samp(docx)}}}, {{{samp(rtf)}}}, {{{samp(pdf)}}} -etc. In such cases, you can specify your preferred output format by -customizing the variable ~org-export-odt-preferred-output-format~. -This way, the export commands (see [[x-export-to-odt][Exporting to ODT]]) -can be extended to export to a format that is of immediate interest to -you. - -**** Converting between document formats - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Interacting with configured converters - :END: -# <<x-convert-to-other-formats>> - -There are many document converters in the wild that support -conversion to and from various file formats, including, but not -limited to the ODT format. LibreOffice converter, mentioned above, is -one such converter. Once a converter is configured, you can interact -with it using the following command. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(M-x org-export-odt-convert)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert - - Convert an existing document from one format to another. With a prefix - argument, also open the newly produced file. - -*** Applying custom styles - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to apply custom styles to the output - :END: -#+cindex: styles, custom -#+cindex: template, custom - -The ODT exporter ships with a set of OpenDocument styles -(see [[Working with OpenDocument style files]]) that ensure a well-formatted output. -These factory styles, however, may not cater to your specific tastes. -To customize the output, you can either modify the above styles files -directly, or generate the required styles using an application like -LibreOffice. The latter method is suitable for expert and non-expert -users alike, and is described here. - -Custom styles can be applied in three easy steps: - -1. Create a sample {{{file(example.org)}}} file with the below - settings and export it to ODT format. - - #+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: H:10 num:t - #+end_example - -2. Open the above {{{file(example.odt)}}} using LibreOffice. Use the - {{{file(Stylist)}}} to locate the target styles---these typically - have the {{{samp(Org)}}} prefix---and modify those to your taste. - Save the modified file either as an OpenDocument Text - ({{{file(.odt)}}}) or OpenDocument Template ({{{file(.ott)}}}) - file. - -3. Customize the variable ~org-export-odt-styles-file~ and point it to - the newly created file. For additional configuration options see - [[x-overriding-factory-styles][Overriding factory styles]]. - - #+cindex: #+ODT_STYLES_FILE - #+vindex: org-export-odt-styles-file - - If you would like to choose a style on a per-file basis, you can use - the ~#+ODT_STYLES_FILE~ option. A typical setting will look like - one of these two examples: - - #+begin_example - ,#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: "/path/to/example.ott" - #+end_example - - or - - #+begin_example - ,#+ODT_STYLES_FILE: ("/path/to/file.ott" ("styles.xml" "image/hdr.png")) - #+end_example - -Although you can use third-party styles and templates for customizing -your output, this will produce the desired output only if the template -provides all style names that the {{{samp(ODT)}}} exporter relies -upon. Unless this condition is met, the output is going to be less -than satisfactory. It is highly recommended that you only work with -templates that are directly derived from the factory settings. - -*** Links in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How links will be interpreted and formatted - :END: -#+cindex: tables, in DocBook export - -ODT exporter creates native cross-references for internal links. It -creates Internet-style links for all other links. - -A link with no description and destined to a regular (un-itemized) -outline heading is replaced with a cross-reference and section number -of the heading. - -A ~\ref{label}~-style reference to an image, table etc. is replaced -with a cross-reference and sequence number of the labeled entity. See -[[Labels and captions in ODT export]]. - -*** Tables in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How tables are exported - :END: - -#+cindex: tables, in DocBook export - -Export of native Org mode tables (see [[Tables]]) and simple -{{{file(table.el)}}} tables is supported. However, export of complex -{{{file(table.el)}}} tables---tables that have column or row -spans---is not supported. Such tables are stripped from the exported -document. - -By default, a table is exported with top and bottom frames and with -rules separating row and column groups (see [[Column groups]]). -Furthermore, all tables are typeset to occupy the same width. If the -table specifies alignment and relative width for its columns (see -[[Column width and alignment]]) then these are honored on export.[fn:135] - -#+cindex: #+ATTR_ODT - -You can control the width of the table by specifying ~:rel-width~ -property using an ~#+ATTR_ODT~ line. - -For example, consider the following table which makes use of all the -rules mentioned above. - -#+begin_example - #+ATTR_ODT: :rel-width 50 - | Area/Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Sum | - |---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------| - | / | < | | | < | - | <l13> | <r5> | <r5> | <r5> | <r6> | - | North America | 1 | 21 | 926 | 948 | - | Middle East | 6 | 75 | 844 | 925 | - | Asia Pacific | 9 | 27 | 790 | 826 | - |---------------+-------+-------+-------+-------| - | Sum | 16 | 123 | 2560 | 2699 | -#+end_example - -On export, the table will occupy 50% of text area. The columns will be -sized (roughly) in the ratio of 13:5:5:5:6. The first column will be -left-aligned and rest of the columns will be right-aligned. There will -be vertical rules after separating the header and last columns from -other columns. There will be horizontal rules separating the header -and last rows from other rows. - -If you are not satisfied with the above formatting options, you can -create custom table styles and associate them with a table using the -~#+ATTR_ODT~ line. See [[Customizing tables in ODT export]]. - -*** Images in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to insert images - :END: -#+cindex: images, embedding in ODT -#+cindex: embedding images in ODT - -You can embed images within the exported document by providing a link to the -desired image file with no link description. For example, to embed -{{{samp(img.png)}}} do either of the following: - -#+begin_example - [[file:img.png]] -#+end_example - -#+begin_example - [[./img.png]] -#+end_example - -You can create clickable images by providing a link whose description -is a link to an image file. For example, to embed an image -{{{file(org-mode-unicorn.png)}}}, which when clicked jumps to -[[http://Orgmode.org]] website, do the following: - -#+begin_example - [[http://orgmode.org][./org-mode-unicorn.png]] -#+end_example - -#+cindex: #+ATTR_ODT - -You can control the size and scale of the embedded images using the -~#+ATTR_ODT~ attribute. - -#+cindex: identify, ImageMagick -#+vindex: org-export-odt-pixels-per-inch - -The exporter specifies the desired size of the image in the final -document in units of centimeters. In order to scale the embedded -images, the exporter queries for pixel dimensions of the images using -either ImageMagick's {{{file(identify)}}} program, or Emacs' -`create-image' and `image-size' APIs.[fn:136] The pixel dimensions are -subsequently converted to centimeters using -~org-export-odt-pixels-per-inch~. The default value of this variable -is set to ~display-pixels-per-inch~. You can tweak this variable to -achieve the best results. - -The examples below illustrate the various possibilities. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Explicitly size the image :: - - To embed {{{file(img.png)}}} as a 10 cm x 10 cm image, do the - following: - - #+begin_example - #+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 :height 10 - [[./img.png]] - #+end_example - -- Scale the image :: - - To embed {{{file(img.png)}}} at half its size, do the following: - - #+begin_example - #+ATTR_ODT: :scale 0.5 - [[./img.png]] - #+end_example - -- Scale the image to a specific width :: - - To embed {{{file(img.png)}}} with a width of 10 cm while retaining the - original height:width ratio, do the following: - - #+begin_example - #+ATTR_ODT: :width 10 - [[./img.png]] - #+end_example - -- Scale the image to a specific height :: - - To embed {{{file(img.png)}}} with a height of 10 cm while retaining - the original height:width ratio, do the following: - - #+begin_example - #+ATTR_ODT: :height 10 - [[./img.png]] - #+end_example - -#+cindex: #+ATTR_ODT - -You can control the manner in which an image is anchored by setting -the ~:anchor~ property of it's ~#+ATTR_ODT~ line. You can specify one -of the the following three values for the ~:anchor~ property - -{{{samp("as-char")}}}, {{{samp("paragraph")}}} and {{{samp("page")}}}. - -To create an image that is anchored to a page, do the following: - -#+begin_example - #+ATTR_ODT: :anchor "page" - [[./img.png]] -#+end_example - -*** Math formatting in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How LaTeX fragments are formatted - :END: - -The ODT exporter has special support for handling math. - -**** Working with LaTeX math snippets - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to embed LaTeX math fragments - :END: - -LaTeX math snippets (see [[LaTeX fragments]]) can be embedded in the ODT -document in one of the following ways: - -#+cindex: MathML -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- MathML :: - - This option is activated on a per-file basis with the following option: - - #+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: LaTeX:t - #+end_example - - With this option, LaTeX fragments are first converted into MathML - fragments using an external LaTeX-to-MathML converter program. The - resulting MathML fragments are then embedded as an OpenDocument Formula in - the exported document. - - #+vindex: org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command - #+vindex: org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file - - You can specify the LaTeX-to-MathML converter by customizing the variables - ~org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command~ and - ~org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file~. - - If you prefer to use {{{file(MathToWeb)}}} as your converter, you can - configure the above variables as shown below.[fn:137] - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-latex-to-mathml-convert-command - "java -jar %j -unicode -force -df %o %I" - org-latex-to-mathml-jar-file - "/path/to/mathtoweb.jar") - #+end_src - - You can use the following commands to quickly verify the reliability of - the LaTeX-to-MathML converter. - - - {{{kbd(M-x org-export-as-odf)}}} :: - - Convert a LaTeX math snippet to an OpenDocument formula - ({{{file(.odf)}}}) file. - - - {{{kbd(M-x org-export-as-odf-and-open)}}} :: - - Convert a LaTeX math snippet to an OpenDocument formula - ({{{file(.odf)}}}) file and open the formula file with the - system-registered application. - -- PNG images :: - #+cindex: dvipng - - This option is activated on a per-file basis with - - #+begin_example - ,#+OPTIONS: LaTeX:dvipng - #+end_example - - With this option, LaTeX fragments are processed into PNG images and - the resulting images are embedded in the exported document. This - method requires that the {{{file(dvipng)}}} program be available on - your system. - -**** Working with MathML or OpenDocument formula files - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to embed equations in native format - :END: - -For various reasons, you may find embedding LaTeX math snippets in -an ODT document less than reliable. In that case, you can embed a math -equation by linking to its MathML ({{{file(.mml)}}}) source or its -OpenDocument formula ({{{file(.odf)}}}) file as shown below: - -#+begin_example - [[./equation.mml]] -#+end_example - -or - -#+begin_example - [[./equation.odf]] -#+end_example - -*** Labels and captions in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How captions are rendered - :END: - -You can label and caption various category of objects---an inline -image, a table, a LaTeX fragment or a Math formula---using -~#+LABEL~ and ~#+CAPTION~ lines. See [[Images and tables]]. ODT exporter -enumerates each labeled or captioned object of a given category -separately. As a result, each such object is assigned a sequence -number based on order of its appearance in the Org file. - -In the exported document, a user-provided caption is augmented with -the category and sequence number. Consider the following inline image -in an Org file: - -#+begin_example - ,#+CAPTION: Bell curve - ,#+LABEL: fig:SED-HR4049 - [[./img/a.png]] -#+end_example - -It could be rendered as shown below in the exported document. - -#+begin_example - Figure 2: Bell curve -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-export-odt-category-strings - -You can modify the category component of the caption by customizing -the variable ~org-export-odt-category-strings~. For example, to tag -all embedded images with the string {{{samp(Illustration)}}} (instead -of the default {{{samp(Figure)}}}) use the following setting. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-export-odt-category-strings - '(("en" "Table" "Illustration" "Equation" "Equation"))) -#+end_src - -With this, previous image will be captioned as below in the exported -document. - -#+begin_example - Illustration 2: Bell curve -#+end_example - -*** Literal examples in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How source and example blocks are formatted - :END: - -Export of literal examples (see [[Literal examples]]) with full -fontification is supported. Internally, the exporter relies on -{{{file(htmlfontify.el)}}} to generate all style definitions needed -for a fancy listing.[fn:138] The auto-generated styles have -{{{samp(OrgSrc)}}} as prefix and inherit their color from the faces -used by Emacs ~font-lock~ library for the source language. - -#+vindex: org-export-odt-fontify-srcblocks - -If you prefer to use your own custom styles for fontification, you can -do so by customizing the variable -~org-export-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks~. - -#+vindex: org-export-odt-create-custom-styles-for-srcblocks - -You can turn off fontification of literal examples by customizing the -variable ~org-export-odt-fontify-srcblocks~. - -*** Advanced topics in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Read this if you are a power user - :END: - -If you rely heavily on ODT export, you may want to exploit the full -set of features that the exporter offers. This section describes -features that would be of interest to power users. - -**** Configuring a document converter - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to register a document converter - :END: -#+cindex: convert -#+cindex: doc, docx, rtf -#+cindex: converter - -The ODT exporter can work with popular converters with little or no -extra configuration from your side. See [[Extending ODT export]]. If you -are using a converter that is not supported by default or if you would -like to tweak the default converter settings, proceed as below. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Register the converter :: - - #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert-processes - - Name your converter and add it to the list of known converters by - customizing the variable ~org-export-odt-convert-processes~. Also - specify how the converter can be invoked via command-line to effect - the conversion. - -- Configure its capabilities :: - - #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert-capabilities - # <<x-odt-converter-capabilities>> - - Specify the set of formats the converter can handle by customizing the - variable ~org-export-odt-convert-capabilities~. Use the default value - for this variable as a guide for configuring your converter. As suggested by - the default setting, you can specify the full set of formats supported by the - converter and not limit yourself to specifying formats that are related to - just the OpenDocument Text format. - -- Choose the converter :: - - #+vindex: org-export-odt-convert-process - - Select the newly added converter as the preferred one by customizing the - variable ~org-export-odt-convert-process~. - -**** Working with OpenDocument style files - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Explore the internals - :END: -#+cindex: styles, custom -#+cindex: template, custom - -This section explores the internals of the ODT exporter and the means -by which it produces styled documents. Read this section if you are -interested in exploring the automatic and custom OpenDocument styles -used by the exporter. - -# <<x-factory-styles>> - -The ODT exporter relies on two files for generating its output. -These files are bundled with the distribution under the directory pointed to -by the variable ~org-odt-styles-dir~. The two files are: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{file(OrgOdtStyles.xml)}}} :: - <<x-orgodtstyles-xml>> - - This file contributes to the {{{file(styles.xml)}}} file of the final - {{{samp(ODT)}}} document. This file is modified to control outline - numbering based on user settings, and To add styles generated by - {{{file(htmlfontify.el)}}} for fontification of code blocks. - -- {{{file(OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml)}}} :: - <<x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml>> - - This file contributes to the {{{file(content.xml)}}} file of the final - {{{samp(ODT)}}} document. The contents of the Org outline are inserted - between the ~<office:text>~ and ~</office:text>~ - elements of this file. - - In addition to serving as a template file for the final - {{{file(content.xml)}}}, the file also contains automatic styles for - formatting of tables which are referenced by the exporter, and - ~<text:sequence-decl>~ ... ~</text:sequence-decl>~ - elements that control how various entities---tables, images, - equations, etc.---are numbered. - - -<<x-overriding-factory-styles>> - -The following two variables control the location from which the ODT -exporter picks up the custom styles and content template files. You -can customize these variables to override the factory styles used by -the exporter. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~org-export-odt-styles-file~ :: - <<x-org-export-odt-styles-file>> - - Use this variable to specify the {{{file(styles.xml)}}} that will be - used in the final output. You can specify one of the following values: - - - A {{{file(styles.xml)}}} file :: - - Use this file instead of the default {{{file(styles.xml)}}} - - - A {{{file(.odt)}}} or {{{file(.ott)}}} file :: - - Use the {{{file(styles.xml)}}} contained in the specified OpenDocument - Text or Template file. - - - A {{{file(.odt)}}} or {{{file(.ott)}}} file and a subset of files contained within them :: - - Use the {{{file(styles.xml)}}} contained in the specified OpenDocument - Text or Template file. Additionally extract the specified member files - and embed those within the final {{{samp(ODT)}}} document. - - Use this option if the {{{file(styles.xml)}}} file references - additional files like header and footer images. - - - ~nil~ :: - - Use the default {{{file(styles.xml)}}} - -- ~org-export-odt-content-template-file~ :: - <<x-org-export-odt-content-template-file>> - - Use this variable to specify the blank {{{file(content.xml)}}} that - will be used in the final output. - -**** Creating one-off styles - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to produce custom highlighting, etc. - :END: - -There are times when you would want one-off formatting in the exported -document. You can achieve this by embedding raw OpenDocument XML in -the Org file. The use of this feature is better illustrated with -couple of examples. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Embedding ODT tags as part of regular text :: - - You can include simple OpenDocument tags by prefixing them with - {{{samp(@)}}}. For example, to highlight a region of text do the - following: - - #+begin_example - @<text:span text:style-name="Highlight">This is a - highlighted text@</text:span>. But this is a - regular text. - #+end_example - - *Hint:* To see the above example in action, edit your - {{{file(styles.xml)}}} (see [[x-orgodtstyles-xml][Factory styles]]) and - add a custom {{{samp(Highlight)}}} style as shown below. - - #+begin_example - <style:style style:name="Highlight" style:family="text"> - <style:text-properties fo:background-color="#ff0000"/> - </style:style> - #+end_example - -- Embedding a one-line OpenDocument XML :: - - You can add a simple OpenDocument one-liner using the ~#+ODT:~ - directive. For example, to force a page break do the following: - - #+begin_example - #+ODT: <text:p text:style-name="PageBreak"/> - #+end_example - - *Hint:* To see the above example in action, edit your - {{{file(styles.xml)}}} (see [[x-orgodtstyles-xml][Factory styles]]) and - add a custom {{{samp(PageBreak)}}} style as shown below. - - #+begin_example - <style:style style:name="PageBreak" style:family="paragraph" - style:parent-style-name="Text_20_body"> - <style:paragraph-properties fo:break-before="page"/> - </style:style> - #+end_example - -- Embedding a block of OpenDocument XML :: - - You can add a large block of OpenDocument XML using the - ~#+BEGIN_ODT~ ... ~#+END_ODT~ construct. - - For example, to create a one-off paragraph that uses bold text, do the - following: - - #+begin_example - #+BEGIN_ODT - <text:p text:style-name="Text_20_body_20_bold"> - This paragraph is specially formatted and uses bold text. - </text:p> - #+END_ODT - #+end_example - -**** Customizing tables in ODT export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to define and use table templates - :END: -#+cindex: tables, in ODT export -#+cindex: #+ATTR_ODT - -You can override the default formatting of the table by specifying a -custom table style with the ~#+ATTR_ODT~ line. For a discussion on -default formatting of tables see [[Tables in ODT export]]. - -This feature closely mimics the way table templates are defined in the -OpenDocument-v1.2 specification.[fn:139] - -To have a quick preview of this feature, install the following setting and -export the example table. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-export-odt-table-styles - (append org-export-odt-table-styles - '(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom" - ((use-first-row-styles . t) - (use-first-column-styles . t))) - ("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom" - ((use-first-row-styles . t) - (use-last-row-styles . t)))))) -#+end_src - -#+begin_example - ,#+ATTR_ODT: :style "TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" - | Name | Phone | Age | - | Peter | 1234 | 17 | - | Anna | 4321 | 25 | -#+end_example - -In the above example, you used a template named {{{samp(Custom)}}} and -installed two table styles with the names -{{{samp(TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn)}}} and -{{{samp(TableWithFirstRowandLastRow)}}}. (*Important:* The -OpenDocument styles needed for producing the above template have been -pre-defined for you. These styles are available under the section -marked {{{samp(Custom Table Template)}}} in -{{{file(OrgOdtContentTemplate.xml)}}} (see -[[x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml][Factory styles]]). If you need additional -templates you have to define these styles yourself. - - -To use this feature proceed as follows: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Create a table template[fn:140] :: - - A table template is nothing but a set of {{{samp(table-cell)}}} and - {{{samp(paragraph)}}} styles for each of the following table cell - categories: - - - Body - - First column - - Last column - - First row - - Last row - - Even row - - Odd row - - Even column - - Odd Column - - The names for the above styles must be chosen based on the name of the - table template using a well-defined convention. - - The naming convention is better illustrated with an example. For a - table template with the name {{{samp(Custom)}}}, the needed style - names are listed in the following table. - - | Table cell type | ~table-cell~ style | ~paragraph~ style | - |-----------------+----------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------| - | Body | {{{samp(CustomTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomTableParagraph)}}} | - | First column | {{{samp(CustomFirstColumnTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomFirstColumnTableParagraph)}}} | - | Last column | {{{samp(CustomLastColumnTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomLastColumnTableParagraph)}}} | - | First row | {{{samp(CustomFirstRowTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomFirstRowTableParagraph)}}} | - | Last row | {{{samp(CustomLastRowTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomLastRowTableParagraph)}}} | - | Even row | {{{samp(CustomEvenRowTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomEvenRowTableParagraph)}}} | - | Odd row | {{{samp(CustomOddRowTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomOddRowTableParagraph)}}} | - | Even column | {{{samp(CustomEvenColumnTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomEvenColumnTableParagraph)}}} | - | Odd column | {{{samp(CustomOddColumnTableCell)}}} | {{{samp(CustomOddColumnTableParagraph)}}} | - - - To create a table template with the name {{{samp(Custom)}}}, define - the above styles in the ~<office:automatic-styles>~ ... - ~</office:automatic-styles>~ element of the content template file (see - [[x-orgodtcontenttemplate-xml][Factory styles]]). - -- Define a table style[fn:141] :: - - #+vindex: org-export-odt-table-styles - - To define a table style, create an entry for the style in the variable - ~org-export-odt-table-styles~ and specify the following: - - - the name of the table template created in step (1) - - the set of cell styles in that template that are to be activated - - - For example, the entry below defines two different table styles - {{{samp(TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn)}}} and - {{{samp(TableWithFirstRowandLastRow)}}} based on the same template - {{{samp(Custom)}}}. The styles achieve their intended effect by - selectively activating the individual cell styles in that template. - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-export-odt-table-styles - (append org-export-odt-table-styles - '(("TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" "Custom" - ((use-first-row-styles . t) - (use-first-column-styles . t))) - ("TableWithFirstRowandLastRow" "Custom" - ((use-first-row-styles . t) - (use-last-row-styles . t)))))) - #+end_src - -- Associate a table with the table style :: - - To do this, specify the table style created in step (2) as part of - the ~ATTR_ODT~ line as shown below. - - #+begin_example - ,#+ATTR_ODT: :style "TableWithHeaderRowAndColumn" - | Name | Phone | Age | - | Peter | 1234 | 17 | - | Anna | 4321 | 25 | - #+end_example - -**** Validating OpenDocument XML - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to debug corrupt OpenDocument files - :END: - -Occasionally, you will discover that the document created by the ODT -exporter cannot be opened by your favorite application. One of the -common reasons for this is that the {{{file(.odt)}}} file is corrupt. -In such cases, you may want to validate the document against the -OpenDocument RELAX NG Compact Syntax (RNC) schema. - -For de-compressing the {{{file(.odt)}}} file[fn:142]: -[[info:emacs#File Archives]]. For general help with validation (and -schema-sensitive editing) of XML files: [[info:nxml-mode#Introduction]]. -#+vindex: org-export-odt-schema-dir - -If you have ready access to OpenDocument {{{file(.rnc)}}} files and -the needed schema-locating rules in a single folder, you can customize -the variable ~org-export-odt-schema-dir~ to point to that directory. -The ODT exporter will take care of updating the -~rng-schema-locating-files~ for you. - -** TaskJuggler export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to TaskJuggler - :END: -#+cindex: TaskJuggler export -#+cindex: Project management - -[[http://www.taskjuggler.org/][TaskJuggler]] is a project management tool. It provides an optimizing -scheduler that computes your project time lines and resource -assignments based on the project outline and the constraints that you -have provided. - -The TaskJuggler exporter is a bit different from other exporters, such -as the ~HTML~ and LaTeX exporters for example, in that it does not -export all the nodes of a document or strictly follow the order of the -nodes in the document. - -Instead the TaskJuggler exporter looks for a tree that defines the -tasks and optionally trees that define the resources and reports for -this project. It then creates a TaskJuggler file based on these trees -and the attributes defined in all the nodes. - -*** TaskJuggler export commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Key bindings for TaskJuggler export - :END: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e j)}}}, ~org-export-as-taskjuggler~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e j - - Export as a TaskJuggler file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e J)}}}, ~org-export-as-taskjuggler-and-open~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e J - - Export as a TaskJuggler file and then open the file with TaskJugglerUI - (only for TaskJugglerUI 2.x). - -*** Tasks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Marking tasks for TaskJuggler export - :END: -#+vindex: org-export-taskjuggler-project-tag - -Create your tasks as you usually do with Org mode. Assign efforts to -each task using properties (it is easiest to do this in the column -view). You should end up with something similar to the example by -Peter Jones in -[[http://www.contextualdevelopment.com/static/artifacts/articles/2008/project-planning/project-planning.org]]. -Now mark the top node of your tasks with a tag named -~:taskjuggler_project:~ (or whatever you customized -~org-export-taskjuggler-project-tag~ to). You are now ready to export -the project plan with {{{kbd(C-c C-e J)}}} which will export the -project plan and open a gantt chart in TaskJugglerUI. - -*** Resources - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Define TaskJuggler resources - :END: -#+vindex: org-export-taskjuggler-resource-tag - -Next you can define resources and assign those to work on specific -tasks. You can group your resources hierarchically. Tag the top node -of the resources with ~:taskjuggler_resource:~ (or whatever you -customized ~org-export-taskjuggler-resource-tag~ to). You can -optionally assign an identifier (named {{{samp(resource_id)}}}) to the -resources (using the standard Org properties commands, see [[Property -syntax]]) or you can let the exporter generate identifiers automatically -(the exporter picks the first word of the headline as the identifier -as long as it is unique---see the documentation of -~org-taskjuggler-get-unique-id~). Using that identifier you can then -allocate resources to tasks. This is again done with the -{{{samp(allocate)}}} property on the tasks. Do this in column view or -when on the task type -{{{ksksksk(C-c C-x p allocate,RET,<resource_id>,RET)}}}. - -Once the allocations are done you can again export to TaskJuggler and -check in the Resource Allocation Graph which person is working on what -task at what time. - -*** Export of properties - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Which properties will be exported? - :END: - -The exporter also takes TODO state information into consideration, -i.e., if a task is marked as done it will have the corresponding -attribute in TaskJuggler ({{{samp(complete 100)}}}). Scheduling -information is also taken into account to set start/end dates for -tasks. - -The exporter will also export any property on a task resource or -resource node which is known to TaskJuggler, such as -{{{samp(limits)}}}, {{{samp(vacation)}}}, {{{samp(shift)}}}, -{{{samp(booking)}}}, {{{samp(efficiency)}}}, {{{samp(journalentry)}}}, -{{{samp(rate)}}} for resources or {{{samp(account)}}}, -{{{samp(start)}}}, {{{samp(note)}}}, {{{samp(duration)}}}, -{{{samp(end)}}}, {{{samp(journalentry)}}}, {{{samp(milestone)}}}, -{{{samp(reference)}}}, {{{samp(responsible)}}}, -{{{samp(scheduling)}}}, etc for tasks. - -*** Dependencies - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How the exporter handles dependencies - :END: - -The exporter will handle dependencies that are defined in the tasks -either with the {{{samp(ORDERED)}}} attribute (see [[TODO dependencies]]), -with the {{{samp(BLOCKER)}}} attribute (see {{{file(org-depend.el)}}}) -or alternatively with a {{{samp(depends)}}} attribute. Both the -{{{samp(BLOCKER)}}} and the {{{samp(depends)}}} attribute can be -either {{{samp(previous-sibling)}}} or a reference to an identifier -(named {{{samp(task_id)}}}) which is defined for another task in the -project. {{{samp(BLOCKER)}}} and the {{{samp(depends)}}} attribute can -define multiple dependencies separated by either space or comma. You -can also specify optional attributes on the dependency by simply -appending it. The following examples should illustrate this: - -#+begin_example - ,* Preparation - , :PROPERTIES: - , :task_id: preparation - , :ORDERED: t - , :END: - ,* Training material - , :PROPERTIES: - , :task_id: training_material - , :ORDERED: t - , :END: - ,** Markup Guidelines - , :PROPERTIES: - , :Effort: 2d - , :END: - ,** Workflow Guidelines - , :PROPERTIES: - , :Effort: 2d - , :END: - ,* Presentation - , :PROPERTIES: - , :Effort: 2d - , :BLOCKER: training_material { gapduration 1d } preparation - , :END: -#+end_example - -*** Reports - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Gantt charts, etc. - :END: -#+vindex: org-export-taskjuggler-default-reports - -TaskJuggler can produce many kinds of reports (e.g., gantt chart, -resource allocation, etc). The user defines what kind of reports -should be generated for a project in the TaskJuggler file. By default, -the exporter will automatically insert some pre-set reports in the -file. These defaults are defined in -~org-export-taskjuggler-default-reports~. They can be modified using -customize along with a number of other options. For a more complete -list, see -{{{ksksksk(M-x customize-group,RET,org-export-taskjuggler,RET)}}}. - -Alternately, the user can tag a tree with -~org-export-taskjuggler-report-tag~, and define reports in sub-nodes, -similarly to what is done with tasks or resources. The properties used -for report generation are defined in -~org-export-taskjuggler-valid-report-attributes~. In addition, a -special property named {{{samp(report-kind)}}} is used to define the -kind of report one wants to generate (by default, a -{{{samp(taskreport)}}}). - -For more information and examples see the Org-taskjuggler tutorial at -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tutorials/org-taskjuggler.html]]. - -** Freemind export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to Freemind mind maps - :END: -#+cindex: Freemind export -#+cindex: mind map - -The Freemind exporter was written by Lennart Borgman. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e m)}}}, ~org-export-as-freemind~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e m - - Export as a Freemind mind map. For an Org file {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, - the Freemind file will be {{{file(myfile.mm)}}}. - -** XOXO export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to XOXO - :END: -#+cindex: XOXO export - -Org mode contains an exporter that produces XOXO-style output. -Currently, this exporter only handles the general outline structure -and does not interpret any additional Org mode features. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e x)}}}, ~org-export-as-xoxo~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e x - - Export as an XOXO file. For an Org file {{{file(myfile.org)}}}, the - XOXO file will be {{{file(myfile.html)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e v x)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e v x - - Export only the visible part of the document. - -** iCalendar export - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Exporting to iCalendar format - :END: -#+cindex: iCalendar export - -#+vindex: org-icalendar-include-todo -#+vindex: org-icalendar-use-deadline -#+vindex: org-icalendar-use-scheduled -#+vindex: org-icalendar-categories -#+vindex: org-icalendar-alarm-time - -Some people use Org mode for keeping track of projects, but still -prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and -appointments. In this case it can be useful to show deadlines and -other time-stamped items in Org files in the calendar application. Org -mode can export calendar information in the standard iCalendar format. -If you also want to have TODO entries included in the export, -configure the variable ~org-icalendar-include-todo~. Plain timestamps -are exported as VEVENT, and TODO items as VTODO. It will also create -events from deadlines that are in non-TODO items. Deadlines and -scheduling dates in TODO items will be used to set the start and due -dates for the TODO entry.[fn:143] As categories, it will use the tags -locally defined in the heading, and the file/tree category.[fn:144] -See the variable ~org-icalendar-alarm-time~ for a way to assign alarms -to entries with a time. - -#+vindex: org-icalendar-store-UID -#+cindex: property, ID - -The iCalendar standard requires each entry to have a globally unique -identifier (UID). Org creates these identifiers during export. If you -set the variable ~org-icalendar-store-UID~, the UID will be stored in -the ~:ID:~ property of the entry and re-used next time you report this -entry. Since a single entry can give rise to multiple iCalendar -entries (as a timestamp, a deadline, a scheduled item, and as a TODO -item), Org adds prefixes to the UID, depending on what triggered the -inclusion of the entry. In this way the UID remains unique, but a -synchronization program can still figure out from which entry all the -different instances originate. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e i)}}}, ~org-export-icalendar-this-file~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e i - - Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in the - same directory, using a file extension {{{file(.ics)}}}. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e I)}}}, ~ org-export-icalendar-all-agenda-files~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e I - #+vindex: org-agenda-files - - Like {{{kbd(C-c C-e i)}}}, but do this for all files in - ~org-agenda-files~. For each of these files, a separate iCalendar file - will be written. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e c)}}}, ~org-export-icalendar-combine-agenda-files~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e c - #+vindex: org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file - - Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in - ~org-agenda-files~ and write it to the file given by - ~org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file~. - - -#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance -#+vindex: org-icalendar-include-body -#+cindex: property, SUMMARY -#+cindex: property, DESCRIPTION -#+cindex: property, LOCATION - -The export will honor SUMMARY, DESCRIPTION and LOCATION properties if -the selected entries have them.[fn:145] If not, the summary will be -derived from the headline, and the description from the body (limited -to ~org-icalendar-include-body~ characters). - -How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application -you are using. The FAQ covers this issue. - -* Publishing - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Create a web site of linked Org files - :END: -#+cindex: publishing -#+cindex: O'Toole, David - -Org includes a publishing management system that allows you to -configure automatic HTML conversion of /projects/ composed of -interlinked org files. You can also configure Org to automatically -upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments, such as -images and source code files, to a web server. - -You can also use Org to convert files into PDF, or even combine HTML -and PDF conversion so that files are available in both formats on the -server. - -Publishing has been contributed to Org by David O'Toole. - -** Configuration - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Defining projects - :END: -Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, -destination and many other properties of a project. - -*** Project alist - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The central configuration variable - :TITLE: The variable ~org-publish-project-alist~ - :END: -#+cindex: org-publish-project-alist -#+cindex: projects, for publishing -#+vindex: org-publish-project-alist - -Publishing is configured almost entirely through setting the value of -one variable, called ~org-publish-project-alist~. Each element of the -list configures one project, and may be in one of the two following -forms: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - ("project-name" :property value :property value ...) -#+end_src - -i.e., a well-formed property list with alternating keys and values, -or: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - ("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...)) -#+end_src - -In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values. -A project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as -the publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. When -a project takes the second form listed above, the individual members -of the ~:components~ property are taken to be sub-projects, which -group together files requiring different publishing options. When you -publish such a "meta-project," all the components will also be -published, in the sequence given. - -*** Sources and destinations - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: From here to there - :TITLE: Sources and destinations for files - :END: -#+cindex: directories, for publishing - -Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In -particular, Org needs to know where to look for source files, and -where to put published files. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:base-directory~ :: - - Directory containing publishing source files - -- ~:publishing-directory~ :: - - Directory where output files will be published. You can directly - publish to a webserver using a file name syntax appropriate for the - Emacs {{{file(tramp)}}} package. Or you can publish to a local - directory and use external tools to upload your website - (see [[Uploading files]]). - -- ~:preparation-function~ :: - - Function or list of functions to be called before starting the - publishing process, for example, to run ~make~ for updating files to - be published. The project property list is scoped into this call as - the variable ~project-plist~. - -- ~:completion-function~ :: - - Function or list of functions called after finishing the publishing - process, for example, to change permissions of the resulting files. - The project property list is scoped into this call as the variable - ~project-plist~. - -*** Selecting files - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: What files are part of the project? - :END: -#+cindex: files, selecting for publishing - -By default, all files with extension {{{file(.org)}}} in the base directory -are considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the -following properties: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:base-extension~ :: - - Extension (without the dot!) of source files. This actually is a - regular expression. Set this to the symbol ~any~ if you want to get - all files in ~:base-directory~, even without extension. - -- ~:exclude~ :: - - Regular expression to match file names that should not be published, - even though they have been selected on the basis of their extension. - -- ~:include~ :: - - List of files to be included regardless of ~:base-extension~ and - ~:exclude~. - -- ~:recursive~ :: - - Non-nil means, check base-directory recursively for files to publish. - -*** Publishing action - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Setting the function doing the publishing - :END: -#+cindex: action, for publishing - -Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory and -possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation is to export -Org files as HTML files, and this is done by the function -~org-publish-org-to-html~ which calls the HTML exporter (see [[HTML -export]]). But you also can publish your content as PDF files using -~org-publish-org-to-pdf~, or as ~ascii~, ~latin1~ or -~utf8~ encoded files using the corresponding functions. If you want to -publish the Org file itself, but with /archived/, /commented/, and -/tag-excluded/ trees removed, use ~org-publish-org-to-org~ and set the -parameters ~:plain-source~ and/or ~:htmlized-source~. This will -produce {{{file(file.org)}}} and {{{file(file.org.html)}}} in the publishing -directory.[fn:146] Other files like images only need to be copied to the -publishing destination; for this you may use ~org-publish-attachment~. -For non-Org files, you always need to specify the publishing function: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:publishing-function~ :: - - Function executing the publication of a file. This may also be a list - of functions, which will all be called in turn. - -- ~:plain-source~ :: - - Non-nil means, publish plain source. - -- ~:htmlized-source~ :: - - Non-nil means, publish htmlized source. - - -The function must accept three arguments: a property list containing -at least a ~:publishing-directory~ property, the name of the file to -be published, and the path to the publishing directory of the output -file. It should take the specified file, make the necessary -transformation (if any) and place the result into the destination -folder. - -*** Publishing options - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Tweaking HTML/LaTeX export - :END: -#+cindex: options, for publishing - -The property list can be used to set many export options for the HTML -and LaTeX exporters. In most cases, these properties correspond to user -variables in Org. The table below lists these properties along -with the variable they belong to. See the documentation string for the -respective variable for details. - -#+vindex: org-export-html-link-up -#+vindex: org-export-html-link-home -#+vindex: org-export-default-language -#+vindex: org-display-custom-times -#+vindex: org-export-headline-levels -#+vindex: org-export-with-section-numbers -#+vindex: org-export-section-number-format -#+vindex: org-export-with-toc -#+vindex: org-export-preserve-breaks -#+vindex: org-export-with-archived-trees -#+vindex: org-export-with-emphasize -#+vindex: org-export-with-sub-superscripts -#+vindex: org-export-with-special-strings -#+vindex: org-export-with-footnotes -#+vindex: org-export-with-drawers -#+vindex: org-export-with-tags -#+vindex: org-export-with-todo-keywords -#+vindex: org-export-with-tasks -#+vindex: org-export-with-done-tasks -#+vindex: org-export-with-priority -#+vindex: org-export-with-TeX-macros -#+vindex: org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments -#+vindex: org-export-skip-text-before-1st-heading -#+vindex: org-export-with-fixed-width -#+vindex: org-export-with-timestamps -#+vindex: org-export-author-info -#+vindex: org-export-email-info -#+vindex: org-export-creator-info -#+vindex: org-export-time-stamp-file -#+vindex: org-export-with-tables -#+vindex: org-export-highlight-first-table-line -#+vindex: org-export-html-style-include-default -#+vindex: org-export-html-style-include-scripts -#+vindex: org-export-html-style -#+vindex: org-export-html-style-extra -#+vindex: org-export-html-link-org-files-as-html -#+vindex: org-export-html-inline-images -#+vindex: org-export-html-extension -#+vindex: org-export-html-table-tag -#+vindex: org-export-html-expand -#+vindex: org-export-html-with-timestamp -#+vindex: org-export-publishing-directory -#+vindex: org-export-html-preamble -#+vindex: org-export-html-postamble -#+vindex: user-full-name -#+vindex: user-mail-address -#+vindex: org-export-select-tags -#+vindex: org-export-exclude-tags - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:link-up~ :: ~org-export-html-link-up~ -- ~:link-home~ :: ~org-export-html-link-home~ -- ~:language~ :: ~org-export-default-language~ -- ~:customtime~ :: ~org-display-custom-times~ -- ~:headline-levels~ :: ~org-export-headline-levels~ -- ~:section-numbers~ :: ~org-export-with-section-numbers~ -- ~:section-number-format~ :: ~org-export-section-number-format~ -- ~:table-of-contents~ :: ~org-export-with-toc~ -- ~:preserve-breaks~ :: ~org-export-preserve-breaks~ -- ~:archived-trees~ :: ~org-export-with-archived-trees~ -- ~:emphasize~ :: ~org-export-with-emphasize~ -- ~:sub-superscript~ :: ~org-export-with-sub-superscripts~ -- ~:special-strings~ :: ~org-export-with-special-strings~ -- ~:footnotes~ :: ~org-export-with-footnotes~ -- ~:drawers~ :: ~org-export-with-drawers~ -- ~:tags~ :: ~org-export-with-tags~ -- ~:todo-keywords~ :: ~org-export-with-todo-keywords~ -- ~:tasks~ :: ~org-export-with-tasks~ -- ~:priority~ :: ~org-export-with-priority~ -- ~:TeX-macros~ :: ~org-export-with-TeX-macros~ -- ~:LaTeX-fragments~ :: ~org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments~ -- ~:latex-listings~ :: ~org-export-latex-listings~ -- ~:skip-before-1st-heading~ :: ~org-export-skip-text-before-1st-heading~ -- ~:fixed-width~ :: ~org-export-with-fixed-width~ -- ~:timestamps~ :: ~org-export-with-timestamps~ -- ~:author~ :: ~user-full-name~ -- ~:email~ :: ~user-mail-address~ : ~addr;addr;..~ -- ~:author-info~ :: ~org-export-author-info~ -- ~:email-info~ :: ~org-export-email-info~ -- ~:creator-info~ :: ~org-export-creator-info~ -- ~:tables~ :: ~org-export-with-tables~ -- ~:table-auto-headline~ :: ~org-export-highlight-first-table-line~ -- ~:style-include-default~ :: ~org-export-html-style-include-default~ -- ~:style-include-scripts~ :: ~org-export-html-style-include-scripts~ -- ~:style~ :: ~org-export-html-style~ -- ~:style-extra~ :: ~org-export-html-style-extra~ -- ~:convert-org-links~ :: ~org-export-html-link-org-files-as-html~ -- ~:inline-images~ :: ~org-export-html-inline-images~ -- ~:html-extension~ :: ~org-export-html-extension~ -- ~:html-preamble~ :: ~org-export-html-preamble~ -- ~:html-postamble~ :: ~org-export-html-postamble~ -- ~:xml-declaration~ :: ~org-export-html-xml-declaration~ -- ~:html-table-tag~ :: ~org-export-html-table-tag~ -- ~:expand-quoted-html~ :: ~org-export-html-expand~ -- ~:timestamp~ :: ~org-export-html-with-timestamp~ -- ~:publishing-directory~ :: ~org-export-publishing-directory~ -- ~:select-tags~ :: ~org-export-select-tags~ -- ~:exclude-tags~ :: ~org-export-exclude-tags~ -- ~:latex-image-options~ :: ~org-export-latex-image-default-option~ - - -Most of the ~org-export-with-*~ variables have the same effect in both -HTML and LaTeX exporters, except for ~:TeX-macros~ and -~:LaTeX-fragments~ options, respectively ~nil~ and ~t~ in the LaTeX -export. See ~org-export-plist-vars~ to check this list of options. - -#+vindex: org-publish-project-alist - -When a property is given a value in ~org-publish-project-alist~, its -setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if -any) during publishing. Options set within a file (see [[Export -options]]), however, override everything. - -*** Publishing links - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Which links keep working after publishing? - :END: -#+cindex: links, publishing - -To create a link from one Org file to another, you would use something -like ~[[file:foo.org][The foo]]~ or simply ~[[file:foo.org]]~ (see -[[Hyperlinks]]). When published, this link becomes a link to -{{{file(foo.html)}}}. In this way, you can interlink the pages of your -"org web" project and the links will work as expected when you publish -them to HTML. If you also publish the Org source file and want to link -to that, use an ~http:~ link instead of a ~file:~ link, because -~file:~ links are converted to link to the corresponding -{{{file(html)}}} file. - -You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are -careful with relative file names, and provided you have also -configured Org to upload the related files, these links will work too. -See [[Complex example]], for an example of this usage. - -Sometimes an Org file to be published may contain links that are only -valid in your production environment, but not in the publishing -location. In this case, use the following property to define a -function for checking link validity: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:link-validation-function~ :: - Function to validate links - - -{{{noindent}}} This function must accept two arguments, the file name -and a directory relative to which the file name is interpreted in the -production environment. If this function returns ~nil~, then the HTML -generator will only insert a description into the HTML file, but no -link. One option for this function is ~org-publish-validate-link~ -which checks if the given file is part of any project in -~org-publish-project-alist~. - -*** Site map - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Generating a list of all pages - :TITLE: Generating a sitemap - :END: -#+cindex: sitemap, of published pages - -The following properties may be used to control publishing of -a map of files for a given project. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:auto-sitemap~ :: - - When non-nil, publish a sitemap during ~org-publish-current-project~ - or ~org-publish-all~. - -- ~:sitemap-filename~ :: - - Filename for output of sitemap. Defaults to {{{file(sitemap.org)}}} (which - becomes {{{file(sitemap.html)}}}). - -- ~:sitemap-title~ :: - - Title of sitemap page. Defaults to name of file. - -- ~:sitemap-function~ :: - - Plug-in function to use for generation of the sitemap. Defaults to - ~org-publish-org-sitemap~, which generates a plain list of links to - all files in the project. - -- ~:sitemap-sort-folders~ :: - - Where folders should appear in the sitemap. Set this to ~first~ - (default) or ~last~ to display folders first or last, respectively. - Any other value will mix files and folders. - -- ~:sitemap-sort-files~ :: - - How the files are sorted in the site map. Set this to ~alphabetically~ - (default), ~chronologically~ or ~anti-chronologically~. - ~chronologically~ sorts the files with older date first while - ~anti-chronologically~ sorts the files with newer date first. - ~alphabetically~ sorts the files alphabetically. The date of a file is - retrieved with ~org-publish-find-date~. - -- ~:sitemap-ignore-case~ :: - - Should sorting be case-sensitive? Default ~nil~. - -- ~:sitemap-file-entry-format~ :: - - With this option one can tell how a sitemap's entry is formatted in - the sitemap. This is a format string with some escape sequences: ~%t~ - stands for the title of the file, ~%a~ stands for the author of the - file and ~%d~ stands for the date of the file. The date is retrieved - with the ~org-publish-find-date~ function and formatted with - ~org-publish-sitemap-date-format~. Default ~%t~. - -- ~:sitemap-date-format~ :: - - Format string for the ~format-time-string~ function that tells how a - sitemap entry's date is to be formatted. This property bypasses - ~org-publish-sitemap-date-format~ which defaults to ~%Y-%m-%d~. - -- ~:sitemap-sans-extension~ :: - - When non-nil, remove filenames' extensions from the generated sitemap. - Useful to have cool URIs (see [[http://www.w3.org/Provider/Style/URI]]). - Defaults to ~nil~. - -*** Generating an index - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: An index that reaches across pages - :END: -#+cindex: index, in a publishing project - -Org mode can generate an index across the files of a publishing project. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:makeindex~ :: - - When non-nil, generate in index in the file {{{file(theindex.org)}}} - and publish it as {{{file(theindex.html)}}}. - - -The file will be created when first publishing a project with the -~:makeindex~ set. The file only contains a statement -{{{samp(#+INCLUDE: "theindex.inc")}}}. You can then build around this -include statement by adding a title, style information, etc. - -** Uploading files - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to get files up on the server - :END: -#+cindex: rsync -#+cindex: unison - -For those people already utilizing third party sync tools such as -{{{command(rsync)}}} or {{{command(unison)}}}, it might be preferable -not to use the built in remote publishing facilities of Org mode -which rely heavily on Tramp. Tramp, while very useful and powerful, -tends not to be so efficient for multiple file transfer and has been -known to cause problems under heavy usage. - -Specialized synchronization utilities offer several advantages. In -addition to timestamp comparison, they also do content and -permissions/attribute checks. For this reason you might prefer to -publish your web to a local directory (possibly even in place with -your Org files) and then use {{{file(unison)}}} or {{{file(rsync)}}} -to do the synchronization with the remote host. - -Since Unison (for example) can be configured as to which files to -transfer to a certain remote destination, it can greatly simplify the -project publishing definition. Simply keep all files in the correct -location, process your Org files with ~org-publish~ and let the -synchronization tool do the rest. You do not need, in this scenario, -to include attachments such as {{{file(jpg)}}}, {{{file(css)}}} or -{{{file(gif)}}} files in the project definition since the 3rd party -tool syncs them. - -Publishing to a local directory is also much faster than to a remote -one, so that you can afford more easily to republish entire projects. -If you set ~org-publish-use-timestamps-flag~ to ~nil~, you gain the -main benefit of re-including any changed external files such as source -example files you might include with ~#+INCLUDE:~. The timestamp -mechanism in Org is not smart enough to detect if included files have -been modified. - -** Sample configuration - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Example projects - :END: -Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is a simple -project publishing only a set of Org files. The second example is -more complex, with a multi-component project. - -*** Simple example - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: One-component publishing - :TITLE: Example: simple publishing configuration - :END: -This example publishes a set of Org files to the {{{file(public_html)}}} -directory on the local machine. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-publish-project-alist - '(("org" - :base-directory "~/org/" - :publishing-directory "~/public_html" - :section-numbers nil - :table-of-contents nil - :style "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" - href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" - type=\"text/css\"/>"))) -#+end_src - -*** Complex example - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: A multi-component publishing example - :TITLE: Example: complex publishing configuration - :END: -This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including -Org files converted to HTML, image files, Emacs Lisp source code, and -style sheets. The publishing directory is remote and private files are -excluded. - -To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate -your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file -paths. For example, if your Org files are kept in {{{file(~/org)}}} -and your publishable images in {{{file(~/images)}}}, you would link to -an image with - -#+begin_example - file:../images/myimage.png -#+end_example - -On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the -same. You can accomplish this by setting up an "images" folder in the -right place on the web server, and publishing images to it. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-publish-project-alist - '(("orgfiles" - :base-directory "~/org/" - :base-extension "org" - :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/notebook/" - :publishing-function org-publish-org-to-html - :exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp - :headline-levels 3 - :section-numbers nil - :table-of-contents nil - :style "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" - href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" type=\"text/css\"/>" - :html-preamble t) - - ("images" - :base-directory "~/images/" - :base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png" - :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/images/" - :publishing-function org-publish-attachment) - - ("other" - :base-directory "~/other/" - :base-extension "css\\|el" - :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/other/" - :publishing-function org-publish-attachment) - ("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other")))) -#+end_src - -** Triggering publication - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Publication commands - :END: -Once properly configured, Org can publish with the following commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e X)}}}, ~org-publish~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e X - - Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to it. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e P)}}}, ~org-publish-current-project~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e P - - Publish the project containing the current file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e F)}}}, ~org-publish-current-file~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e F - - Publish only the current file. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-e E)}}}, ~org-publish-all~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-e E - - Publish every project. - - -#+vindex: org-publish-use-timestamps-flag - -Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above -functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this -and force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument to any -of the commands above, or by customizing the variable -~org-publish-use-timestamps-flag~. This may be necessary in particular -if files include other files via ~#+SETUPFILE:~ or ~#+INCLUDE:~. - -* Working with source code - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Export, evaluate, and tangle code blocks - :ALT_TITLE: Working With Source Code - :END: -#+cindex: Schulte, Eric -#+cindex: Davison, Dan -#+cindex: source code, working with - -Source code can be included in Org mode documents using a -{{{samp(src)}}} block, e.g.: - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp - (defun org-xor (a b) - "Exclusive or." - (if a (not b) b)) - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -Org mode provides a number of features for working with live source -code, including editing of code blocks in their native major-mode, -evaluation of code blocks, converting code blocks into source files -(known as "tangling" in literate programming), and exporting code -blocks and their results in several formats. This functionality was -contributed by Eric Schulte and Dan Davison, and was originally named -Org-babel. - -The following sections describe Org mode's code block handling facilities. - -** Structure of code blocks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Code block syntax described - :END: -#+cindex: code block, structure -#+cindex: source code, block structure -#+cindex: #+NAME -#+cindex: #+BEGIN_SRC - -Live code blocks can be specified with a {{{samp(src)}}} block or -inline.[fn:147] The structure of a {{{samp(src)}}} block is shown in -the following example: - -#+begin_example - ,#+NAME: <name> - ,#+BEGIN_SRC <language> <switches> <header arguments> - <body> - ,#+END_SRC -#+end_example - -The ~#+NAME:~ line is optional, and can be used to name the code -block. Live code blocks require that a language be specified on the -~#+BEGIN_SRC~ line. Switches and header arguments are optional. -#+cindex: source code, inline - -Live code blocks can also be specified inline using the following -syntax: - -#+begin_example - src_<language>{<body>} -#+end_example - -or - -#+begin_example - src_<language>[<header arguments>]{<body>} -#+end_example - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~<#+NAME: name>~ :: - #+cindex: #+NAME - - This line associates a name with the code block. This is similar to - the ~#+TBLNAME: NAME~ lines that can be used to name tables in Org - mode files. Referencing the name of a code block makes it possible to - evaluate the block from other places in the file, from other files, or - from Org mode table formulas (see [[The spreadsheet]]). Names are assumed - to be unique and the behavior of Org mode when two or more blocks - share the same name is undefined. - -- ~<language>~ :: - #+cindex: source code, language - - The language of the code in the block (see [[Languages]]). - -- ~<switches>~ :: - #+cindex: source code, switches - - Optional switches control code block export (see the discussion of - switches in [[Literal examples]]). - -- ~<header arguments>~ :: - #+cindex: source code, header arguments - - Optional header arguments control many aspects of evaluation, export - and tangling of code blocks (see [[Header arguments]]). Header arguments - can also be set on a per-buffer or per-subtree basis using properties. - -- ~<body>~ :: - - Source code in the specified language. - -** Editing source code - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Language major-mode editing - :END: -#+cindex: code block, editing -#+cindex: source code, editing -#+kindex: C-c ' - -Use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} to edit the current code block. This brings up a -language major-mode edit buffer containing the body of the code block. -Saving this buffer will write the new contents back to the Org buffer. -Use {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} again to exit. - -The ~org-src-mode~ minor mode will be active in the edit buffer. The -following variables can be used to configure the behavior of the edit -buffer. See also the customization group ~org-edit-structure~ for -further configuration options. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~org-src-lang-modes~ :: - - If an Emacs major-mode named ~<lang>-mode~ exists, where - ~<lang>~ is the language named in the header line of the code block, - then the edit buffer will be placed in that major-mode. This variable - can be used to map arbitrary language names to existing major modes. - -- ~org-src-window-setup~ :: - - Controls the way Emacs windows are rearranged when the edit buffer is - created. - -- ~org-src-preserve-indentation~ :: - - This variable is especially useful for tangling languages such as - Python, in which whitespace indentation in the output is meaningful. - -- ~org-src-ask-before-returning-to-edit-buffer~ :: - - By default, Org will ask before returning to an open edit buffer. Set this - variable to nil to switch without asking. - - -To turn on native code fontification in the Org mode buffer, configure -the variable ~org-src-fontify-natively~. - -** Exporting code blocks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Export contents and/or results - :END: -#+cindex: code block, exporting -#+cindex: source code, exporting - -It is possible to export the /code/ of code blocks, the /results/ of -code block evaluation, /both/ the code and the results of code block -evaluation, or /none/. For most languages, the default exports code. -However, for some languages (e.g., ~ditaa~) the default exports the -results of code block evaluation. For information on exporting code -block bodies, see [[Literal examples]]. - -The ~:exports~ header argument can be used to specify export -behavior with the following arguments: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:exports code~ :: - - The default in most languages. The body of the code block is exported, as - described in [[Literal examples]]. - -- ~:exports results~ :: - - The code block will be evaluated and the results will be placed in the - Org mode buffer for export, either updating previous results of the - code block located anywhere in the buffer or, if no previous results - exist, placing the results immediately after the code block. The body - of the code block will not be exported. - -- ~:exports both~ :: - - Both the code block and its results will be exported. - -- ~:exports none~ :: - - Neither the code block nor its results will be exported. - - -It is possible to inhibit the evaluation of code blocks during export. -Setting the ~org-export-babel-evaluate~ variable to ~nil~ will ensure -that no code blocks are evaluated as part of the export process. This -can be useful in situations where potentially untrusted Org mode files -are exported in an automated fashion, for example when Org mode is -used as the markup language for a wiki. - -** Extracting source code - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Create pure source code files - :END: -#+cindex: tangling -#+cindex: source code, extracting -#+cindex: code block, extracting source code - -Creating pure source code files by extracting code from source blocks -is referred to as "tangling"---a term adopted from the literate -programming community. During tangling of code blocks their bodies are -expanded using ~org-babel-expand-src-block~ which can expand both -variable and ``noweb'' style references (see [[Noweb reference syntax]]). - -*** Header arguments for tangling -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:tangle no~ :: - - The default. The code block is not included in the tangled output. - -- ~:tangle yes~ :: - - Include the code block in the tangled output. The output file name is - the name of the org file with the extension {{{samp(.org)}}} replaced - by the extension for the block language. - -- ~:tangle filename~ :: - - Include the code block in the tangled output to file {{{samp(filename)}}}. - -*** Functions for tangling -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~org-babel-tangle~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-v t - - Tangle the current file. Bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-v t)}}}. - - With a prefix argument only tangle the current code block. - -- ~org-babel-tangle-file~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-v f - - Choose a file to tangle. Bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-v f)}}}. - -*** Hooks for tangling -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~org-babel-post-tangle-hook~ :: - - This hook is run from within code files tangled by ~org-babel-tangle~. - Example applications could include post-processing, compilation, or - evaluation of tangled code files. - -** Evaluating code blocks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Place results in the Org buffer - :END: -#+cindex: code block, evaluating -#+cindex: source code, evaluating -#+cindex: #+RESULTS - -Code blocks can be evaluated and the results of evaluation optionally -placed in the Org mode buffer.[fn:148] The results of evaluation are -placed following a line that begins by default with ~#+RESULTS~ and -optionally a cache identifier and/or the name of the evaluated code -block. The default value of ~#+RESULTS~ can be changed with the -customizable variable ~org-babel-results-keyword~. - -By default, the evaluation facility is only enabled for Lisp code -blocks specified as ~emacs-lisp~. However, source code blocks in many -languages can be evaluated within Org mode (see [[Languages]] for a list -of supported languages and [[Structure of code blocks]] for information on -the syntax used to define a code block). - -#+kindex: C-c C-c -#+kindex: C-c C-v e - -There are a number of ways to evaluate code blocks. The simplest is to -press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v e)}}} with the point on a -code block.[fn:149] This will call the ~org-babel-execute-src-block~ -function to evaluate the block and insert its results into the Org -mode buffer. - -#+cindex: #+CALL - -It is also possible to evaluate named code blocks from anywhere in an -Org mode buffer or an Org mode table. Live code blocks located in the -current Org mode buffer or in the ``Library of Babel'' (see [[Library of -Babel]]) can be executed. Named code blocks can be executed with a -separate ~#+CALL:~ line or inline within a block of text. - -The syntax of the ~#+CALL:~ line is: - -#+begin_example - ,#+CALL: <name>(<arguments>) - ,#+CALL: <name>[<inside header arguments>](<arguments>) <end header arguments> -#+end_example - -The syntax for inline evaluation of named code blocks is: - -#+begin_example - ... call_<name>(<arguments>) ... - ... call_<name>[<inside header arguments>](<arguments>)[<end header arguments>] ... -#+end_example - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~<name>~ :: - - The name of the code block to be evaluated (see [[Structure of code - blocks]]). - -- ~<arguments>~ :: - - Arguments specified in this section will be passed to the code block. - These arguments use standard function call syntax, rather than header - argument syntax. For example, a ~#+CALL:~ line that passes the number - four to a code block named ~double~, which declares the header - argument ~:var n=2~, would be written as ~#+CALL: double(n=4)~. - -- ~<inside header arguments>~ :: - - Inside header arguments are passed through and applied to the named - code block. These arguments use header argument syntax rather than - standard function call syntax. Inside header arguments affect how the - code block is evaluated. For example, ~[:results output]~ will collect - the results of everything printed to ~STDOUT~ during execution of the - code block. - -- ~<end header arguments>~ :: - - End header arguments are applied to the calling instance and do not - affect evaluation of the named code block. They affect how the results - are incorporated into the Org mode buffer and how the call line is - exported. For example, ~:results html~ will insert the results of the - call line evaluation in the Org buffer, wrapped in a ~BEGIN_HTML:~ - block. - - -For more examples of passing header arguments to ~#+CALL:~ lines see -[[Header arguments in function calls]]. - -** Library of Babel - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Use and contribute to a source code library - :END: -#+cindex: babel, library of -#+cindex: source code, library -#+cindex: code block, library - -The ``Library of Babel'' consists of code blocks that can be called -from any Org mode file. Code blocks defined in the ``Library of -Babel'' can be called remotely as if they were in the current Org mode -buffer (see [[Evaluating code blocks]] for information on the syntax of -remote code block evaluation). - - -The central repository of code blocks in the ``Library of Babel'' is -housed in an Org mode file located in the {{{samp(contrib)}}} -directory of Org mode. - -Users can add code blocks they believe to be generally useful to their -``Library of Babel.'' The code blocks can be stored in any Org mode -file and then loaded into the library with ~org-babel-lob-ingest~. - -#+kindex: C-c C-v i - -Code blocks located in any Org mode file can be loaded into the -``Library of Babel'' with the ~org-babel-lob-ingest~ function, bound -to {{{kbd(C-c C-v i)}}}. - -** Languages - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Supported code block languages - :END: -#+cindex: babel, languages -#+cindex: source code, languages -#+cindex: code block, languages - -Code blocks in the following languages are supported. - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.24 0.24 0.04 0.24 0.24 -| Language | Identifier | | Language | Identifier | -|------------+--------------+---+----------------+--------------| -| Asymptote | asymptote | | Awk | awk | -| Emacs Calc | calc | | C | C | -| C++ | C++ | | Clojure | clojure | -| CSS | css | | ditaa | ditaa | -| Graphviz | dot | | Emacs Lisp | emacs-lisp | -| gnuplot | gnuplot | | Haskell | haskell | -| Java | java | | | | -| Javascript | js | | LaTeX | latex | -| Ledger | ledger | | Lisp | lisp | -| Lilypond | lilypond | | MATLAB | matlab | -| Mscgen | mscgen | | Objective Caml | ocaml | -| Octave | octave | | Org mode | org | -| Oz | oz | | Perl | perl | -| Plantuml | plantuml | | Python | python | -| R | R | | Ruby | ruby | -| Sass | sass | | Scheme | scheme | -| GNU Screen | screen | | shell | sh | -| SQL | sql | | SQLite | sqlite | - - -Language-specific documentation is available for some languages. If -available, it can be found at -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages.html]]. - -The variable ~org-babel-load-languages~ controls which languages are -enabled for evaluation (by default only ~emacs-lisp~ is enabled). This -variable can be set using the customization interface or by adding -code like the following example, disables ~emacs-lisp~ evaluation and -enables evaluation of ~R~ code blocks, to your emacs configuration: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(org-babel-do-load-languages - 'org-babel-load-languages - '((emacs-lisp . nil) - (R . t))) -#+end_src - -It is also possible to enable support for a language by loading the -related elisp file with ~require~. - -{{{noindent}}} The following example adds support for evaluating -~clojure~ code blocks: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(require 'ob-clojure) -#+end_src - -** Header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Configure code block functionality - :END: -#+cindex: code block, header arguments -#+cindex: source code, block header arguments - -Code block functionality can be configured with header arguments. This -section provides an overview of the use of header arguments, and then -describes each header argument in detail. - -*** Using header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Different ways to set header arguments - :END: - -The values of header arguments can be set in six different ways, each -more specific (and having higher priority) than the last. - -**** System-wide header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Set global default values - :END: -#+vindex: org-babel-default-header-args - -System-wide values of header arguments can be specified by customizing -the ~org-babel-default-header-args~ variable: - -#+begin_example - :session => "none" - :results => "replace" - :exports => "code" - :cache => "no" - :noweb => "no" -#+end_example - -# #+begin_example -# org-babel-default-header-args is a variable defined in `org-babel.el'. -# Its value is -# ((:session . "none") -# (:results . "replace") -# (:exports . "code") -# (:cache . "no") -# (:noweb . "no")) - - -# Documentation: -# Default arguments to use when evaluating a code block. -# #+end_example - -For example, the following code could be used to set the default -value of ~:noweb~ header arguments to ~yes~. This would have the -effect of expanding ~:noweb~ references by default when evaluating -source code blocks. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp - (setq org-babel-default-header-args - (cons '(:noweb . "yes") - (assq-delete-all :noweb org-babel-default-header-args))) -#+end_src - -**** Language-specific header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Set default values by language - :END: - -Each language can define its own set of default header arguments. See -the language-specific documentation available online at -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel]]. - -**** Buffer-wide header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Set default values for a specific buffer - :END: - -Buffer-wide header arguments may be specified as properties through -the use of ~#+PROPERTY:~ lines placed anywhere in an Org mode file -(see [[Property syntax]]). - -For example the following would set ~session~ to ~*R*~, and ~results~ -to ~silent~ for every code block in the buffer, ensuring that all -execution took place in the same session, and no results would be -inserted into the buffer. - -#+begin_example - ,#+PROPERTY: session *R* - ,#+PROPERTY: results silent -#+end_example - -**** Header arguments in Org mode properties - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Set default values for a buffer or heading - :END: - -Header arguments are also read from Org mode properties (see [[Property -syntax]]), which can be set on a buffer-wide or per-heading basis. An -example of setting a header argument for all code blocks in a buffer -is as follows: - -#+begin_example - ,#+PROPERTY: tangle yes -#+end_example - -#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance - -When properties are used to set default header arguments, they are -looked up with inheritance, regardless of the value of -~org-use-property-inheritance~. In the following example the value of -the ~:cache~ header argument will default to ~yes~ in all code blocks -in the subtree rooted at the following heading: - -#+begin_example - ,* outline header - ,:PROPERTIES: - ,:cache: yes - ,:END: -#+end_example - -#+kindex: C-c C-x p -#+vindex: org-babel-default-header-args - -Properties defined in this way override the properties set in -~org-babel-default-header-args~. It is convenient to use the -~org-set-property~ function bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-x p)}}} to set -properties in Org mode documents. - -**** Code block specific header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The most common way to set values - :END: - -The most common way to assign values to header arguments is at the -code block level. This can be done by listing a sequence of header -arguments and their values as part of the ~#+BEGIN_SRC~ line. -Properties set in this way override both the values of -~org-babel-default-header-args~ and header arguments specified as -properties. In the following example, the ~:results~ header argument -is set to ~silent~, meaning the results of execution will not be -inserted in the buffer, and the ~:exports~ header argument is set to -~code~, meaning only the body of the code block will be preserved on -export to HTML or LaTeX. - -#+begin_example - #+NAME: factorial - #+BEGIN_SRC haskell :results silent :exports code :var n=0 - fac 0 = 1 - fac n = n * fac (n-1) - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -Similarly, it is possible to set header arguments for inline code blocks: - -#+begin_example - src_haskell[:exports both]@{fac 5@} -#+end_example - -Code block header arguments can span multiple lines using ~#+HEADER:~ -or ~#+HEADERS:~ lines preceding a code block or nested between the -~#+NAME:~ line and the ~#+BEGIN_SRC~ line of a named code block. - -#+cindex: #+HEADER: -#+cindex: #+HEADERS: - -This is an example of multi-line header arguments on an un-named code -block: - -#+begin_example - ,#+HEADERS: :var data1=1 - ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data2=2 - (message "data1:%S, data2:%S" data1 data2) - ,#+END_SRC - - ,#+RESULTS: - : data1:1, data2:2 -#+end_example - -This is an example of multi-line header arguments on a named code block: - -#+begin_example - ,#+NAME: named-block - ,#+HEADER: :var data=2 - ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp - (message "data:%S" data) - ,#+END_SRC - - ,#+RESULTS: named-block - : data:2 -#+end_example - -**** Header arguments in function calls - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: The most specific level - :END: - -At the most specific level, header arguments for ``Library of Babel'' -or ~#+CALL:~ lines can be set as shown in the two examples below. For -more information on the structure of ~#+CALL:~ lines see [[Evaluating -code blocks]]. - -The following example will apply the ~:exports results~ header -argument to the evaluation of the ~#+CALL:~ line: - -#+begin_example - ,#+CALL: factorial(n=5) :exports results -#+end_example - -The following example will apply the ~:session special~ header -argument to the evaluation of the ~factorial~ code block: - -#+begin_example - ,#+CALL: factorial[:session special](n=5) -#+end_example - -*** Specific header arguments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: List of header arguments - :END: -Header arguments consist of an initial colon followed by the name of -the argument in lowercase letters. Additional header arguments are -defined on a language-specific basis, see [[Languages]]. - -The following header arguments are defined: - -**** var - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Pass arguments to code blocks - :END: -The ~:var~ header argument is used to pass arguments to code blocks. -The specifics of how arguments are included in a code block vary by -language; these are addressed in the language-specific documentation. -However, the syntax used to specify arguments is the same across all -languages. In every case, variables require a default value when they -are declared. - -The values passed to arguments can either be literal values, -references, or Emacs Lisp code (see [[Emacs Lisp evaluation of -variables]]). References include anything in the Org mode file that -takes a ~#+NAME:~, ~#+TBLNAME:~, or ~#+RESULTS:~ line. This includes -tables, lists, ~#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE~ blocks, other code blocks, and the -results of other code blocks. - -Argument values can be indexed in a manner similar to arrays (see -[[Indexable variable values]]). - -The following syntax is used to pass arguments to code blocks using the -~:var~ header argument: - -#+begin_example - :var name=assign -#+end_example - -The argument, ~assign~, can either be a literal value, such as a -string {{{samp("string")}}} or a number {{{samp(9)}}}, or a reference -to a table, a list, a literal example, another code block (with or -without arguments), or the results of evaluating another code block. - -Here are examples of passing values by reference: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- a table named with either ~#+NAME:~ or ~#+TBLNAME:~ :: - - #+begin_example - #+TBLNAME: example-table - | 1 | - | 2 | - | 3 | - | 4 | - - #+NAME: table-length - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var table=example-table - (length table) - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: table-length - : 4 - #+end_example - -- a simple list named with ~#+NAME:~ :: - - #+begin_example - #+NAME: example-list - - simple - - not - - nested - - list - - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=example-list - (print x) - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - | simple | list | - #+end_example - - Note that nesting is not carried through to the source code block. - -- a named code block without arguments, optionally followed by parentheses :: - - #+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var length=table-length() - (* 2 length) - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - : 8 - #+end_example - -- a named code block with arguments :: - - #+begin_example - #+NAME: double - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=8 - (* 2 input) - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: double - : 16 - - #+NAME: squared - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var input=double(input=1) - (* input input) - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: squared - : 4 - #+end_example - -- a literal example block :: - - #+begin_example - ,#+NAME: literal-example - ,#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE - A literal example - on two lines - ,#+END_EXAMPLE - - ,#+NAME: read-literal-example - ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=literal-example - (concatenate 'string x " for you.") - ,#+END_SRC - - ,#+RESULTS: read-literal-example - : A literal example - : on two lines for you. - #+end_example - -# ***** Alternate argument syntax -<<Alternate argument syntax>> - -It is also possible to specify arguments in a potentially more natural -way using the ~#+NAME:~ line of a code block. As in the following -example, arguments can be packed inside of parentheses, separated by -commas, following the source name. - -#+begin_example - ,#+NAME: double(input=0, x=2) - ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp - (* 2 (+ input x)) - ,#+END_SRC -#+end_example - -# ***** Indexable variable values -<<Indexable variable values>> - -It is possible to reference portions of variable values by -/indexing/ into the variables. Indexes are 0 based with negative -values counting back from the end. If an index is separated by commas -then each subsequent section will index into the next deepest nesting -or dimension of the value. Note that this indexing occurs /before/ -other table related header arguments like ~:hlines~, ~:colnames~, and -~:rownames~ are applied. The following example assigns the last cell -of the first row the table ~example-table~ to the variable ~data~: - -#+begin_example - ,#+NAME: example-table - | 1 | a | - | 2 | b | - | 3 | c | - | 4 | d | - - ,#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[0,-1] - data - ,#+END_SRC - - ,#+RESULTS: - : a -#+end_example - -Ranges of variable values can be referenced using two integers -separated by a ~:~, in which case the entire inclusive range is -referenced. The following example assigns the middle three rows of -~example-table~ to ~data~. - -#+begin_example - #+NAME: example-table - | 1 | a | - | 2 | b | - | 3 | c | - | 4 | d | - | 5 | 3 | - - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[1:3] - data - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - | 2 | b | - | 3 | c | - | 4 | d | -#+end_example - -Additionally, an empty index, or the single character ~*~, are both -interpreted to mean the entire range and as such are equivalent to -~0:-1~, as shown in the following example in which the entire first -column is referenced: - -#+begin_example - #+NAME: example-table - | 1 | a | - | 2 | b | - | 3 | c | - | 4 | d | - - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=example-table[,0] - data - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | -#+end_example - -It is possible to index into the results of code blocks as well as -tables. Any number of dimensions can be indexed. Dimensions are -separated from one another by commas, as shown in the following -example: - -#+begin_example - #+NAME: 3D - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp - '(((1 2 3) (4 5 6) (7 8 9)) - ((10 11 12) (13 14 15) (16 17 18)) - ((19 20 21) (22 23 24) (25 26 27))) - #+END_SRC - - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var data=3D[1,,1] - data - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - | 11 | 14 | 17 | -#+end_example - -# ***** Emacs Lisp evaluation of variables -<<Emacs Lisp evaluation of variables>> - -Emacs lisp code can be used to initialize variable values. When a -variable value starts with ~(~, ~[~, ~'~ or ~`~ it will be evaluated -as Emacs Lisp and the result of the evaluation will be assigned as the -variable value. The following example demonstrates use of this -evaluation to reliably pass the file-name of the Org mode buffer to a -code block:[fn:150] - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC sh :var filename=(buffer-file-name) :exports both - wc -w $filename - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -Note that values read from tables and lists will not be evaluated as -Emacs Lisp, as shown in the following example, which contains a Lisp -list as the sole table element: - -#+begin_example - #+NAME: table - | (a b c) | - - #+HEADERS: :var data=table[0,0] - #+BEGIN_SRC perl - $data - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - : (a b c) -#+end_example - -**** results - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Specify the type of results and how they will be collected and handled - :END: -There are three classes of ~:results~ header argument. Only one option -per class may be supplied per code block. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Collection :: - - These header arguments specify how the results should be collected - from the code block. - -- Type :: - - These header arguments specify what type of result the code block will - return---which has implications for how they will be inserted into the - Org mode buffer. - -- Handling :: - - These header arguments specify how the results of evaluating the code - block should be handled. - -# ***** Collection -<<Collection>> - -The following ~:results~ options are mutually exclusive, and specify -how the results should be collected from the code block. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~value~ :: - - This is the default. The result is the value of the last statement in - the code block. This header argument places the evaluation in - functional mode. Note that in some languages, e.g., Python, use of - this result type requires that a ~return~ statement be included in the - body of the source code block. - -- ~output~ :: - - The result is the collection of everything printed to STDOUT during - the execution of the code block. This header argument places the - evaluation in scripting mode. - -# ***** Type -<<Type>> - -The following ~:results~ options are mutually exclusive and specify -what type of results the code block will return. By default, results -are inserted as either a table or scalar depending on their value. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~table~, ~vector~ :: - - The results should be interpreted as an Org mode table. If a single - value is returned, it will be converted into a table with one row and - one column. E.g., ~:results value table~. - -- ~scalar~, ~verbatim~ :: - - The results should be interpreted literally---they will not be - converted into a table. The results will be inserted into the Org mode - buffer as quoted text. E.g., ~:results value verbatim~. - -- ~list~ :: - - The results should be interpreted as an Org mode list. If a single - scalar value is returned it will be converted into a list with only - one element. - -- ~file~ :: - - The results will be interpreted as the path to a file, and will be - inserted into the Org mode buffer as a file link. E.g., ~:results - value file~. - -- ~raw~ :: - - The results are interpreted as raw Org mode code and are inserted - directly into the buffer. If the results look like a table they will - be aligned as such by Org mode. E.g., ~:results value raw~. - -- ~org~ :: - - The results are will be enclosed in a ~BEGIN_SRC org~ block. They are - not comma-escaped by default but they will be if you hit - {{{kbd(TAB)}}} in the block and/or if you export the file. E.g., - ~:results value org~. - -- ~html~ :: - - Results are assumed to be HTML and will be enclosed in a ~BEGIN_HTML~ - block. E.g., ~:results value html~. - -- ~latex~ :: - - Results assumed to be LaTeX and are enclosed in a ~BEGIN_LaTeX~ - block. E.g., ~:results value latex~. - -- ~code~ :: - - Result are assumed to be parsable code and are enclosed in a code - block. E.g., ~:results value code~. - -- ~pp~ :: - - The result is converted to pretty-printed code and is enclosed in a - code block. This option currently supports Emacs Lisp, Python, and - Ruby. E.g., ~:results value pp~. - -- ~drawer~ :: - - The result is wrapped in a RESULTS drawer. This can be useful for - inserting ~raw~ or ~org~ syntax results in such a way that their - extent is known and they can be automatically removed or replaced. - -# ***** Handling -<<Handling>> -The following ~:results~ options indicate what happens with the -results once they are collected. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~replace~ :: - - The default value. Any existing results will be removed, and the new - results will be inserted into the Org mode buffer in their place. - E.g., ~:results output replace~. - -- ~append~ :: - - If there are pre-existing results of the code block then the new - results will be appended to the existing results. Otherwise the new - results will be inserted as with ~replace~. - -- ~prepend~ :: - - If there are pre-existing results of the code block then the new - results will be prepended to the existing results. Otherwise the new - results will be inserted as with ~replace~. - -- ~silent~ :: - - The results will be echoed in the minibuffer but will not be inserted - into the Org mode buffer. E.g., ~:results output silent~. - -**** file - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Specify a path for file output - :END: - -The header argument ~:file~ is used to specify an external file in -which to save code block results. After code block evaluation an Org -mode style ~[[file:]]~ link (see [[Link format]]) to the file will be inserted -into the Org mode buffer. Some languages including R, gnuplot, dot, -and ditaa provide special handling of the ~:file~ header argument, -automatically wrapping the code block body in the boilerplate code -required to save output to the specified file. This is often useful -for saving graphical output of a code block to the specified file. - -The argument to ~:file~ should be either a string specifying the path -to a file, or a list of two strings in which case the first element of -the list should be the path to a file and the second a description for -the link. - -**** file-desc - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Specify a description for file results - :END: - -The value of the ~:file-desc~ header argument is used to provide a -description for file code block results which are inserted as Org mode -links (see [[Link format]]). If the ~:file-desc~ header argument is given -with no value the link path will be placed in both the ``link'' and -the ``description'' portion of the Org mode link. - -**** dir - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Specify the default (possibly remote) directory for code block execution - :TITLE: ~:dir~ and remote execution - :END: - -While the ~:file~ header argument can be used to specify the path to -the output file, ~:dir~ specifies the default directory during code -block execution. If it is absent, then the directory associated with -the current buffer is used. In other words, supplying ~:dir path~ -temporarily has the same effect as changing the current directory with -{{{kbd(M-x cd path)}}}, and then not supplying ~:dir~. Under the -surface, ~:dir~ simply sets the value of the Emacs variable -~default-directory~. - -When using ~:dir~, you should supply a relative path for file output -(e.g., ~:file myfile.jpg~ or ~:file results/myfile.jpg~) in which -case that path will be interpreted relative to the default directory. - -In other words, if you want your plot to go into a folder called -{{{file(Work)}}} in your home directory, you could use a code block -like the following example: - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC R :file myplot.png :dir ~/Work - matplot(matrix(rnorm(100), 10), type="l") - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -# ***** Remote execution -<<Remote execution>> - -A directory on a remote machine can be specified using tramp file -syntax, in which case the code will be evaluated on the remote -machine. An example is: - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC R :file plot.png :dir /dand@yakuba.princeton.edu: - plot(1:10, main=system("hostname", intern=TRUE)) - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -Text results will be returned to the local Org mode buffer as usual, -and file output will be created on the remote machine with relative -paths interpreted relative to the remote directory. An Org mode link -to the remote file will be created. - -So, in the above example a plot will be created on the remote machine, -and a link of the following form will be inserted in the org buffer: - -#+begin_example - [[file:/scp:dand@yakuba.princeton.edu:/home/dand/plot.png][plot.png]] -#+end_example - -Most of this functionality follows immediately from the fact that -~:dir~ sets the value of the Emacs variable ~default-directory~, -thanks to tramp. Those using XEmacs, or GNU Emacs prior to version 23 -may need to install tramp separately in order for these features to -work correctly. - -# ***** Further points -<<Further points>> -Please be aware of these further points: - -- If ~:dir~ is used in conjunction with ~:session~, although it will - determine the starting directory for a new session as expected, no - attempt is currently made to alter the directory associated with an - existing session. - -- ~:dir~ should typically not be used to create files during export - with ~:exports results~ or ~:exports both~. The reason is that, in - order to retain portability of exported material between machines, - during export links inserted into the buffer will /not/ be expanded - against ~default directory~. Therefore, if ~default-directory~ is - altered using ~:dir~, it is probable that the file will be created - in a location to which the link does not point. - -**** exports - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Export code and/or results - :END: -The ~:exports~ header argument specifies what should be included in HTML -or LaTeX exports of the Org mode file. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~code~ :: - - The default. The body of code is included into the exported file. - E.g., ~:exports code~. - -- ~results~ :: - - The result of evaluating the code is included in the exported file. - E.g., ~:exports results~. - -- ~both~ :: - - Both the code and results are included in the exported file. E.g., - ~:exports both~. - -- ~none~ :: - - Nothing is included in the exported file. E.g., ~:exports none~. - -**** tangle - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Toggle tangling and specify file name - :END: - -The ~:tangle~ header argument specifies whether or not the code -block should be included in tangled extraction of source code files. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~tangle~ :: - - The code block is exported to a source code file named after the full - path (including the directory) and file name (w/o extension) of the - Org mode file. E.g., ~:tangle yes~. - -- ~no~ :: - - The default. The code block is not exported to a source code file. - E.g., ~:tangle no~. - -- other :: - - Any other string passed to the ~:tangle~ header argument is - interpreted as a path (directory and file name relative to the - directory of the Org mode file) to which the block will be exported, - e.g., ~:tangle path~. - -**** mkdirp -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Toggle creation of parent directories of target files during tangling -:END: - -The ~:mkdirp~ header argument can be used to create parent directories -of tangled files when missing. This can be set to ~yes~ to enable -directory creation or to ~no~ to inhibit directory creation. - -**** comments -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Toggle insertion of comments in tangled code files -:END: - -By default code blocks are tangled to source-code files without any -insertion of comments beyond those which may already exist in the body -of the code block. The ~:comments~ header argument can be set as -follows to control the insertion of extra comments into the tangled -code file. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~no~ :: - - The default. No extra comments are inserted during tangling. - -- ~link~ :: - - The code block is wrapped in comments which contain pointers back to - the original Org file from which the code was tangled. - -- ~yes~ :: - - A synonym for ``link'' to maintain backwards compatibility. - -- ~org~ :: - - Include text from the Org mode file as a comment. - - The text is picked from the leading context of the tangled code and is - limited by the nearest headline or source block as the case may be. - -- ~both~ :: - - Turns on both the ``link'' and ``org'' comment options. - -- ~noweb~ :: - - Turns on the ``link'' comment option, and additionally wraps expanded - noweb references in the code block body in link comments. - -**** padline -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Control insertion of padding lines in tangle code files -:END: - -Control in insertion of padding lines around code block bodies in tangled -code files. The default value is ~yes~ which results in insertion of -newlines before and after each tangled code block. The following arguments -are accepted: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~yes~ :: - - Insert newlines before and after each code block body in tangled code - files. - -- ~no~ :: - - Do not insert any newline padding in tangled output. - -**** no-expand -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Turn off variable assignment and noweb expansion during tangling -:END: - -By default, code blocks are expanded with ~org-babel-expand-src-block~ -during tangling. This has the effect of assigning values to variables -specified with ~:var~ (see [[var]]), and of replacing ``noweb'' references -(see [[Noweb reference syntax]]) with their targets. The ~:no-expand~ -header argument can be used to turn off this behavior. - -**** session -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Preserve state of code evaluation -:END: - -The ~:session~ header argument starts a session for an interpreted -language where state is preserved. - -By default, a session is not started. - -A string passed to the ~:session~ header argument will give the -session a name. This makes it possible to run concurrent sessions for -each interpreted language. - -**** noweb -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Toggle expansion of noweb references -:END: - -The ~:noweb~ header argument controls expansion of ``noweb'' syntax -references (see [[Noweb reference syntax]]) when the code block is -evaluated, tangled, or exported. The ~:noweb~ header argument can have -one of the five values: ~no~, ~yes~, ~tangle~, ~no-export~, or -~strip-export~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~no~ :: - - The default. ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code block - will not be expanded before the code block is evaluated, tangled or - exported. - -- ~yes~ :: - - ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code block will be - expanded before the code block is evaluated, tangled or exported. - -- ~tangle~ :: - - ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code block will be - expanded before the code block is tangled. However, ``noweb'' syntax - references will not be expanded when the code block is evaluated or - exported. - -- ~no-export~ :: - - ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code block will be - expanded before the block is evaluated or tangled. However, ``noweb'' - syntax references will not be expanded when the code block is - exported. - -- ~strip-export~ :: - - ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code block will be - expanded before the block is evaluated or tangled. However, ``noweb'' - syntax references will not be removed when the code block is exported. - -- ~eval~ :: - - ``Noweb'' syntax references in the body of the code block will only be - expanded before the block is evaluated. - -# ***** Noweb prefix lines -<<Noweb prefix lines>> - -Noweb insertions are placed behind the line prefix of the -~<<reference>>~. Because the ~<<example>>~ noweb reference appears -behind the SQL comment syntax in the following example, each line of -the expanded noweb reference will be commented. - -This code block: - -#+begin_example - -- <<example>> -#+end_example - - -expands to: - -#+begin_example - -- this is the - -- multi-line body of example -#+end_example - -Note that noweb replacement text that does not contain any newlines -will not be inserted behind the line prefix, so it is always possible -to use inline noweb references. - -**** noweb-ref -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Specify block's noweb reference resolution target -:END: - -When expanding ``noweb'' style references the bodies of all code block -with /either/ a block name matching the reference name /or/ a -~:noweb-ref~ header argument matching the reference name will be -concatenated together to form the replacement text. - -By setting this header argument at the sub-tree or file level, simple code -block concatenation may be achieved. For example, when tangling the -following Org mode file, the bodies of code blocks will be concatenated into -the resulting pure code file.[fn:151] - -#+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle yes :noweb yes :shebang #!/bin/sh - <<fullest-disk>> - #+END_SRC - ,* the mount point of the fullest disk - :PROPERTIES: - :noweb-ref: fullest-disk - :END: - - ,** query all mounted disks - #+BEGIN_SRC sh - df \ - #+END_SRC - - ,** strip the header row - #+BEGIN_SRC sh - |sed '1d' \ - #+END_SRC - - ,** sort by the percent full - #+BEGIN_SRC sh - |awk '@{print $5 " " $6@}'|sort -n |tail -1 \ - #+END_SRC - - ,** extract the mount point - #+BEGIN_SRC sh - |awk '@{print $2@}' - #+END_SRC -#+end_example - -The ~:noweb-sep~ (see [[noweb-sep]]) header argument holds the string used -to separate accumulate noweb references like those above. By default a -newline is used. - -**** noweb-sep -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: String used to separate noweb references -:END: - -The ~:noweb-sep~ header argument holds the string used to separate -accumulated noweb references (see [[noweb-ref]]). By default a newline is -used. - -**** cache -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Avoid re-evaluating unchanged code blocks -:END: - -The ~:cache~ header argument controls the use of in-buffer caching of -the results of evaluating code blocks. It can be used to avoid -re-evaluating unchanged code blocks. Note that the ~:cache~ header -argument will not attempt to cache results when the ~:session~ header -argument is used, because the results of the code block execution may -be stored in the session outside of the Org mode buffer. The ~:cache~ -header argument can have one of two values: ~yes~ or ~no~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~no~ :: - - The default. No caching takes place, and the code block will be - evaluated every time it is called. - -- ~yes~ :: - - Every time the code block is run a SHA1 hash of the code and arguments - passed to the block will be generated. This hash is packed into the - ~#+RESULTS:~ line and will be checked on subsequent executions of the - code block. If the code block has not changed since the last time it - was evaluated, it will not be re-evaluated. - - -Code block caches notice if the value of a variable argument -to the code block has changed. If this is the case, the cache is -invalidated and the code block is re-run. In the following example, -~caller~ will not be re-run unless the results of ~random~ have -changed since it was last run. - -#+begin_example - #+NAME: random - #+BEGIN_SRC R :cache yes - runif(1) - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS[a2a72cd647ad44515fab62e144796432793d68e1]: random - 0.4659510825295 - - #+NAME: caller - #+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :var x=random :cache yes - x - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS[bec9c8724e397d5df3b696502df3ed7892fc4f5f]: caller - 0.254227238707244 -#+end_example - -**** sep -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Delimiter for writing tabular results outside Org -:END: -#+kindex: C-c C-o - -The ~:sep~ header argument can be used to control the delimiter used -when writing tabular results out to files external to Org mode. This -is used either when opening tabular results of a code block by calling -the ~org-open-at-point~ function bound to {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} on the -code block, or when writing code block results to an external file -(see [[file]]) header argument. - -By default, when ~:sep~ is not specified output tables are tab -delimited. - -**** hlines -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Handle horizontal lines in tables -:END: - -Tables are frequently represented with one or more horizontal lines, -or hlines. The ~:hlines~ argument to a code block accepts the values -~yes~ or ~no~, with a default value of ~no~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~no~ :: - - Strips horizontal lines from the input table. In most languages this - is the desired effect because an ~hline~ symbol is interpreted as an - unbound variable and raises an error. Setting ~:hlines no~ or relying - on the default value yields the following results. - - #+begin_example - #+TBLNAME: many-cols - | a | b | c | - |---+---+---| - | d | e | f | - |---+---+---| - | g | h | i | - - #+NAME: echo-table - #+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols - return tab - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: echo-table - | a | b | c | - | d | e | f | - | g | h | i | - #+end_example - -- ~yes~ :: - - Leaves hlines in the table. Setting ~:hlines yes~ has this effect. - - #+begin_example - #+TBLNAME: many-cols - | a | b | c | - |---+---+---| - | d | e | f | - |---+---+---| - | g | h | i | - - #+NAME: echo-table - #+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=many-cols :hlines yes - return tab - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: echo-table - | a | b | c | - |---+---+---| - | d | e | f | - |---+---+---| - | g | h | i | - #+end_example - -**** colnames -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Handle column names in tables -:END: - -The ~:colnames~ header argument accepts the values ~yes~, ~no~, or -~nil~ for unassigned. The default value is ~nil~. Note that the -behavior of the ~:colnames~ header argument may differ across -languages. For example Emacs Lisp code blocks ignore the ~:colnames~ -header argument entirely given the ease with which tables with column -names may be handled directly in Emacs Lisp. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~nil~ :: - - If an input table looks like it has column names (because its second - row is an hline), then the column names will be removed from the table - before processing, then reapplied to the results. - - #+begin_example - #+TBLNAME: less-cols - | a | - |---| - | b | - | c | - - #+NAME: echo-table-again - #+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=less-cols - return [[val + '*' for val in row] for row in tab] - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: echo-table-again - | a | - |----| - | b* | - | c* | - #+end_example - - Please note that column names are not removed before the table is - indexed using variable indexing. See [[Indexable variable values]]. - -- ~no~ :: - - No column name pre-processing takes place - -- ~yes~ :: - - Column names are removed and reapplied as with ~nil~ even if the table - does not ``look like'' it has column names (i.e., the second row is - not an hline). - -**** rownames -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Handle row names in tables -:END: - -The ~:rownames~ header argument can take on the values ~yes~ -or ~no~, with a default value of ~no~. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~no~ :: - - No row name pre-processing will take place. - -- ~yes~ :: - - The first column of the table is removed from the table before - processing, and is then reapplied to the results. - - #+begin_example - #+TBLNAME: with-rownames - | one | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | - | two | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | - - #+NAME: echo-table-once-again - #+BEGIN_SRC python :var tab=with-rownames :rownames yes - return [[val + 10 for val in row] for row in tab] - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: echo-table-once-again - | one | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | - | two | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | - #+end_example - - Please note that row names are not removed before the table is indexed - using variable indexing. See [[Indexable variable values]]. - -**** shebang -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Make tangles files executable -:END: - -Setting the ~:shebang~ header argument to a string value (e.g., -{{{samp(:shebang "#!/bin/bash")}}}) causes the string to be inserted as the -first line of any tangled file holding the code block, and the file -permissions of the tangled file are set to make it executable. - -**** eval -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Limit evaluation of specific code blocks -:END: - -The ~:eval~ header argument can be used to limit the evaluation of -specific code blocks. The ~:eval~ header argument can be useful for -protecting against the evaluation of dangerous code blocks or to -ensure that evaluation will require a query regardless of the value of -the ~org-confirm-babel-evaluate~ variable. The possible values of -~:eval~ and their effects are shown below. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~never~ or ~no~ :: - - The code block will not be evaluated under any circumstances. - -- ~query~ :: - - Evaluation of the code block will require an affirmative answer to a - query. - -- ~never-export~ or ~no-export~ :: - - The code block will not be evaluated during export but may still be - called interactively. - -- ~query-export~ :: - - Evaluation of the code block during export will require an affirmative - answer to a query. - - -If this header argument is not set then evaluation is determined by the value -of the ~org-confirm-babel-evaluate~ variable (see [[Code evaluation -security]]). - -**** wrap -:PROPERTIES: -:DESCRIPTION: Mark source block evaluation results -:END: - -The ~:wrap~ header argument is used to mark the results of source -block evaluation. The header argument can be passed a string that will -be appended to ~#+BEGIN_~ and ~#+END_~, which will then be used to -wrap the results. If no string is specified then the results will be -wrapped in a ~#+BEGIN/END_RESULTS~ block. - -** Results of evaluation - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How evaluation results are handled - :END: -#+cindex: code block, results of evaluation -#+cindex: source code, results of evaluation - -The way in which results are handled depends on whether a session is -invoked, as well as on whether ~:results value~ or ~:results output~ -is used. The following table shows the table possibilities. For a full -listing of the possible results header arguments, see [[results]]. - -| | *Non-session* | *Session* | -|-------------------+--------------------------+-------------------------------------| -| ~:results value~ | value of last expression | value of last expression | -| ~:results output~ | contents of STDOUT | concatenation of interpreter output | - - -Please note that with ~:results value~, the result in both ~:session~ -and non-session is returned to Org mode as a table (a one- or -two-dimensional vector of strings or numbers) when appropriate. - -*** Non-session - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:results value~ :: - - This is the default. Internally, the value is obtained by wrapping the - code in a function definition in the external language, and evaluating - that function. Therefore, code should be written as if it were the - body of such a function. In particular, note that Python does not - automatically return a value from a function unless a ~return~ - statement is present, and so a {{{samp(return)}}} statement will - usually be required in Python. - - This is the only one of the four evaluation contexts in which the code - is automatically wrapped in a function definition. - -- ~:results output~ :: - - The code is passed to the interpreter as an external process, and the - contents of the standard output stream are returned as text.[fn:152] - -*** Session - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:results value~ :: - - The code is passed to an interpreter running as an interactive Emacs - inferior process. Only languages which provide tools for interactive - evaluation of code have session support, so some language (e.g., C and - ditaa) do not support the ~:session~ header argument, and in other - languages (e.g., Python and Haskell) which have limitations on the - code which may be entered into interactive sessions, those limitations - apply to the code in code blocks using the ~:session~ header argument - as well. - - Unless the ~:results output~ option is supplied (see below) the result - returned is the result of the last evaluation performed by the - interpreter.[fn:153] - -- ~:results output~ :: - - The code is passed to the interpreter running as an interactive Emacs - inferior process. The result returned is the concatenation of the - sequence of (text) output from the interactive interpreter. Notice - that this is not necessarily the same as what would be sent to - ~STDOUT~ if the same code were passed to a non-interactive interpreter - running as an external process. Compare the following two - examples: - - #+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC python :results output - print "hello" - 2 - print "bye" - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - : hello - : bye - #+end_example - - In non-session mode, the `2' is not printed and does not appear. - - #+begin_example - #+BEGIN_SRC python :results output :session - print "hello" - 2 - print "bye" - #+END_SRC - - #+RESULTS: - : hello - : 2 - : bye - #+end_example - - But in ~:session~ mode, the interactive interpreter receives input `2' - and prints out its value, `2'. (Indeed, the other print statements are - unnecessary here). - -** Noweb reference syntax - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Literate programming in Org mode - :END: -#+cindex: code block, noweb reference -#+cindex: syntax, noweb -#+cindex: source code, noweb reference - -The ``noweb'' (see [[http://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/noweb/]]) Literate -Programming system allows named blocks of code to be referenced using -the familiar Noweb syntax: - -#+begin_example - <<code-block-name>> -#+end_example - -When a code block is tangled or evaluated, whether or not ``noweb'' -references are expanded depends upon the value of the ~:noweb~ header -argument. If ~:noweb yes~, then a Noweb reference is expanded before -evaluation. If ~:noweb no~, the default, then the reference is not -expanded before evaluation. See the [[noweb-ref]] header argument for a -more flexible way to resolve noweb references. - -It is possible to include the /results/ of a code block rather than -the body. This is done by appending parenthesis to the code block -name, which may optionally contain arguments to the code block as -shown below. - -#+begin_example - <<code-block-name(optional arguments)>> -#+end_example - -Note that the default value, ~:noweb no~, was chosen to ensure that -correct code is not broken in a language, such as Ruby, where -~<<arg>>~ is a syntactically valid construct. If ~<<arg>>~ is not -syntactically valid in languages that you use, then please consider -setting the default value. - -If noweb tangling is slow in large Org mode files, consider -setting the ~*org-babel-use-quick-and-dirty-noweb-expansion*~ variable -to true. This will result in faster noweb reference resolution at the -expense of not correctly resolving inherited values of the -~:noweb-ref~ header argument. - -** Key bindings and useful functions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Work quickly with code blocks - :END: -#+cindex: code block, key bindings - -Many common Org mode key sequences are re-bound depending on -the context. - -Within a code block, the following key bindings -are active: -#+kindex: C-c C-c -#+kindex: C-c C-o -#+kindex: C-up -#+kindex: M-down - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.55 -| Key binding | Function | -|-----------------------+-----------------------------------| -| {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-src-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-o)}}} | ~org-babel-open-src-block-result~ | -| {{{kbdkey(C-,up)}}} | ~org-babel-load-in-session~ | -| {{{kbdkey(M-,down)}}} | ~org-babel-pop-to-session~ | - - -In an Org mode buffer, the following key bindings are active: - -#+kindex: C-c C-v p -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-p -#+kindex: C-c C-v n -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-n -#+kindex: C-c C-v e -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-e -#+kindex: C-c C-v o -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-o -#+kindex: C-c C-v v -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-v -#+kindex: C-c C-v u -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-u -#+kindex: C-c C-v g -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-g -#+kindex: C-c C-v r -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-r -#+kindex: C-c C-v b -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-b -#+kindex: C-c C-v s -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-s -#+kindex: C-c C-v d -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-d -#+kindex: C-c C-v t -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-t -#+kindex: C-c C-v f -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-f -#+kindex: C-c C-v c -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-c -#+kindex: C-c C-v j -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-j -#+kindex: C-c C-v l -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-l -#+kindex: C-c C-v i -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-i -#+kindex: C-c C-v I -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-I -#+kindex: C-c C-v z -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-z -#+kindex: C-c C-v a -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-a -#+kindex: C-c C-v h -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-h -#+kindex: C-c C-v x -#+kindex: C-c C-v C-x - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.4 0.6 -| Key binding | Function | -|------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------| -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v p)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-p)}}} | ~org-babel-previous-src-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v n)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-n)}}} | ~org-babel-next-src-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v e)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-e)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-maybe~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v o)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-o)}}} | ~org-babel-open-src-block-result~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v v)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-v)}}} | ~org-babel-expand-src-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v u)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-u)}}} | ~org-babel-goto-src-block-head~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v g)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-g)}}} | ~org-babel-goto-named-src-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v r)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-r)}}} | ~org-babel-goto-named-result~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v b)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-b)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-buffer~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v s)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-s)}}} | ~org-babel-execute-subtree~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v d)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-d)}}} | ~org-babel-demarcate-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v t)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-t)}}} | ~org-babel-tangle~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v f)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-f)}}} | ~org-babel-tangle-file~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v c)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-c)}}} | ~org-babel-check-src-block~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v j)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-j)}}} | ~org-babel-insert-header-arg~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v l)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-l)}}} | ~org-babel-load-in-session~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v i)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-i)}}} | ~org-babel-lob-ingest~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v I)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-I)}}} | ~org-babel-view-src-block-info~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v z)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-z)}}} | ~org-babel-switch-to-session-with-code~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v a)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-a)}}} | ~org-babel-sha1-hash~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v h)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-h)}}} | ~org-babel-describe-bindings~ | -| {{{kbd(C-c C-v x)}}} or {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-x)}}} | ~org-babel-do-key-sequence-in-edit-buffer~ | - - -# When possible these keybindings were extended to work when the control key is -# kept pressed, resulting in the following additional keybindings. - -# @multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75 -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-a)}}} @tab ~org-babel-sha1-hash~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-b)}}} @tab ~org-babel-execute-buffer~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-f)}}} @tab ~org-babel-tangle-file~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-l)}}} @tab ~org-babel-lob-ingest~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-p)}}} @tab ~org-babel-expand-src-block~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-s)}}} @tab ~org-babel-execute-subtree~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-t)}}} @tab ~org-babel-tangle~ -# - {{{kbd(C-c C-v C-z)}}} @tab ~org-babel-switch-to-session~ -# @end multitable - -** Batch execution - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Call functions from the command line - :END: -#+cindex: code block, batch execution -#+cindex: source code, batch execution - -It is possible to call functions from the command line. This shell -script calls ~org-babel-tangle~ on every one of its arguments. - -Be sure to adjust the paths to fit your system. - -#+begin_example - #!/bin/sh - # -*- mode: shell-script -*- - # - # tangle files with org-mode - # - DIR=`pwd` - FILES="" - - # wrap each argument in the code required to call tangle on it - for i in $@; do - FILES="$FILES \"$i\"" - done - - emacs -Q --batch \ - --eval "(progn - (add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name \"~/src/org/lisp/\")) - (add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name \"~/src/org/contrib/lisp/\" t)) - (require 'org)(require 'org-exp)(require 'ob)(require 'ob-tangle) - (mapc (lambda (file) - (find-file (expand-file-name file \"$DIR\")) - (org-babel-tangle) - (kill-buffer)) '($FILES)))" 2>&1 |grep tangled -#+end_example - -* FIXME Miscellaneous - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere - :END: - -** FIXME Completion - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: M-TAB knows what you need - :END: -#+cindex: completion, of @TeX{} symbols -#+cindex: completion, of TODO keywords -#+cindex: completion, of dictionary words -#+cindex: completion, of option keywords -#+cindex: completion, of tags -#+cindex: completion, of property keys -#+cindex: completion, of link abbreviations -#+cindex: @TeX{} symbol completion -#+cindex: TODO keywords completion -#+cindex: dictionary word completion -#+cindex: option keyword completion -#+cindex: tag completion -#+cindex: link abbreviations, completion of - -Emacs would not be Emacs without completion, and Org mode uses it -whenever it makes sense. If you prefer an iswitchb- or ido-like -interface for some of the completion prompts, you can specify your -preference by setting at most one of the variables -~org-completion-use-iswitchb~ or ~org-completion-use-ido~. - -Org supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does not -make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into the -buffer and use the {{{key(TAB)}}} key to complete text right there. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}} :: - #+kindex: M-@key{TAB} - - Complete word at point. - - - At the beginning of a headline :: - - Complete TODO keywords. - - - After {{{kbd(XXX)}}} :: - # Should be \ - Complete TeX symbols supported by the exporter. - - - After {{{samp(*)}}} :: - - Complete headlines in the current buffer so that they can be used in - search links like: - - #+begin_example - [[*find this headline]] - #+end_example - - - After {{{samp(:)}}} in a headline :: - - Complete tags. The list of tags is taken from the variable - ~org-tag-alist~ (possibly set through the {{{samp(#+TAGS)}}} in-buffer - option, see [[Setting tags]]), or it is created dynamically from all tags - used in the current buffer. - - - After {{{samp(:)}}} and not in a headline :: - - Complete property keys. The list of keys is constructed dynamically - from all keys used in the current buffer. - - - After {{{samp([)}}} :: - - Complete link abbreviations (see [[Link abbreviations]]). - - - After {{{samp(#+)}}} :: - - Complete the special keywords like {{{samp(TYP_TODO)}}} or - {{{samp(OPTIONS)}}} which set file-specific options for Org mode. When - the option keyword is already complete, pressing {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}} - again will insert example settings for this keyword. - - - In the line after {{{samp(#+STARTUP: )}}} :: - - Complete startup keywords, i.e., valid keys for this line. - - - Elsewhere :: - - Complete dictionary words using Ispell. - -** Easy templates - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Quick insertion of structural elements - :END: -#+cindex: template insertion -#+cindex: insertion, of templates - -Org mode supports insertion of empty structural elements (like -~#+BEGIN_SRC~ and ~#+END_SRC~ pairs) with just a few key strokes. This -is achieved through a native template expansion mechanism. Note that -Emacs has several other template mechanisms which could be used in a -similar way, for example {{{file(yasnippet)}}}. - -To insert a structural element, type a {{{kbd(<)}}}, followed by a -template selector and {{{kbdkey(,TAB)}}}. Completion takes effect only -when the above keystrokes are typed on a line by itself. - -The following template selectors are currently supported: -#+kindex: s -#+kindex: e -#+kindex: q -#+kindex: v -#+kindex: c -#+kindex: l -#+kindex: L -#+kindex: h -#+kindex: H -#+kindex: a -#+kindex: A -#+kindex: i -#+kindex: I - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.7 -| Selector | Template | -|--------------+---------------------------------------| -| {{{kbd(a)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_ASCII~ ...~ #+END_ASCII~ | -| {{{kbd(A)}}} | ~#+ASCII:~ | -| {{{kbd(c)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_CENTER~ ... ~#+END_CENTER~ | -| {{{kbd(e)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_EXAMPLE~ ... ~#+END_EXAMPLE~ | -| {{{kbd(h)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_HTML~ ... ~#+END_HTML~ | -| {{{kbd(H)}}} | ~#+HTML:~ | -| {{{kbd(i)}}} | ~#+INDEX:~ | -| {{{kbd(I)}}} | ~#+INCLUDE:~ | -| {{{kbd(l)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_LaTeX~ ... ~#+END_LaTeX~ | -| {{{kbd(L)}}} | ~#+LaTeX:~ | -| {{{kbd(q)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_QUOTE~ ... ~#+END_QUOTE~ | -| {{{kbd(s)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_SRC~ ... ~#+END_SRC~ | -| {{{kbd(v)}}} | ~#+BEGIN_VERSE~ ... ~#+END_VERSE~ | - -For example, on an empty line, typing "<e" and then pressing TAB, will expand -into a complete EXAMPLE template. - -You can install additional templates by customizing the variable -~org-structure-template-alist~. See the docstring of the variable for -additional details. - -** Speed keys - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Electric commands at the beginning of a headline - :END: -#+cindex: speed keys -#+vindex: org-use-speed-commands -#+vindex: org-speed-commands-user - -Single keys can be made to execute commands when the cursor is at the -beginning of a headline, i.e., before the first star. Configure the -variable ~org-use-speed-commands~ to activate this feature. There is a -pre-defined list of commands, and you can add more such commands using -the variable ~org-speed-commands-user~. Speed keys do not only speed -up navigation and other commands, but they also provide an alternative -way to execute commands bound to keys that are not or not easily -available on a TTY, or on a small mobile device with a limited -keyboard. - -To see which commands are available, activate the feature and press -{{{kbd(?)}}} with the cursor at the beginning of a headline. - -** Code evaluation security - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Org mode files evaluate in-line code - :TITLE: Code evaluation and security issues - :END: - -Org provides tools to work with the code snippets, including -evaluating them. - -Running code on your machine always comes with a security risk. Badly -written or malicious code can be executed on purpose or by accident. -Org has default settings that will only evaluate source code if you -give explicit permission to do so, and as a casual user of these -features you should leave these precautions intact. - -For people who regularly work with source code, the confirmation -prompts can become annoying, and you might want to turn them off. This -can be done, but you must be aware of the risks that are involved. - -Code evaluation can happen under the following circumstances: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Source code blocks :: - - Source code blocks can be evaluated during export, or when pressing - {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} in the block. The most important thing to realize - here is that Org mode files which contain code snippets are, in a - certain sense, like executable files. So you should accept them and - load them into Emacs only from trusted sources---just like you would - do with a program you install on your computer. - - Make sure you know what you are doing before customizing the variables - that take off the default security brakes. - - - ~org-confirm-babel-evaluate~ :: - - When ~t~ (the default), the user is asked before every code block - evaluation. When ~nil~, the user is not asked. When set to a function, - it is called with two arguments (language and body of the code block) - and should return ~t~ to ask and ~nil~ not to ask. - - For example, here is how to execute "ditaa" code (which is considered - safe) without asking: - - #+header: :eval no - #+header: :exports code - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (defun my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate (lang body) - (not (string= lang "ditaa"))) ; don't ask for ditaa - (setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate 'my-org-confirm-babel-evaluate) - #+end_src - -- Following ~shell~ and ~elisp~ links :: - - Org has two link types that can directly evaluate code (see [[External - links]]). These links can be problematic because the code to be - evaluated is not visible. - - - ~org-confirm-shell-link-function~ :: - - Function to queries user about shell link execution. - - - ~org-confirm-elisp-link-function~ :: - - Function to query user for Emacs Lisp link execution. - -- Formulas in tables :: - - Formulas in tables (see [[The spreadsheet]]) are code that is evaluated - either by the /calc/ interpreter, or by the /Emacs Lisp/ interpreter. - -** Customization - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Adapting Org to your taste - :END: -#+cindex: customization -#+cindex: options, for customization -#+cindex: variables, for customization - -There are more than 500 variables that can be used to customize Org. -For the sake of compactness of the manual, I am not describing the -variables here. A structured overview of customization variables is -available with {{{kbd(M-x org-customize)}}}. Or select ~Browse Org -Group~ from the ~Org->Customization~ menu. Many settings can also be -activated on a per-file basis, by putting special lines into the -buffer (see [[In-buffer settings]]). - -** In-buffer settings - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS - :TITLE: Summary of in-buffer settings - :END: -#+cindex: in-buffer settings -#+cindex: special keywords - -Org mode uses special lines in the buffer to define settings on a -per-file basis. These lines start with a {{{samp(#+)}}} followed by a -keyword, a colon, and then individual words defining a setting. -Several setting words can be in the same line, but you can also have -multiple lines for the keyword. While these settings are described -throughout the manual, here is a summary. After changing any of those -lines in the buffer, press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the cursor still in -the line to activate the changes immediately. Otherwise they become -effective only when the file is visited again in a new Emacs session. - -#+vindex: org-archive-location -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(#+ARCHIVE: %s_done)}}} :: - - This line sets the archive location for the agenda file. It applies to - all subsequent lines, until the next {{{samp(#+ARCHIVE)}}} line or the - end of the file. The first such line also applies to any entries - before it. The corresponding variable is ~org-archive-location~. - -- {{{kbd(#+CATEGORY:)}}} :: - - This line sets the category for the agenda file. The category applies - to all subsequent lines, until the next {{{samp(#+CATEGORY)}}} line or - the end of the file. The first such line also applies to any entries - before it. - -- {{{kbd(#+COLUMNS: %25ITEM ...)}}} :: - #+cindex: property, COLUMNS - - Set the default format for columns view. This format applies when - columns view is invoked in locations where no ~COLUMNS~ property - applies. - -- {{{kbd(#+CONSTANTS: name1=value1 ...)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-table-formula-constants - #+vindex: org-table-formula - - Set file-local values for constants to be used in table formulas. This - line sets the local variable ~org-table-formula-constants-local~. The - global version of this variable is ~org-table-formula-constants~. - -- {{{kbd(#+FILETAGS: :tag1:tag2:tag3:)}}} :: - - Set tags that can be inherited by any entry in the file, including the - top-level entries. - -- {{{kbd(#+DRAWERS: NAME1 ...)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-drawers - - Set the file-local set of additional drawers. The corresponding global - variable is ~org-drawers~. - -- {{{kbd(#+LINK: linkword replace)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-link-abbrev-alist - - These lines (several are allowed) specify link abbreviations. See - [[Link abbreviations]]. The corresponding variable is ~org-link-abbrev-alist~. - -- {{{kbd(#+PRIORITIES: highest lowest default)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-highest-priority - #+vindex: org-lowest-priority - #+vindex: org-default-priority - - This line sets the limits and the default for the priorities. All - three must be either letters A-Z or numbers 0-9. The highest priority - must have a lower ASCII number than the lowest priority. - -- {{{kbd(#+PROPERTY: Property_Name Value)}}} :: - - This line sets a default inheritance value for entries in the current - buffer, most useful for specifying the allowed values of a property. - -- {{{kbd(#+SETUPFILE: file)}}} :: - #+cindex: #+SETUPFILE - - This line defines a file that holds more in-buffer setup. Normally - this is entirely ignored. Only when the buffer is parsed for - option-setting lines (i.e., when starting Org mode for a file, when - pressing {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} in a settings line, or when exporting), - then the contents of this file are parsed as if they had been included - in the buffer. In particular, the file can be any other Org mode file - with internal setup. You can visit the file the cursor is in the line - with {{{kbd(C-c ')}}}. - -- {{{kbd(#+STARTUP:)}}} :: - #+cindex: #+STARTUP: - - This line sets options to be used at startup of Org mode, when an - Org file is being visited. - - The first set of options deals with the initial visibility of the - outline tree. The corresponding variable for global default settings - is ~org-startup-folded~, with a default value ~t~, which means - ~overview~. - - #+vindex: org-startup-folded - #+cindex: @code{overview}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{content}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{showall}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{showeverything}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~overview~ :: top-level headlines only - - ~content~ :: all headlines - - ~showall~ :: no folding of any entries - - ~showeverything~ :: show even drawer contents - - #+vindex: org-startup-indented - #+cindex: @code{indent}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{noindent}, STARTUP keyword - - Dynamic virtual indentation is controlled by the variable - ~org-startup-indented~.[fn:182] - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~indent~ :: start with ~org-indent-mode~ turned on - - ~noindent~ :: start with ~org-indent-mode~ turned off - - #+vindex: org-startup-align-all-tables - - Then there are options for aligning tables upon visiting a file. This - is useful in files containing narrowed table columns. The corresponding - variable is ~org-startup-align-all-tables~, with a default value - ~nil~. - - #+cindex: @code{align}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{noalign}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~align~ :: align all tables - - ~noalign~ :: don't align tables on startup - - #+vindex: org-startup-with-inline-images - - When visiting a file, inline images can be automatically displayed. - The corresponding variable is ~org-startup-with-inline-images~, with a - default value ~nil~ to avoid delays when visiting a file. - - #+cindex: @code{inlineimages}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{noinlineimages}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~inlineimages~ show inline images - - ~noinlineimages~ don't show inline images on startup - - #+vindex: org-log-done - #+vindex: org-log-note-clock-out - #+vindex: org-log-repeat - - Logging the closing and reopening of TODO items and clock intervals - can be configured using these options (see variables ~org-log-done~, - ~org-log-note-clock-out~, and ~org-log-repeat~). - - #+cindex: @code{logdone}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{lognotedone}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nologdone}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{lognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nolognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{logrepeat}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{lognoterepeat}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nologrepeat}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{logreschedule}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{lognotereschedule}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nologreschedule}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{logredeadline}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{lognoteredeadline}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nologredeadline}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{logrefile}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{lognoterefile}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nologrefile}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~logdone~ :: record a timestamp when an item is marked DONE - - ~lognotedone~ :: record timestamp and a note when DONE - - ~nologdone~ :: don't record when items are marked DONE - - ~logrepeat~ :: record a time when reinstating a repeating item - - ~lognoterepeat~ :: record a note when reinstating a repeating item - - ~nologrepeat~ :: do not record when reinstating repeating item - - ~lognoteclock-out~ :: record a note when clocking out - - ~nolognoteclock-out~ :: don't record a note when clocking out - - ~logreschedule~ :: record a timestamp when scheduling time changes - - ~lognotereschedule~ :: record a note when scheduling time changes - - ~nologreschedule~ :: do not record when a scheduling date changes - - ~logredeadline~ :: record a timestamp when deadline changes - - ~lognoteredeadline~ :: record a note when deadline changes - - ~nologredeadline~ :: do not record when a deadline date changes - - ~logrefile~ :: record a timestamp when refiling - - ~lognoterefile~ :: record a note when refiling - - ~nologrefile~ :: do not record when refiling - - #+vindex: org-hide-leading-stars - #+vindex: org-odd-levels-only - - Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline headings, and - for indenting outlines. The corresponding variables are - ~org-hide-leading-stars~ and ~org-odd-levels-only~, both with a - default setting ~nil~ (meaning ~showstars~ and ~oddeven~). - - #+cindex: @code{hidestars}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{showstars}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{odd}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{even}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~hidestars~ :: make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible. - - ~showstars~ :: show all stars starting a headline - - ~indent~ :: virtual indentation according to outline level - - ~noindent~ :: no virtual indentation according to outline level - - ~odd~ :: allow only odd outline levels (1, 3, ...) - - ~oddeven~ :: allow all outline levels - - #+vindex: org-put-time-stamp-overlays - #+vindex: org-time-stamp-overlay-formats - - To turn on custom format overlays over timestamps (variables - ~org-put-time-stamp-overlays~ and ~org-time-stamp-overlay-formats~), - use: - - #+cindex: @code{customtime}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~customtime~ :: overlay custom time format - - #+vindex: constants-unit-system - - The following options influence the table spreadsheet (variable - ~constants-unit-system~). - - #+cindex: @code{constcgs}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{constSI}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~constcgs~ :: {{{file(constants.el)}}} should use the c-g-s unit system - - ~constSI~ :: {{{file(constants.el)}}} should use the SI unit system - - #+vindex: org-footnote-define-inline - #+vindex: org-footnote-auto-label - #+vindex: org-footnote-auto-adjust - - To influence footnote settings, use the following keywords. The - corresponding variables are ~org-footnote-define-inline~, - ~org-footnote-auto-label~, and ~org-footnote-auto-adjust~. - - #+cindex: @code{fninline}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nofninline}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{fnlocal}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{fnprompt}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{fnauto}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{fnconfirm}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{fnplain}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{fnadjust}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nofnadjust}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~fninline~ :: define footnotes inline - - ~fnnoinline~ :: define footnotes in separate section - - ~fnlocal~ :: define footnotes near first reference, but not inline - - ~fnprompt~ :: prompt for footnote labels - - ~fnauto~ :: create ~[fn:1]~-like labels automatically (default) - - ~fnconfirm~ :: offer automatic label for editing or confirmation - - ~fnplain~ :: create ~[1]~-like labels automatically - - ~fnadjust~ :: automatically renumber and sort footnotes - - ~nofnadjust~ :: do not renumber and sort automatically - - #+cindex: org-hide-block-startup - - To hide blocks on startup, use these keywords. The corresponding - variable is ~org-hide-block-startup~. - - #+cindex: @code{hideblocks}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{nohideblocks}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~hideblocks~ :: Hide all begin/end blocks on startup - - ~nohideblocks~ :: Do not hide blocks on startup - - #+cindex: org-pretty-entities - - The display of entities as UTF-8 characters is governed by the - variable ~org-pretty-entities~ and the keywords - - #+cindex: @code{entitiespretty}, STARTUP keyword - #+cindex: @code{entitiesplain}, STARTUP keyword - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - ~entitiespretty~ :: Show entities as UTF-8 characters where possible - - ~entitiesplain~ :: Leave entities plain - -- {{{kbd(#+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2))}}} :: - #+vindex: org-tag-alist - - These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the valid tags in - this file, and (potentially) the corresponding /fast tag selection/ - keys. The corresponding variable is ~org-tag-alist~. - -- {{{kbd(#+TBLFM:)}}} :: - - This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the line. - -- {{{kbd(#+TITLE:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+AUTHOR:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+EMAIL:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+LANGUAGE:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+TEXT:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+DATE:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+OPTIONS:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+BIND:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+XSLT:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+DESCRIPTION:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+KEYWORDS:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+LaTeX_HEADER:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+STYLE:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+LINK_UP:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+LINK_HOME:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+EXPORT_SELECT_TAGS:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+EXPORT_EXCLUDE_TAGS:)}}} :: - - These lines provide settings for exporting files. For more details see - [[Export options]]. - -- {{{kbd(#+TODO:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+SEQ_TODO:)}}}, {{{kbd(#+TYP_TODO:)}}} :: - #+vindex: org-todo-keywords - - These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the - current file. The corresponding variable is ~org-todo-keywords~. - -** The very busy C-c C-c key - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: When in doubt, press C-c C-c - :TITLE: The very busy C-c C-c key - :END: -#+kindex: C-c C-c -#+cindex: C-c C-c, overview - -The key {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} has many purposes in Org, which are all -mentioned scattered throughout this manual. One specific function of -this key is to add /tags/ to a headline (see [[Tags]]). In many -other circumstances it means something like "Hey Org, look -here and update according to what you see here." Here is a summary of -what this means in different contexts. - -- If there are highlights in the buffer from the creation of a sparse - tree, or from clock display, remove these highlights. -- If the cursor is in one of the special ~#+KEYWORD~ lines, this - triggers scanning the buffer for these lines and updating the - information. -- If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. This command - works even if the automatic table editor has been turned off. -- If the cursor is on a ~#+TBLFM~ line, re-apply the formulas to the - entire table. -- If the current buffer is a capture buffer, close the note and file - it. With a prefix argument, file it, without further interaction, to - the default location. -- If the cursor is on a ~<<<target>>>~, update radio targets and - corresponding links in this buffer. -- If the cursor is in a property line or at the start or end of a - property drawer, offer property commands. -- If the cursor is at a footnote reference, go to the corresponding - definition, and vice versa. -- If the cursor is on a statistics cookie, update it. -- If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the - status of the checkbox. -- If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the - ordered list. -- If the cursor is on the ~#+BEGIN~ line of a dynamic block, the block - is updated. -- If the cursor is at a timestamp, fix the day name in the timestamp. - -** Clean view - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline - :TITLE: A cleaner outline view - :END: -#+cindex: hiding leading stars -#+cindex: dynamic indentation -#+cindex: odd-levels-only outlines -#+cindex: clean outline view - -Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org headlines start -with a potentially large number of stars, and that text below the -headlines is not indented. While this is no problem when writing a -/book-like/ document where the outline headings are really section -headings, in a more /list-oriented/ outline, indented structure is a -lot cleaner: - -#+begin_example - ,* Top level headline | * Top level headline - ,** Second level | * Second level - ,*** 3rd level | * 3rd level - some text | some text - ,*** 3rd level | * 3rd level - more text | more text - ,* Another top level headline | * Another top level headline -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} If you are using at least Emacs 23.2 and version 6.29 -of Org, this kind of view can be achieved dynamically at display time -using ~org-indent-mode~.[fn:183] In this minor mode, all lines are -prefixed for display with the necessary amount of space.[fn:154] Also -headlines are prefixed with additional stars, so that the amount of -indentation shifts by two spaces per level.[fn:155] All headline stars -but the last one are made invisible using the ~org-hide~ face---see -below under {{{samp(2.)}}} for more information on how this -works.[fn:156] You can turn on ~org-indent-mode~ for all files by -customizing the variable ~org-startup-indented~, or you can turn it on -for individual files using - -#+begin_example - ,#+STARTUP: indent -#+end_example - -If you want a similar effect in an earlier version of Emacs and/or -Org, or if you want the indentation to be hard space characters so -that the plain text file looks as similar as possible to the Emacs -display, Org supports you in the following way: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Indentation of text below headlines :: - - You may indent text below each headline to make the left boundary line up - with the headline, like - - #+begin_example - ,*** 3rd level - more text, now indented - #+end_example - - #+vindex: org-adapt-indentation - - Org supports this with paragraph filling, line wrapping, and structure - editing, - preserving or adapting the indentation as appropriate.[fn:157] - -- Hiding leading stars :: - #+vindex: org-hide-leading-stars - - You can modify the display in such a way that all leading stars become - invisible. To do this in a global way, configure the variable - ~org-hide-leading-stars~ or change this on a per-file basis with - - #+begin_example - ,#+STARTUP: hidestars - ,#+STARTUP: showstars - #+end_example - - With hidden stars, the tree becomes: - - #+begin_example - ,* Top level headline - , * Second level - , * 3rd level - ... - #+end_example - - #+vindex: org-hide @r{(face)} - - {{{noindent}}} The leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, - they are only fontified with the face ~org-hide~ that uses the - background color as font color. If you are not using either white or - black background, you may have to customize this face to get the - wanted effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the - extra stars are /almost/ invisible, for example using the color - ~grey90~ on a white background. -- Odd levels :: - #+vindex: org-odd-levels-only - - Things become cleaner still if you skip all the even levels and use - only odd levels 1, 3, 5, ..., effectively adding two stars to go from - one outline level to the next.[fn:158] In this way we get the outline - view shown at the beginning of this section. In order to make the - structure editing and export commands handle this convention - correctly, configure the variable ~org-odd-levels-only~, or set this - on a per-file basis with one of the following lines: - - #+begin_example - ,#+STARTUP: odd - ,#+STARTUP: oddeven - #+end_example - - You can convert an Org file from single-star-per-level to the - double-star-per-level convention with {{{kbdkey(M-x - org-convert-to-odd-levels , RET)}}} in that file. The reverse - operation is {{{kbd(M-x org-convert-to-oddeven-levels)}}}. - -** TTY keys - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Using Org on a tty - :TITLE: Using Org on a tty - :END: - -Because Org contains a large number of commands, by default many of -Org's core commands are bound to keys that are generally not -accessible on a tty, such as the cursor keys ({{{key(left)}}}, -{{{key(right)}}}, {{{key(up)}}}, {{{key(down)}}}), {{{key(TAB)}}} and -{{{key(RET)}}}, in particular when used together with modifiers like -{{{key(Meta)}}} and/or {{{key(Shift)}}}. To access these commands on a -tty when special keys are unavailable, the following alternative -bindings can be used. The tty bindings below will likely be more -cumbersome; you may find for some of the bindings below that a -customized workaround suits you better. For example, changing a -timestamp is really only fun with {{{kbdkey(S-,cursor)}}} keys, -whereas on a tty you would rather use {{{kbd(C-c .)}}} to re-insert -the timestamp. - -#+attr_texinfo: :columns 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 -| Default | Alternative 1 | Speed key | Alternative 2 | -|--------------------------+------------------------------+--------------+---------------------------| -| {{{kbdkey(S-,TAB)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-u,TAB)}}} | {{{kbd(C)}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(M-,left)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x l)}}} | {{{kbd(l)}}} | {{{kbdkeys(,Esc,left)}}} | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,left)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x L)}}} | {{{kbd(L)}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(M-,right)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x r)}}} | {{{kbd(r)}}} | {{{kbdkeys(,Esc,right)}}} | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,right)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x R)}}} | {{{kbd(R)}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(M-,up)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x u)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | {{{kbdkeys(,Esc,up)}}} | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,up)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x U)}}} | {{{kbd(U)}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(M-,down)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x d)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | {{{kbdkeys(,Esc,down)}}} | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,down)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x D)}}} | {{{kbd(D)}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,RET)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x c)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(M-,RET)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x m)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | {{{kbdkeys(,Esc,RET)}}} | -| {{{kbdkey(M-S-,RET)}}} | {{{kbd(C-c C-x M)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,left)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-c,left)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,right)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-c,right)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,up)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-c,up)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(S-,down)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-c,down)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(C-S-,left)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-c C-x,left)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | -| {{{kbdkey(C-S-,right)}}} | {{{kbdspckey(C-c C-x,right)}}} | {{{kbd( )}}} | | - -** Interaction - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Other Emacs packages - :TITLE: Interaction with other packages - :END: -#+cindex: packages, interaction with other -Org lives in the world of GNU Emacs and interacts in various ways -with other code out there. - -*** FIXME Cooperation - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Packages Org cooperates with - :TITLE: Packages that Org cooperates with - :END: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{file(calc.el)}}} by Dave Gillespie :: - #+cindex: @file{calc.el} - #+cindex: Gillespie, Dave - - Org uses the Calc package for implementing spreadsheet functionality - in its tables (see [[The spreadsheet]]). Org checks for the availability - of Calc by looking for the function ~calc-eval~ which will have been - autoloaded during setup if Calc has been installed properly. As of - Emacs 22, Calc is part of the Emacs distribution. Another possibility - for interaction between the two packages is using Calc for embedded - calculations. See [[info:calc:Embedded Mode][GNU Emacs Calc Manual]]. - -- {{{file(constants.el)}}} by Carsten Dominik :: - #+cindex: @file{constants.el} - #+cindex: Dominik, Carsten - #+vindex: org-table-formula-constants - - In a table formula (see [[The spreadsheet]]), it is possible to use names - for natural constants or units. Instead of defining your own constants - in the variable ~org-table-formula-constants~, install the - {{{file(constants)}}} package which defines a large number of - constants and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like {{{samp(M)}}} - for {{{samp(Mega)}}}, etc. You will need version 2.0 of this package, - available at [[http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools]]. Org checks for - the function ~constants-get~, which has to be autoloaded in your - setup. See the installation instructions in the file - {{{file(constants.el)}}}. - -- {{{file(cdlatex.el)}}} by Carsten Dominik :: - #+cindex: @file{cdlatex.el} - #+cindex: Dominik, Carsten - - Org mode can make use of the CDLaTeX package to efficiently enter - LaTeX fragments into Org files. See [[CDLaTeX mode]]. - -- {{{file(imenu.el)}}} by Ake Stenhoff and Lars Lindberg :: - #+cindex: @file{imenu.el} - #+cindex: Stenhoff, Ake - #+cindex: Lindberg, Lars - - Imenu allows menu access to an index of items in a file. Org mode - supports Imenu---all you need to do to get the index is the following: - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (add-hook 'org-mode-hook - (lambda () (imenu-add-to-menubar "Imenu"))) - #+end_src - - #+vindex: org-imenu-depth - - By default the index is two levels deep---you can modify the depth - using the option ~org-imenu-depth~. - -- {{{file(remember.el)}}} by John Wiegley :: - #+cindex: @file{remember.el} - #+cindex: Wiegley, John - - Org used to use this package for capture, but no longer does. - -- {{{file(speedbar.el)}}} by Eric M. Ludlam :: - #+cindex: @file{speedbar.el} - #+cindex: Ludlam, Eric M. - - Speedbar is a package that creates a special frame displaying files and - index items in files. Org mode supports Speedbar and allows you to - drill into Org files directly from the Speedbar. It also allows you to - restrict the scope of agenda commands to a file or a subtree by using - the command {{{kbd(<)}}} in the Speedbar frame. - -- {{{file(table.el)}}} by Takaaki Ota :: - #+kindex: C-c C-c - #+cindex: table editor, @file{table.el} - #+cindex: @file{table.el} - #+cindex: Ota, Takaaki - - Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and row-spanning, - and alignment can be created using the Emacs table package by Takaaki Ota - ([[http://sourceforge.net/projects/table]], and also part of Emacs 22). - Org mode will recognize these tables and export them properly. Because of - interference with other Org mode functionality, you unfortunately cannot edit - these tables directly in the buffer. Instead, you need to use the command - {{{kbd(C-c ')}}} to edit them, similar to source code snippets. - - - {{{kbd(C-c ')}}}, ~org-edit-special~ :: - #+kindex: C-c ' - - Edit a {{{file(table.el)}}} table. Works when the cursor is in a - table.el table. - - - {{{kbd(C-c XXX)}}}, ~org-table-create-with-table.el~ :: - #+kindex: C-c ~ - # Should be ~ - Insert a {{{file(table.el)}}} table. If there is already a table at - point, this command converts it between the {{{file(table.el)}}} - format and the Org mode format. See the documentation string of the - command ~org-convert-table~ for the restrictions under which this is - possible. - - {{{file(table.el)}}} is part of Emacs since Emacs 22. - -- {{{file(footnote.el)}}} by Steven L. Baur :: - #+cindex: @file{footnote.el} - #+cindex: Baur, Steven L. - - Org mode recognizes numerical footnotes as provided by this package. - However, Org mode also has its own footnote support (see [[Creating footnotes]]), - which makes using {{{file(footnote.el)}}} unnecessary. - -*** Conflicts - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Packages that lead to conflicts - :END: - -#+cindex: @code{shift-selection-mode} -#+vindex: org-support-shift-select - -In Emacs 23, ~shift-selection-mode~ is on by default, meaning that -cursor motions combined with the shift key should start or enlarge -regions. This conflicts with the use of {{{kbdkey(S-,cursor)}}} -commands in Org to change timestamps, TODO keywords, priorities, and -item bullet types if the cursor is at such a location. By default, -{{{kbdkey(S-,cursor)}}} commands outside special contexts don't do -anything, but you can customize the variable -~org-support-shift-select~. Org mode then tries to accommodate shift -selection by using it outside of the special contexts where -special commands apply, and by extending an existing active -region even if the cursor moves across a special context. - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{file(CUA.el)}}} by Kim. F. Storm :: - #+cindex: @file{CUA.el} - #+cindex: Storm, Kim. F. - #+vindex: org-replace-disputed-keys - - Key bindings in Org conflict with the {{{kbdkey(S-,<cursor>)}}} keys - used by CUA mode (as well as ~pc-select-mode~ and ~s-region-mode~) to - select and extend the region. In fact, Emacs 23 has this built-in in - the form of ~shift-selection-mode~, see previous paragraph. If you are - using Emacs 23, you probably don't want to use another package for - this purpose. However, if you prefer to leave these keys to a - different package while working in Org mode, configure the variable - ~org-replace-disputed-keys~. When set, Org will move the following key - bindings in Org files, and in the agenda buffer (but not during date - selection). - - | S-UP {{{result}}} M-p | S-DOWN {{{result}}} M-n | - | S-LEFT {{{result}}} M-- | S-RIGHT {{{result}}} M-+ | - | C-S-LEFT {{{result}}} M-S-- | C-S-RIGHT {{{result}}} M-S-+ | - - #+vindex: org-disputed-keys - - Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you want - to have other replacement keys, look at the variable - ~org-disputed-keys~. - -- {{{file(filladapt.el)}}} by Kyle Jones :: - #+cindex: @file{filladapt.el} - #+cindex: Jones, Kyle - - Org mode tries to do the right thing when filling paragraphs, list - items and other elements. Many users reported they had problems using - both {{{file(filladapt.el)}}} and Org mode, so a safe thing to do is - to disable it like this: - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-off-filladapt-mode) - #+end_src - -- {{{file(yasnippet.el)}}} :: - #+cindex: @file{yasnippet.el} - - The way Org mode binds the {{{key(TAB)}}} key (binding to ~[tab]~ - instead of ~"\t"~) overrules YASnippet's access to this key. The - following code fixed this problem: - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (add-hook 'org-mode-hook - (lambda () - (org-set-local 'yas/trigger-key [tab]) - (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field-or-maybe-expand))) - #+end_src - - The latest version of yasnippet doesn't play well with Org mode. If the - above code does not fix the conflict, start by defining the following - function: - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (defun yas/org-very-safe-expand () - (let ((yas/fallback-behavior 'return-nil)) (yas/expand))) - #+end_src - - Then, tell Org mode what to do with the new function: - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (add-hook 'org-mode-hook - (lambda () - (make-variable-buffer-local 'yas/trigger-key) - (setq yas/trigger-key [tab]) - (add-to-list 'org-tab-first-hook 'yas/org-very-safe-expand) - (define-key yas/keymap [tab] 'yas/next-field))) - #+end_src - -- {{{file(windmove.el)}}} by Hovav Shacham :: - #+cindex: @file{windmove.el} - #+cindex: Shacham, Hovav - - This package also uses the {{{kbd(S-<cursor>)}}} keys, so everything - written in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here. If - you want make the windmove function active in locations where Org mode - does not have special functionality on {{{kbdkey(S-,cursor)}}}, add - this to your configuration: - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - ;; Make windmove work in org-mode: - (add-hook 'org-shiftup-final-hook 'windmove-up) - (add-hook 'org-shiftleft-final-hook 'windmove-left) - (add-hook 'org-shiftdown-final-hook 'windmove-down) - (add-hook 'org-shiftright-final-hook 'windmove-right) - #+end_src - -- {{{file(viper.el)}}} by Michael Kifer :: - #+cindex: @file{viper.el} - #+cindex: Kifer, Michael - #+kindex: C-c / - - Viper uses {{{kbd(C-c /)}}} and therefore makes this key not access the - corresponding Org mode command ~org-sparse-tree~. You need to find - another key for this command, or override the key in - ~viper-vi-global-user-map~ with - - #+begin_src emacs-lisp - (define-key viper-vi-global-user-map "C-c /" 'org-sparse-tree) - #+end_src - -** org-crypt - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Encrypting Org files - :END: -#+cindex: @file{+org-crypt.el} -#+cindex: @code{org-decrypt-entry} - -Org-crypt will encrypt the text of an entry, but not the headline, or -properties. Org-crypt uses the Emacs EasyPG library to encrypt and -decrypt files. - -Any text below a headline that has a {{{samp(:crypt:)}}} tag will -automatically be encrypted when the file is saved. If you want to use -a different tag just customize the ~org-crypt-tag-matcher~ setting. - -To use org-crypt it is suggested that you have the following in your -{{{file(.emacs)}}}: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(require 'org-crypt) -(org-crypt-use-before-save-magic) -(setq org-tags-exclude-from-inheritance (quote ("crypt"))) - -(setq org-crypt-key nil) - ;; GPG key to use for encryption - ;; Either the Key ID or set to nil to use symmetric encryption. - -(setq auto-save-default nil) - ;; Auto-saving does not cooperate with org-crypt.el: so you need - ;; to turn it off if you plan to use org-crypt.el quite often. - ;; Otherwise, you'll get an (annoying) message each time you - ;; start Org. - - ;; To turn it off only locally, you can insert this: - ;; - ;; # -*- buffer-auto-save-file-name: nil; -*- -#+end_src - -Excluding the crypt tag from inheritance prevents already encrypted text -being encrypted again. - -* Hacking - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to hack your way around - :APPENDIX: Appendix - :END: -#+cindex: hacking - -This appendix describes some ways a user can extend the functionality -of Org. - -** Hooks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to reach into Org's internals - :END: -#+cindex: hooks - -Org has a large number of hook variables that can be used to add -functionality. This appendix about hacking is going to illustrate the -use of some of them. A complete list of all hooks with documentation is -maintained by the Worg project and can be found at -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-configs/org-hooks.php]]. - -** Add-on packages - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Available extensions - :END: -#+cindex: add-on packages - -A large number of add-on packages have been written by various -authors. These packages are not part of Emacs, but they are -distributed as contributed packages with the separate release -available at the Org mode home page at [[http://orgmode.org]]. The -list of contributed packages, along with documentation about each -package, is maintained by the Worg project at -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/]]. - -** Adding hyperlink types - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: New custom link types - :END: -#+cindex: hyperlinks, adding new types - -Org has a large number of hyperlink types built-in (see [[Hyperlinks]]). -If you would like to add new link types, Org provides an interface for -doing so. Let's look at an example file, {{{file(org-man.el)}}}, that -will add support for creating links like: - -#+begin_example - [[man:printf][The printf manual]] -#+end_example - -to show Unix manual pages inside Emacs: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -;;; org-man.el - Support for links to manpages in Org - -(require 'org) - -(org-add-link-type "man" 'org-man-open) -(add-hook 'org-store-link-functions 'org-man-store-link) - -(defcustom org-man-command 'man - "The Emacs command to be used to display a man page." - :group 'org-link - :type '(choice (const man) (const woman))) - -(defun org-man-open (path) - "Visit the manpage on PATH. -PATH should be a topic that can be thrown at the man command." - (funcall org-man-command path)) - -(defun org-man-store-link () - "Store a link to a manpage." - (when (memq major-mode '(Man-mode woman-mode)) - ;; This is a man page, we do make this link - (let* ((page (org-man-get-page-name)) - (link (concat "man:" page)) - (description (format "Manpage for %s" page))) - (org-store-link-props - :type "man" - :link link - :description description)))) - -(defun org-man-get-page-name () - "Extract the page name from the buffer name." - ;; This works for both `Man-mode' and `woman-mode'. - (if (string-match " \\(\\S-+\\)\\*" (buffer-name)) - (match-string 1 (buffer-name)) - (error "Cannot create link to this man page"))) - -(provide 'org-man) - -;;; org-man.el ends here -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} You would activate this new link type in -{{{file(.emacs)}}} with: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(require 'org-man) -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} Let's go through the file and see what it does. -#+vindex: org-store-link-functions - -1. It does ~(require 'org)~ to make sure that {{{file(org.el)}}} has - been loaded. - -2. The next line calls ~org-add-link-type~ to define a new link type - with prefix {{{samp(man)}}}. The call also contains the name of a - function that will be called to follow such a link. - -3. The next line adds a function to ~org-store-link-functions~, in - order to allow the command {{{kbd(C-c l)}}} to record a useful link - in a buffer displaying a man page. - - -The rest of the file defines the necessary variables and functions. -First there is a customization variable that determines which Emacs -command should be used to display man pages. There are two options, -~man~ and ~woman~. Then the function to follow a link is defined. It -gets the link path as an argument---in this case the link path is just -a topic for the manual command. The function calls the value of -~org-man-command~ to display the man page. - -Finally the function ~org-man-store-link~ is defined. When you try to -store a link with {{{kbd(C-c l)}}}, this function will be called to -try to make a link. The function must first decide if it is supposed -to create the link for this buffer type; we do this by checking the -value of the variable ~major-mode~. If not, the function must exit and -return the value ~nil~. If yes, the link is created by getting the -manual topic from the buffer name and prefixing it with the string -{{{samp(man:)}}}. Then it must call the command ~org-store-link-props~ -and set the ~:type~ and ~:link~ properties. Optionally you can also -set the ~:description~ property to provide a default for the link -description when the link is later inserted into an Org buffer with -{{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}. - -When it makes sense for your new link type, you may also define a -function that implements special (e.g., completion) support for -inserting such a link with {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}. Such a function should -not accept any arguments, and return the full link with prefix. - -** Context-sensitive commands - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How to add functionality to such commands - :END: -#+cindex: context-sensitive commands, hooks -#+cindex: add-ons, context-sensitive commands -#+vindex: org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c-hook - -Org has several commands that act differently depending on context. -The most important example is the {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} (see [[The very -busy C-c C-c key]]). Also the {{{kbd(M-cursor)}}} and -{{{kbd(M-S-cursor)}}} keys have this property. - -Add-ons can tap into this functionality by providing a function that -detects special context for that add-on and executes functionality -appropriate for the context. Here is an example from Dan Davison's -{{{file(org-R.el)}}} which allows you to evaluate commands based on -the {{{file(R)}}} programming language.[fn:159] For this package, -special contexts are lines that start with ~#+R:~ or ~#+RR:~. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun org-R-apply-maybe () - "Detect if this is context for org-R and execute R commands." - (if (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line 1) - (looking-at "#\\+RR?:")) - (progn (call-interactively 'org-R-apply) - t) ;; to signal that we took action - nil)) ;; to signal that we did not - -(add-hook 'org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c-hook 'org-R-apply-maybe) -#+end_src - -The function first checks if the cursor is in such a line. If that is -the case, ~org-R-apply~ is called and the function returns ~t~ to -signal that action was taken, and {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} will stop looking -for other contexts. If the function finds it should do nothing -locally, it returns ~nil~ so that other, similar functions can have a -try. - -** Tables in arbitrary syntax - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs - :END: -#+cindex: tables, in other modes -#+cindex: lists, in other modes -#+cindex: Orgtbl mode - -Since Orgtbl mode can be used as a minor mode in arbitrary buffers, a -frequent feature request has been to make it work with native tables -in specific languages, for example LaTeX. However, this is -extremely hard to do in a general way, would lead to a customization -nightmare, and would take away much of the simplicity of the Orgtbl -mode table editor. - -This appendix describes a different approach. We keep the Orgtbl mode -table in its native format (the source table), and use a custom -function to /translate/ the table to the correct syntax, and to -/install/ it in the right location (the target table). This puts -the burden of writing conversion functions on the user, but it allows -for a very flexible system. - -Bastien added the ability to do the same with lists, in Orgstruct -mode. You can use Org's facilities to edit and structure lists by -turning ~orgstruct-mode~ on, then locally exporting such lists in -another format (HTML, LaTeX or Texinfo.) - -*** Radio tables - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Sending and receiving radio tables - :END: -#+cindex: radio tables - -To define the location of the target table, you first need to create -two lines that are comments in the current mode, but contain magic -words for Orgtbl mode to find. Orgtbl mode will insert the translated -table between these lines, replacing whatever was there before. For -example: - -#+begin_example - /* BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */ - /* END RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */ -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} Just above the source table, we put a special line that -tells Orgtbl mode how to translate this table and where to install it. -For example: - -#+cindex: #+ORGTBL -#+begin_example - ,#+ORGTBL: SEND table_name translation_function arguments ... -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} Here, ~table_name~ is the reference name for the table -that is also used in the receiver lines. ~translation_function~ is the -Lisp function that does the translation. Furthermore, the line can -contain a list of arguments (alternating key and value) at the end. -The arguments will be passed as a property list to the translation -function for interpretation. A few standard parameters are already -recognized and acted upon before the translation function is called: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:skip N~ :: - - Skip the first N lines of the table. Hlines do count as separate lines - for this parameter! - -- ~:skipcols (n1 n2 ...)~ :: - - List of columns that should be skipped. If the table has a column with - calculation marks, that column is automatically discarded as well. - Please note that the translator function sees the table /after/ the - removal of these columns, the function never knows that there have - been additional columns. - -- ~:no-escape t~ :: - - When non-nil, do not escape special characters ~&%#_^~ when exporting - the table. The default value is nil. - - -{{{noindent}}} The one problem remaining is how to keep the source -table in the buffer without disturbing the normal workings of the -file, for example during compilation of a C file or processing of a -LaTeX file. There are a number of different solutions: - -- The table could be placed in a block comment if that is supported by - the language. For example, in C mode you could wrap the table - between {{{samp(/*)}}} and {{{samp(*/)}}} lines. - -- Sometimes it is possible to put the table after some kind of END - statement, for example ~\bye~ in TeX and ~\end{document}~ in - LaTeX. - -- You can just comment the table line-by-line whenever you want to - process the file, and uncomment it whenever you need to edit the - table. This only sounds tedious---the command {{{kbd(M-x - orgtbl-toggle-comment)}}} makes this comment-toggling very easy, in - particular if you bind it to a key. - -*** A LaTeX example - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Step by step, almost a tutorial - :TITLE: A LaTeX example of radio tables - :END: -#+cindex: @LaTeX{}, and Orgtbl mode - -The best way to wrap the source table in LaTeX is to use the -~comment~ environment provided by {{{file(comment.sty)}}}. It has to -be activated by placing ~\usepackage{comment}~ into the document -header. Orgtbl mode can insert a radio table skeleton with the command -{{{kbd(M-x orgtbl-insert-radio-table)}}}.[fn:160] You will be prompted -for a table name, let's say we use {{{samp(salesfigures)}}}. You will -then get the following template: - -#+cindex: #+ORGTBL, SEND -#+begin_example - % BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures - % END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures - \begin{comment} - #+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex - | | | - \end{comment} -#+end_example - -#+vindex: @LaTeX{}-verbatim-environments - -{{{noindent}}} The ~#+ORGTBL: SEND~ line tells Orgtbl mode to use the -function ~orgtbl-to-latex~ to convert the table into LaTeX and to -put it into the receiver location with name ~salesfigures~. You may -now fill in the table---feel free to use the spreadsheet features:[fn:161] - -#+begin_example - % BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures - % END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures - \begin{comment} - #+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex - | Month | Days | Nr sold | per day | - |-------+------+---------+---------| - | Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 | - | Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 | - | March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 | - #+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f - % $ (optional extra dollar to keep font-lock happy, see footnote) - \end{comment} -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} When you are done, press {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} in the -table to get the converted table inserted between the two marker -lines. - -Now let's assume you want to make the table header by hand, because -you want to control how columns are aligned, etc. In this case we make -sure that the table translator skips the first 2 lines of the source -table, and tell the command to work as a splice, i.e., to not -produce header and footer commands of the target table: - -#+begin_example - \begin{tabular}{lrrr} - Month & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Days} & Nr.\ sold & per day\\ - % BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures - % END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures - \end{tabular} - % - \begin{comment} - #+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex :splice t :skip 2 - | Month | Days | Nr sold | per day | - |-------+------+---------+---------| - | Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 | - | Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 | - | March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 | - #+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f - \end{comment} -#+end_example - -The LaTeX translator function ~orgtbl-to-latex~ is already part of -Orgtbl mode. It uses a ~tabular~ environment to typeset the table and -marks horizontal lines with ~\hline~. Furthermore, it interprets the -following parameters (see also see [[Translator functions]]): - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~:splice nil/t~ :: - - When set to ~t~, return only table body lines, don't wrap them into a - tabular environment. Default is ~nil~. - -- ~:fmt fmt~ :: - - A format to be used to wrap each field, it should contain ~%s~ for the - original field value. For example, to wrap each field value in - dollars, you could use ~:fmt "$%s$"~. This may also be a property list - with column numbers and formats, for example ~:fmt (2 "$%s$" 4 - "%s\\%%")~. A function of one argument can be used in place of the - strings; the function must return a formatted string. - -- ~:efmt efmt~ :: - - Use this format to print numbers with exponentials. The format should - have ~%s~ twice for inserting mantissa and exponent, for example: - - #+begin_example - "%s\\times10^{%s}" - #+end_example - - The default is: - - #+begin_example - "%s\\,(%s)" - #+end_example - - This may also be a property list with column numbers and formats, for - example: - - #+begin_example - :efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^{%s}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^{%s}$") - #+end_example - - After ~efmt~ has been applied to a value, ~fmt~ will also be applied. - Similar to ~fmt~, functions of two arguments can be supplied instead - of strings. - -*** Translator functions - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Copy and modify - :END: -#+cindex: HTML, and Orgtbl mode -#+cindex: translator function - -Orgtbl mode has several translator functions built-in: ~orgtbl-to-csv~ -(comma-separated values), ~orgtbl-to-tsv~ (TAB-separated values) -~orgtbl-to-latex~, ~orgtbl-to-html~, and ~orgtbl-to-texinfo~. Except -for ~orgtbl-to-html~, these all use a generic translator, -~orgtbl-to-generic~.[fn:162] For example, ~orgtbl-to-latex~ itself is -a very short function that computes the column definitions for the -~tabular~ environment, defines a few field and line separators and -then hands processing over to the generic translator. Here is the -entire code: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun orgtbl-to-latex (table params) - "Convert the Orgtbl mode TABLE to LaTeX." - (let* ((alignment (mapconcat (lambda (x) (if x "r" "l")) - org-table-last-alignment "")) - (params2 - (list - :tstart (concat "\\begin@{tabular@}@{" alignment "@}") - :tend "\\end@{tabular@}" - :lstart "" :lend " \\\\" :sep " & " - :efmt "%s\\,(%s)" :hline "\\hline"))) - (orgtbl-to-generic table (org-combine-plists params2 params)))) -#+end_src - -As you can see, the properties passed into the function (variable -~PARAMS~) are combined with the ones newly defined in the function -(variable ~PARAMS2~). The ones passed into the function (i.e., the -ones set by the {{{samp(ORGTBL SEND)}}} line) take precedence. So if -you would like to use the LaTeX translator, but wanted the line -endings to be ~\\[2mm]~ instead of the default ~\\~, you could just -overrule the default with: - -#+begin_example - ,#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-latex :lend " \\\\[2mm]" -#+end_example - -For a new language, you can either write your own converter function -in analogy with the LaTeX translator, or you can use the generic -function directly. For example, if you have a language where a table -is started with {{{samp(!BTBL!)}}}, ended with {{{samp(!ETBL!)}}}, and -where table lines are started with {{{samp(!BL!)}}}, ended with -{{{samp(!EL!)}}}, and where the field separator is a TAB, you could -call the generic translator like this (on a single line!): - -#+begin_example - ,#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-generic :tstart "!BTBL!" :tend "!ETBL!" - :lstart "!BL! " :lend " !EL!" :sep "\t" -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} Please check the documentation string of the function -~orgtbl-to-generic~ for a full list of parameters understood by that -function, and remember that you can pass each of them into -~orgtbl-to-latex~, ~orgtbl-to-texinfo~, and any other function using -the generic function. - -Of course you can also write a completely new function doing -complicated things the generic translator cannot do. A translator -function takes two arguments. The first argument is the table, a list -of lines, each line either the symbol ~hline~ or a list of fields. The -second argument is the property list containing all parameters -specified in the {{{samp(#+ORGTBL: SEND)}}} line. The function must -return a single string containing the formatted table. If you write a -generally useful translator, please post it to the [[mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org][mailing list]] so -that others can benefit from your work. - -*** Radio lists - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Doing the same for lists - :END: -#+cindex: radio lists -#+cindex: org-list-insert-radio-list - -Sending and receiving radio lists works exactly the same way as -sending and receiving radio tables (see [[Radio tables]]). As for radio -tables, you can insert radio list templates in HTML, LaTeX and -Texinfo modes by calling ~org-list-insert-radio-list~. - -Here are the differences with radio tables: - -- Orgstruct mode must be active. - -- Use the ~ORGLST~ keyword instead of ~ORGTBL~. - -- The available translation functions for radio lists don't take - parameters. - -- {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} will work when pressed on the first item of the - list. - - -Here is a LaTeX example. Let's say that you have this in your -LaTeX file: - -#+cindex: #+ORGLST -#+begin_example - % BEGIN RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy - % END RECEIVE ORGLST to-buy - \begin{comment} - #+ORGLST: SEND to-buy org-list-to-latex - - a new house - - a new computer - + a new keyboard - + a new mouse - - a new life - \end{comment} -#+end_example - -Pressing `C-c C-c' on ~a new house~ will insert the converted -LaTeX list between the two marker lines. - -** Dynamic blocks - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Automatically filled blocks - :END: -#+cindex: dynamic blocks - -Org documents can contain /dynamic blocks/. These are specially marked -regions that are updated by some user-written function. A good example -for such a block is the clock table inserted by the command -{{{kbd(C-c C-x C-r)}}} (see [[Clocking work time]]). - -Dynamic blocks are enclosed by a BEGIN-END structure that assigns a -name to the block and can also specify parameters for the function -producing the content of the block. - -#+cindex: #+BEGIN:dynamic block -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ... - - ,#+END: -#+end_example - -Dynamic blocks are updated with the following commands: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{kbd(C-c C-x C-u)}}}, ~org-dblock-update~ :: - #+kindex: C-c C-x C-u - - Update dynamic block at point. - -- {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-x C-u)}}} :: - #+kindex: C-u C-c C-x C-u - - Update all dynamic blocks in the current file. - - -Updating a dynamic block means to remove all the text between ~BEGIN~ -and ~END~, parse the ~BEGIN~ line for parameters and then call the -specific writer function for this block to insert the new content. If -you want to use the original content in the writer function, you can -use the extra parameter ~:content~. - -For a block with name ~myblock~, the writer function is -~org-dblock-write:myblock~ with as only parameter a property list -with the parameters given in the begin line. Here is a trivial example -of a block that keeps track of when the block update function was last -run: - -#+begin_example - ,#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M" - - ,#+END: -#+end_example - -{{{noindent}}} The corresponding block writer function could look like -this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params) - (let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y"))) - (insert "Last block update at: " - (format-time-string fmt (current-time))))) -#+end_src - -If you want to make sure that all dynamic blocks are always -up-to-date, you could add the function ~org-update-all-dblocks~ to a -hook, for example ~before-save-hook~. ~org-update-all-dblocks~ is -written in a way such that it does nothing in buffers that are not in -~org-mode~. - -You can narrow the current buffer to the current dynamic block (like -any other block) with ~org-narrow-to-block~. - -** Special agenda views - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Customized views - :END: -#+cindex: agenda views, user-defined -#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function -#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function-global - -Org provides a special hook that can be used to narrow down the -selection made by these agenda views: ~agenda~, ~todo~, ~alltodo~, -~tags~, ~tags-todo~, ~tags-tree~. You may specify a function that is -used at each match to verify if the match should indeed be part of the -agenda view, and if not, how much should be skipped. You can specify a -global condition that will be applied to all agenda views, this -condition would be stored in the variable -~org-agenda-skip-function-global~. More commonly, such a definition is -applied only to specific custom searches, using -~org-agenda-skip-function~. - -Let's say you want to produce a list of projects that contain a -~WAITING~ tag anywhere in the project tree. Let's further assume that -you have marked all tree headings that define a project with the TODO -keyword PROJECT. In this case you would run a TODO search for the -keyword PROJECT, but skip the match unless there is a ~WAITING~ tag -anywhere in the subtree belonging to the project line. - -To achieve this, you must write a function that searches the subtree for -the tag. If the tag is found, the function must return ~nil~ to -indicate that this match should not be skipped. If there is no such -tag, return the location of the end of the subtree, to indicate that -search should continue from there. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun my-skip-unless-waiting () - "Skip trees that are not waiting" - (let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t)))) - (if (re-search-forward ":waiting:" subtree-end t) - nil ; tag found, do not skip - subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree -#+end_src - -Now you may use this function in an agenda custom command, for example -like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(org-add-agenda-custom-command - '("b" todo "PROJECT" - ((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-skip-unless-waiting) - (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: ")))) -#+end_src - -#+vindex: org-agenda-overriding-header - -Note that this also binds ~org-agenda-overriding-header~ to get a -meaningful header in the agenda view. - -#+vindex: org-odd-levels-only -#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function - -A general way to create custom searches is to base them on a search -for entries with a certain level limit. If you want to study all -entries with your custom search function, simply do a search for -{{{samp(LEVEL>0)}}}, and then use ~org-agenda-skip-function~ to select -the entries you really want to have.[fn:163] - -You may also put a Lisp form into ~org-agenda-skip-function~. In -particular, you may use the functions ~org-agenda-skip-entry-if~ -and ~org-agenda-skip-subtree-if~ in this form, for example: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if it has been scheduled. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notscheduled))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if it has not been scheduled. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'deadline))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if it has a deadline. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'scheduled 'deadline))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if it has a deadline, or if it is scheduled. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo '("TODO" "WAITING")))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if the TODO keyword is TODO or WAITING. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'todo 'done))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if the TODO keyword marks a DONE state. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'timestamp))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if it has any timestamp, may also be deadline or scheduled. - <<x-agenda-skip-entry-regexp>> - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'regexp "regular expression"))}}} :: - - Skip current entry if the regular expression matches in the entry. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-entry-if 'notregexp "regular expression"))}}} :: - - Skip current entry unless the regular expression matches. - -- {{{samp((org-agenda-skip-subtree-if 'regexp "regular expression"))}}} :: - - Same as above, but check and skip the entire subtree. - - -Therefore we could also have written the search for WAITING projects -like this, even without defining a special function: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(org-add-agenda-custom-command - '("b" todo "PROJECT" - ((org-agenda-skip-function '(org-agenda-skip-subtree-if - 'regexp ":waiting:")) - (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: ")))) -#+end_src - -** Extracting agenda information - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Post-processing agenda information - :END: -#+cindex: agenda, pipe -#+cindex: Scripts, for agenda processing -#+vindex: org-agenda-custom-commands - -Org provides commands to access agenda information for the command -line in Emacs batch mode. This extracted information can be sent -directly to a printer, or it can be read by a program that does -further processing of the data. The first of these commands is the -function ~org-batch-agenda~, that produces an agenda view and sends it -as ASCII text to STDOUT. The command takes a single string as -parameter. If the string has length 1, it is used as a key to one of -the commands you have configured in ~org-agenda-custom-commands~, -basically any key you can use after {{{kbd(C-c a)}}}. For example, to -directly print the current TODO list, you could use: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src sh -emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr -#+end_src - -If the parameter is a string with 2 or more characters, it is used as -a tags/TODO match string. For example, to print your local shopping -list (all items with the tag {{{samp(shop)}}}, but excluding the tag -{{{samp(NewYork)}}}), you could use: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src sh -emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \ - -eval '(org-batch-agenda "+shop-NewYork")' | lpr -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} You may also modify parameters on the fly like this: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src sh -emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \ - -eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \ - org-agenda-span (quote month) \ - org-agenda-include-diary nil \ - org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \ - | lpr -#+end_src - -{{{noindent}}} which will produce a 30-day agenda, fully restricted to -the Org file {{{file(~/org/projects.org)}}}, not even including the -diary. - -If you want to process the agenda data in more sophisticated ways, you -can use the command ~org-batch-agenda-csv~ to get a comma-separated -list of values for each agenda item. Each line in the output will -contain a number of fields separated by commas. The fields in a line -are: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code -- category :: The category of the item -- head :: The headline, without TODO keyword, TAGS and PRIORITY -- type :: The type of the agenda entry, can be: - - todo :: selected in TODO match - - tagsmatch :: selected in tags match - - diary :: imported from diary - - deadline :: a deadline - - scheduled :: scheduled - - timestamp :: appointment, selected by timestamp - - closed :: entry was closed on date - - upcoming-deadline :: warning about nearing deadline - - past-scheduled :: forwarded scheduled item - - block :: entry has date block including date -- todo :: The TODO keyword, if any -- tags :: All tags including inherited ones, separated by colons -- date :: The relevant date, like 2007-2-14 -- time :: The time, like 15:00-16:50 -- extra :: String with extra planning info -- priority-l :: The priority letter if any was given -- priority-n :: The computed numerical priority - -{{{noindent}}} Time and date will only be given if a timestamp (or -deadline/scheduled) led to the selection of the item. - -A CSV list like this is very easy to use in a post-processing script. -For example, here is a Perl program that gets the TODO list from -Emacs/Org and prints all the items, preceded by a checkbox: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src perl -#!/usr/bin/perl - -# define the Emacs command to run -$cmd = "emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda-csv \"t\")'"; - -# run it and capture the output -$agenda = qx@{$cmd 2>/dev/null@}; - -# loop over all lines -foreach $line (split(/\n/,$agenda)) @{ - # get the individual values - ($category,$head,$type,$todo,$tags,$date,$time,$extra, - $priority_l,$priority_n) = split(/,/,$line); - # process and print - print "[ ] $head\n"; -@} -#+end_src - -** Using the property API - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Writing programs that use entry properties - :END: -#+cindex: API, for properties -#+cindex: properties, API - -Here is a description of the functions that can be used to work with -properties. - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-properties &optional pom which -#+begin_defun -Get all properties of the entry at point-or-marker POM. -This includes the TODO keyword, the tags, time strings for deadline, -scheduled, and clocking, and any additional properties defined in the -entry. The return value is an alist. Keys may occur multiple times -if the property key was used several times.@* -POM may also be nil, in which case the current entry is used. -If WHICH is nil or `all', get all properties. If WHICH is -`special' or `standard', only get that subclass. -#+end_defun - -#+vindex: org-use-property-inheritance -#+findex: org-insert-property-drawer -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-get pom property &optional inherit -#+begin_defun -Get value of PROPERTY for entry at point-or-marker POM. By default, -this only looks at properties defined locally in the entry. If INHERIT -is non-nil and the entry does not have the property, then also check -higher levels of the hierarchy. If INHERIT is the symbol -~selective~, use inheritance if and only if the setting of -~org-use-property-inheritance~ selects PROPERTY for inheritance. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-delete pom property -#+begin_defun -Delete the property PROPERTY from entry at point-or-marker POM. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-put pom property value -#+begin_defun -Set PROPERTY to VALUE for entry at point-or-marker POM. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-buffer-property-keys &optional include-specials -#+begin_defun -Get all property keys in the current buffer. -#+end_defun -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-insert-property-drawer -#+begin_defun -Insert a property drawer for the current entry. Also -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-put-multivalued-property pom property &rest values -#+begin_defun -Set PROPERTY at point-or-marker POM to VALUES. VALUES should be a list of -strings. They will be concatenated, with spaces as separators. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-get-multivalued-property pom property -#+begin_defun -Treat the value of the property PROPERTY as a whitespace-separated list of -values and return the values as a list of strings. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-add-to-multivalued-property pom property value -#+begin_defun -Treat the value of the property PROPERTY as a whitespace-separated list of -values and make sure that VALUE is in this list. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-remove-from-multivalued-property pom property value -#+begin_defun -Treat the value of the property PROPERTY as a whitespace-separated list of -values and make sure that VALUE is /not/ in this list. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-entry-member-in-multivalued-property pom property value -#+begin_defun -Treat the value of the property PROPERTY as a whitespace-separated list of -values and check if VALUE is in this list. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-property-allowed-value-functions -#+begin_defopt -Hook for functions supplying allowed values for a specific property. -The functions must take a single argument, the name of the property, and -return a flat list of allowed values. If {{{samp(:ETC)}}} is one of -the values, use the values as completion help, but allow also other values -to be entered. The functions must return ~nil~ if they are not -responsible for this property. -#+end_defopt - -** Using the mapping API - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Mapping over all or selected entries - :END: -#+cindex: API, for mapping -#+cindex: mapping entries, API - -Org has sophisticated mapping capabilities to find all entries satisfying -certain criteria. Internally, this functionality is used to produce agenda -views, but there is also an API that can be used to execute arbitrary -functions for each or selected entries. The main entry point for this API -is: - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-map-entries func &optional match scope &rest skip -#+begin_defun -Call FUNC at each headline selected by MATCH in SCOPE. - -FUNC is a function or a Lisp form. The function will be called without -arguments, with the cursor positioned at the beginning of the headline. -The return values of all calls to the function will be collected and -returned as a list. - -The call to FUNC will be wrapped into a save-excursion form, so FUNC -does not need to preserve point. After evaluation, the cursor will be -moved to the end of the line (presumably of the headline of the -processed entry) and search continues from there. Under some -circumstances, this may not produce the wanted results. For example, -if you have removed (e.g., archived) the current (sub)tree it could -mean that the next entry will be skipped entirely. In such cases, you -can specify the position from where search should continue by making -FUNC set the variable `org-map-continue-from' to the desired buffer -position. - -MATCH is a tags/property/todo match as it is used in the agenda match view. -Only headlines that are matched by this query will be considered during -the iteration. When MATCH is nil or t, all headlines will be -visited by the iteration. - -SCOPE determines the scope of this command. It can be any of: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @code -- nil :: - - The current buffer, respecting the restriction, if any. - -- tree :: - - The subtree started with the entry at point. - -- region :: - - The entries within the active region, if any. - -- file :: - - The current buffer, without restriction. - -- file-with-archives :: - - The current buffer, and any archives associated with it. - -- agenda :: - - All agenda files. - -- agenda-with-archives :: - - All agenda files with any archive files associated with them. - -- (file1 file2 ...) :: - - If this is a list, all files in the list will be scanned. - - -{{{noindent}}} The remaining args are treated as settings for the -skipping facilities of the scanner. The following items can be given -here: - -#+vindex: org-agenda-skip-function -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- ~archive~ :: - - Skip trees with the archive tag. - -- ~comment~ :: - - Skip trees with the COMMENT keyword. - -- function or Lisp form :: - - Will be used as value for ~org-agenda-skip-function~, so whenever the - function returns t, FUNC will not be called for that entry and search - will continue from the point where the function leaves it. -#+end_defun - -The function given to that mapping routine can really do anything you like. -It can use the property API (see [[Using the property API]]) to gather more -information about the entry, or in order to change metadata in the entry. -Here are a few functions that might be handy: - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-todo &optional arg -#+begin_defun -Change the TODO state of the entry. See the docstring of the functions for -the many possible values for the argument ARG. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-priority &optional action -#+begin_defun -Change the priority of the entry. See the docstring of this function for the -possible values for ACTION. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-toggle-tag tag &optional onoff -#+begin_defun -Toggle the tag TAG in the current entry. Setting ONOFF to either ~on~ -or ~off~ will not toggle tag, but ensure that it is either on or off. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-promote -#+begin_defun -Promote the current entry. -#+end_defun - -#+attr_texinfo: :options org-demote -#+begin_defun -Demote the current entry. -#+end_defun - -The following simple example will turn all entries in the current file -with a tag ~TOMORROW~ into TODO entries with the keyword ~UPCOMING~. -Entries in comment trees and in archive trees will be ignored. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(org-map-entries - '(org-todo "UPCOMING") - "+TOMORROW" 'file 'archive 'comment) -#+end_src - -The following example counts the number of entries with TODO keyword -~WAITING~, in all agenda files. - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(length (org-map-entries t "/+WAITING" 'agenda)) -#+end_src - -* MobileOrg - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Viewing and capture on a mobile device - :APPENDIX: Appendix - :END: -#+cindex: iPhone -#+cindex: MobileOrg -#+cindex: Moreland, Richard -#+cindex: Jones, Matt - -MobileOrg is the name of the mobile companion app for Org mode, -currently available for iOS and for Android. MobileOrg offers -offline viewing and capture support for an Org mode system rooted on a -``real'' computer. It does also allow you to record changes to -existing entries. The [[http://mobileorg.ncogni.to/][iOS implementation]] for the iPhone/iPod -Touch/iPad series of devices, was developed by Richard Moreland. -Android users should check out [[http://wiki.github.com/matburt/mobileorg-android/][MobileOrg Android]] by Matt Jones. The -two implementations are not identical but offer similar features. - -This appendix describes the support Org has for creating agenda views -in a format that can be displayed by MobileOrg, and for integrating -notes captured and changes made by MobileOrg into the main system. - -For changing tags and TODO states in MobileOrg, you should have set up -the customization variables ~org-todo-keywords~ and ~org-tags-alist~ -to cover all important tags and TODO keywords, even if individual -files use only part of these. MobileOrg will also offer you states and -tags set up with in-buffer settings, but it will understand the -logistics of TODO state /sets/ (see [[Per-file keywords]]) and /mutually -exclusive/ tags (see [[Setting tags]]) only for those set in these -variables. - -** Setting up the staging area - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Where to interact with the mobile device - :END: - -MobileOrg needs to interact with Emacs through a directory on a -server. If you are using a public server, you should consider to -encrypt the files that are uploaded to the server. This can be done -with Org mode 7.02 and with MobileOrg 1.5 (iPhone version), and you -need an {{{file(openssl)}}} installation on your system. To turn on -encryption, set a password in MobileOrg and, on the Emacs side, -configure the variable ~org-mobile-use-encryption~.[fn:164] - -The easiest way to create that directory is to use a free [[http://dropbox.com][Dropbox]] -account.[fn:165] When MobileOrg first connects to your Dropbox, it -will create a directory MobileOrg inside the Dropbox. After the -directory has been created, tell Emacs about it: - -#+header: :eval no -#+header: :exports code -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq org-mobile-directory "~/Dropbox/MobileOrg") -#+end_src - -Org mode has commands to put files for MobileOrg into that -directory, and to read captured notes from there. - -** Pushing to MobileOrg - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Uploading Org files and agendas - :END: - -This operation copies all files currently listed in ~org-mobile-files~ -to the directory ~org-mobile-directory~. By default this list contains -all agenda files (as listed in ~org-agenda-files~), but additional -files can be included by customizing ~org-mobile-files~. File names -will be staged with paths relative to ~org-directory~, so all files -should be inside this directory.[fn:184] - -The push operation also creates a special Org file -{{{file(agendas.org)}}} with all custom agenda view defined by the -user.[fn:166] - -Finally, Org writes the file {{{file(index.org)}}}, containing links -to all other files. MobileOrg first reads this file from the server, -and then downloads all agendas and Org files listed in it. To speed up -the download, MobileOrg will only read files whose checksums have -changed.[fn:167] - -** Pulling from MobileOrg - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Integrating captured and flagged items - :END: - -When MobileOrg synchronizes with the server, it not only pulls the -Org files for viewing. It also appends captured entries and pointers -to flagged and changed entries to the file {{{file(mobileorg.org)}}} -on the server. Org has a /pull/ operation that integrates this -information into an inbox file and operates on the pointers to flagged -entries. Here is how it works: - -1. Org moves all entries found in {{{file(mobileorg.org)}}} and - appends them to the file pointed to by the variable - ~org-mobile-inbox-for-pull~.[fn:168] Each captured entry and each - editing event will be a top-level entry in the inbox file. - -2. After moving the entries, Org will attempt to implement the changes - made in MobileOrg. Some changes are applied directly and without - user interaction. Examples are all changes to tags, TODO state, - headline and body text that can be cleanly applied. Entries that - have been flagged for further action will receive a tag - ~:FLAGGED:~, so that they can be easily found again. When there is - a problem finding an entry or applying the change, the pointer - entry will remain in the inbox and will be marked with an error - message. You need to later resolve these issues by hand. - -3. Org will then generate an agenda view with all flagged entries. The - user should then go through these entries and do whatever actions - are necessary. If a note has been stored while flagging an entry in - MobileOrg, that note will be displayed in the echo area when the - cursor is on the corresponding agenda line. - - #+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis - - {{{kbd(?)}}} :: - #+kindex: ? - - Pressing {{{kbd(?)}}} in that special agenda will display the full - flagging note in another window and also push it onto the kill ring. - So you could use {{{kbd(? z C-y C-c C-c)}}} to store that flagging - note as a normal note in the entry. Pressing {{{kbd(?)}}} twice in - succession will offer to remove the ~:FLAGGED:~ tag along with the - recorded flagging note (which is stored in a property). In this way - you indicate that the intended processing for this flagged entry is - finished. - - -#+kindex: C-c a ? - -If you are not able to process all flagged entries directly, you can always -return to this agenda view using {{{kbd(C-c a ?)}}}.[fn:169] - -* History and acknowledgments - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: How Org came into being - :ALT_TITLE: History and Acknowledgments - :APPENDIX: Appendix - :END: -** From Carsten - -Org was born in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface of -the Emacs Outline mode. I was trying to organize my notes and -projects, and using Emacs seemed to be the natural way to go. However, -having to remember eleven different commands with two or three keys -per command, only to hide and show parts of the outline tree, that -seemed entirely unacceptable to me. Also, when using outlines to take -notes, I constantly wanted to restructure the tree, organizing it -parallel to my thoughts and plans. /Visibility cycling/ and /structure -editing/ were originally implemented in the package -{{{file(outline-magic.el)}}}, but quickly moved to the more general -{{{file(org.el)}}}. As this environment became comfortable for project -planning, the next step was adding /TODO entries/, basic /timestamps/, -and /table support/. These areas highlighted the two main goals that -Org still has today: to be a new, outline-based, plain text mode with -innovative and intuitive editing features, and to incorporate project -planning functionality directly into a notes file. - -Since the first release, literally thousands of emails to me or to the -[[mailto:emacs-orgmode@gnu.org][mailing list]] have provided a constant stream of bug reports, feedback, -new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code. Many thanks to -everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am trying to keep -here a list of the people who had significant influence in shaping one -or more aspects of Org. The list may not be complete, if I have -forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and let me know. - -Before I get to this list, a few special mentions are in order: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Bastien Guerry :: - - Bastien has written a large number of extensions to Org (most of them - integrated into the core by now), including the LaTeX exporter and - the plain list parser. His support during the early days, when he - basically acted as co-maintainer, was central to the success of this - project. Bastien also invented Worg, helped establishing the Web - presence of Org, and sponsored hosting costs for the ~orgmode.org~ - website. - -- Eric Schulte and Dan Davison :: - - Eric and Dan are jointly responsible for the Org-babel system, which - turns Org into a multi-language environment for evaluating code and - doing literate programming and reproducible research. - -- John Wiegley :: - - John has contributed a number of great ideas and patches directly to - Org, including the attachment system ({{{file(org-attach.el)}}}), - integration with Apple Mail ({{{file(org-mac-message.el)}}}), - hierarchical dependencies of TODO items, habit tracking - ({{{file(org-habits.el)}}}), and encryption - ({{{file(org-crypt.el)}}}). Also, the capture system is really an - extended copy of his great {{{file(remember.el)}}}. - -- Sebastian Rose :: - - Without Sebastian, the HTML/XHTML publishing of Org would be the - pitiful work of an ignorant amateur. Sebastian has pushed this part of - Org onto a much higher level. He also wrote {{{file(org-info.js)}}}, a - Java script for displaying webpages derived from Org using an - Info-like or a folding interface with single-key navigation. - - -{{{noindent}}} See [[List of contributions][below]] for the full list of contributions! Again, -please let me know what I am missing here! - -** From Bastien - -I (Bastien) have been maintaining Org since January 2011. This -appendix would not be complete without adding a few more -acknowledgements and thanks to Carsten's ones above. - -I am first grateful to Carsten for his trust while handing me over the -maintainership of Org. His support as been great since day one of this -new adventure, and it helped a lot. - -When I took over maintainership, I knew I would have to make Org more -collaborative than ever, as I would have to rely on people that are -more knowledgeable than I am on many parts of the code. Here is a list -of the persons I could rely on, they should really be considered -co-maintainers, either of the code or the community: - -#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic @asis -- Eric Schulte :: - - Eric is maintaining the Babel parts of Org. His reactivity here kept - me away from worrying about possible bugs here and let me focus on - other parts. - -- Nicolas Goaziou :: - - Nicolas is maintaining the consistency of the deepest parts of Org. - His work on {{{file(org-element.el)}}} and {{{file(org-export.el)}}} - has been outstanding, and opened the doors for many new ideas and - features. - -- Jambunathan K :: - - Jambunathan contributed the ODT exporter, definitly a killer feature - of Org mode. He also contributed the new HTML exporter, which is - another core feature of Org. Here too, I knew I could rely on him to - fix bugs in these areas and to patiently explain the users what was - the problems and solutions. - -- Achim Gratz :: - - Achim rewrote the building process of Org, turning some /ad hoc/ tools - into a flexible and conceptually clean process. He patiently coped - with the many hicups that such a change can create for users. - -- Nick Dokos :: - - The Org mode mailing list would not be such a nice place without Nick, - who patiently helped users so many times. It is impossible to - overestimate such a great help, and the list would not be so active - without him. - - -I received support from so many users that it is clearly impossible to be -fair when shortlisting a few of them---but Org's history would not be -complete if the ones above were not mentioned in this manual. - -** List of contributions - -- Russel Adams came up with the idea for drawers. - -- Thomas Baumann wrote {{{file(org-bbdb.el)}}} and {{{file(org-mhe.el)}}}. - -- Christophe Bataillon created the great unicorn logo that we use on - the Org mode website. - -- Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding timestamps. - -- Jan Böcker wrote {{{file(org-docview.el)}}}. - -- Brad Bozarth showed how to pull RSS feed data into Org mode files. - -- Tom Breton wrote {{{file(org-choose.el)}}}. - -- Charles Cave's suggestion sparked the implementation of templates - for Remember, which are now templates for capture. - -- Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with - specified time. - -- Gregory Chernov patched support for Lisp forms into table - calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by - porting {{{file(nouline.el)}}} to XEmacs. - -- Sacha Chua suggested copying some linking code from Planner. - -- Baoqiu Cui contributed the DocBook exporter. - -- Eddward DeVilla proposed and tested checkbox statistics. He also - came up with the idea of properties, and that there should be an API - for them. - -- Nick Dokos tracked down several nasty bugs. - -- Kees Dullemond used to edit projects lists directly in HTML and so - inspired some of the early development, including HTML export. He - also asked for a way to narrow wide table columns. - -- Thomas S. Dye contributed documentation on Worg and helped - integrating the Org-Babel documentation into the manual. - -- Christian Egli converted the documentation into Texinfo format, - inspired the agenda, patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, - and wrote {{{file(org-taskjuggler.el)}}}. - -- David Emery provided a patch for custom CSS support in exported - HTML agendas. - -- Nic Ferrier contributed mailcap and XOXO support. - -- Miguel A. Figueroa-Villanueva implemented hierarchical checkboxes. - -- John Foerch figured out how to make incremental search show - context around a match in a hidden outline tree. - -- Raimar Finken wrote {{{file(org-git-line.el)}}}. - -- Mikael Fornius works as a mailing list moderator. - -- Austin Frank works as a mailing list moderator. - -- Eric Fraga drove the development of BEAMER export with ideas and - testing. - -- Barry Gidden did proofreading the manual in preparation for the - book publication through Network Theory Ltd. - -- Niels Giesen had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees. - -- Nicolas Goaziou rewrote much of the plain list code. - -- Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts with other packages. - -- Brian Gough of Network Theory Ltd publishes the Org mode manual as - a book. - -- Bernt Hansen has driven much of the support for auto-repeating - tasks, task state change logging, and the clocktable. His clear - explanations have been critical when we started to adopt the Git - version control system. - -- Manuel Hermenegildo has contributed various ideas, small fixes - and patches. - -- Phil Jackson wrote {{{file(org-irc.el)}}}. - -- Scott Jaderholm proposed footnotes, control over whitespace - between folded entries, and column view for properties. - -- Matt Jones wrote /MobileOrg Android/. - -- Tokuya Kameshima wrote {{{file(org-wl.el)}}} and {{{file(org-mew.el)}}}. - -- Shidai Liu ("Leo") asked for embedded LaTeX and tested it. He - also provided frequent feedback and some patches. - -- Matt Lundin has proposed last-row references for table formulas - and named invisible anchors. He has also worked a lot on the FAQ. - -- David Maus wrote {{{file(org-atom.el)}}}, maintains the issues - file for Org, and is a prolific contributor on the mailing list with - competent replies, small fixes and patches. - -- Jason F. McBrayer suggested agenda export to CSV format. - -- Max Mikhanosha came up with the idea of refiling. - -- Dmitri Minaev sent a patch to set priority limits on a per-file - basis. - -- Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler - happy. - -- Richard Moreland wrote /MobileOrg/ for the iPhone. - -- Rick Moynihan proposed allowing multiple TODO sequences in a file - and being able to quickly restrict the agenda to a subtree. - -- Todd Neal provided patches for links to Info files and Elisp forms. - -- Greg Newman refreshed the unicorn logo into its current form. - -- Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for - general file links, and TAGS. - -- Osamu Okano wrote {{{file(orgcard2ref.pl)}}}, a Perl program to - create a text version of the reference card. - -- Takeshi Okano translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial - into Japanese. - -- Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items. - -- Scott Otterson sparked the introduction of descriptive text for - links, among other things. - -- Pete Phillips helped during the development of the TAGS feature, - and provided frequent feedback. - -- Martin Pohlack provided the code snippet to bundle character - insertion into bundles of 20 for undo. - -- T.V. Raman reported bugs and suggested improvements. - -- Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and - quality control. - -- Paul Rivier provided the basic implementation of named footnotes. - He also acted as mailing list moderator for some time. - -- Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts. - -- Frank Ruell solved the mystery of the ~keymapp nil~ bug, a - conflict with {{{file(allout.el)}}}. - -- Jason Riedy generalized the send-receive mechanism for Orgtbl - tables with extensive patches. - -- Philip Rooke created the Org reference card, provided lots of - feedback, developed and applied standards to the Org documentation. - -- Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among - other things. - -- Paul Sexton wrote {{{file(org-ctags.el)}}}. - -- Tom Shannon's {{{file(organizer-mode.el)}}} inspired linking to VM/BBDB/Gnus. - -- Ilya Shlyakhter proposed the Archive Sibling, line numbering in - literal examples, and remote highlighting for referenced code lines. - -- Stathis Sideris wrote the {{{file(ditaa.jar)}}} ASCII to PNG - converter that is now packaged into Org's {{{file(contrib)}}} - directory. - -- Daniel Sinder came up with the idea of internal archiving by - locking subtrees. - -- Dale Smith proposed link abbreviations. - -- James TD Smith has contributed a large number of patches for - useful tweaks and features. - -- Adam Spiers asked for global linking commands, inspired the link - extension system, added support for mairix, and proposed the mapping - API. - -- Ulf Stegemann created the table to translate special symbols to - HTML, LaTeX, UTF-8, Latin-1 and ASCII. - -- Andy Stewart contributed code to {{{file(org-w3m.el)}}}, to copy - HTML content with links transformation to Org syntax. - -- David O'Toole wrote {{{file(org-publish.el)}}} and drafted the - manual chapter about publishing. - -- Jambunathan K contributed the ODT exporter. - -- Sebastien Vauban reported many issues with LaTeX and BEAMER - export and enabled source code highlighting in Gnus. - -- Stefan Vollmar organized a video-recorded talk at the - Max-Planck-Institute for Neurology. He also inspired the creation - of a concept index for HTML export. - -- J\"urgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents - in HTML output. - -- Samuel Wales has provided important feedback and bug reports. - -- Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the {{{samp(QUOTE)}}} - keyword. - -- David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the - linking system. - -- Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in - linking to Gnus. - -- Roland Winkler requested additional key bindings to make Org work - on a tty. - -- Piotr Zielinski wrote {{{file(org-mouse.el)}}}, proposed agenda - blocks and contributed various ideas and code snippets. - -* GNU Free Documentation License -:PROPERTIES: -:APPENDIX: t -:DESCRIPTION: The license for this documentation. -:END: - -#+TEXINFO: @include ../doc/doclicense.texi - -* Concept index -:PROPERTIES: -:ALT_TITLE: Main Index -:INDEX: cp -:DESCRIPTION: Org's concepts and features -:END: - -* Key index - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Key bindings and where they are described - :ALT_TITLE: Key Index - :INDEX: ky - :END: - -* Command and function index - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Command names and some internal functions - :ALT_TITLE: Command and Function Index - :INDEX: fn - :END: - -* Variable index - :PROPERTIES: - :DESCRIPTION: Variables mentioned in the manual - :ALT_TITLE: Variable Index - :INDEX: vr - :END: - -This is not a complete index of variables and faces, only the ones -that are mentioned in the manual. For a more complete list, use -{{{kbdspckey(M-x org-customize,RET)}}} and then click yourself through -the tree. - -* Copying - :PROPERTIES: - :copying: t - :END: - -This manual is for Org version {{{version}}}. - -Copyright (C) 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -#+BEGIN_QUOTE -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no -Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' -and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license -is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.'' - -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and -modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in -developing GNU and promoting software freedom.'' - -This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free -Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document -separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the -license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. -#+END_QUOTE - -* Macro definitions :noexport: - -# Version macro, with commit hash -#+MACRO: version (eval (pcase (split-string (org-version nil t) "[ (_]" t) (`(,_ ,_ ,n ,_ ,r . ,_) (format "%s (release_%s)" n r)))) - -# Markup macros. In texinfo export they will be marked up, otherwise -# they will be inserted verbatim. markup is the generic form that can -# be used to insert any @-command with the second variable being the -# text to mark up. -#+MACRO: markup @@info:@$1{@@$2@@info:}@@ -#+MACRO: kbd {{{markup(kbd,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: key {{{markup(key,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: samp {{{markup(samp,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: command {{{markup(command,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: file {{{markup(file,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: var {{{markup(var,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: cite {{{markup(cite,$1)}}} -#+MACRO: value {{{markup(value,$1)}}} - -#+MACRO: kbdkey {{{kbd($1{{{key($2)}}})}}} -#+MACRO: kbdspckey {{{kbd($1 {{{key($2)}}})}}} -#+MACRO: ksksksk {{{kbd($1 {{{key($2)}}} $3 {{{key($4)}}})}}} -#+MACRO: ksksksksk {{{kbd($1 {{{key($2)}}} $3 {{{key($4)}}} {{{key($5)}}})}}} -#+MACRO: kbdkeys {{{kbd($1{{{key($2)}}}{{{key($3)}}})}}} - -# Plain macros. -#+MACRO: noindent @@info:@noindent@@ -#+MACRO: result @@info:@result{}@@ -#+MACRO: page @@info:@page@@ - -* Instructions for use :noexport: -- [ ] Tangle the makefile, `C-c C-v t' -- [ ] Execute [[Editing setup][this source code block]] -- [ ] Asynchronously generate the info file, `C-e i i' - -* Improvements and fixes [10/12] :noexport: -- [X] Jon will fix detailed node listing -- [X] Jon will fix :INDEX: property -- [ ] New link type to generate pxref? (asked on ML) -- [X] New macro for kbdkey that preserves space, e.g., `C-c <RET>' -- [X] Indent examples one more space to match indentation of footnotes -- [X] How to generate @kbd{\}? -- [X] How to generate @kbd{~}? -- [X] How to include GNU Free Documentation License as Appendix D? -- [X] Straighten out footnotes -- [X] Truncated footnote (asked on ML) -- [ ] Resolve macros with XXX arguments -- [X] Get @appendix instead of @chapter? - -* Nicolas Goaziou's instructions for v.8 :noexport: - -** Global Changes -All occurrences of "#+LABEL:" should be replaced with "#+NAME:". - -*** TODO Replace #+LABEL with #+NAME - -** Chapter 2, Document Structure - :PROPERTIES: - :CATEGORY: Ch. 2 - :END: -In "2. Document Structure", one section could be added about -cross-referencing, which would point to "Internal links". There, targets -in comments can be removed. Also most back-ends will turn links to -targets into proper cross-reference number (see `org-export-get-ordinal' -docstring for cases handled). - -*** TODO Add section about cross-referencing - -** Chapter 4, Hyperlinks - :PROPERTIES: - :CATEGORY: Ch. 4 - :END: -"Internal links". There, targets -in comments can be removed. Also most back-ends will turn links to -targets into proper cross-reference number (see `org-export-get-ordinal' -docstring for cases handled). - -*** TODO Remove targets in comments - -** Chapter 11, Markup for Rich Export - :PROPERTIES: - :CATEGORY: Ch. 11 - :END: -*** Include Keyword -The "#+INCLUDE:" keyword syntax and effect is slightly different. You -may want to look at `org-export-expand-include-keyword'. - -**** TODO Revise Include keyword -** Chapter 12, Exporting - :PROPERTIES: - :CATEGORY: Ch. 12 - :END: -*** Export Options -In "12. Exporting", "Export options" section need an overhaul. See -`org-export-options-alist' for the default list of export options. Other -options are back-end specific and should be introduced in their own -section. Also "#+KEYWORD:" renaming into ":EXPORT_KEYWORD:" property is -systematic. - -**** TODO Overhaul Export options section - -**** TODO KEYWORD now EXPORT_KEYWORD - -*** Macros -There should also be a section about macros (and move it out of "11 -Markup for rich export"), general, hard-coded ({{{time(...)}}}, -{{{property(...)}}}, {{{input-file}}} and {{{modification-time(...)}}}) -and specific ({{{date}}}, {{{author}}}, {{{title}}} and {{{email}}}). It -should be specified that macros are recursive and only apply to one -line. Therefore, they are appropriate for small replacements. For more -complex ones, one may use Babel instead. - -**** TODO Write macros section -Subsections: General, Hard-coded, Specific - -*** Filters -There should also be a section about filters used to customize export -output and another one about `org-export-define-derived-backend' which -allow someone to tweak a back-end. - -**** TODO Write filters section - -*** Define derived back-end -and another one about `org-export-define-derived-backend' which -allow someone to tweak a back-end. - -**** TODO Write derived back-end section - -*** Export Snippets -A section can be added about export snippets, i.e. - - @@ob-latex:\something{...}@@ - -They are a generalization for @<html> tags. - -**** TODO Write export snippets section -*** Captions -There may be a section about captions and their syntax. A note should -specify that export back-ends may or may not respect a caption. On the -other hand "11.2 Images and Tables" focuses on captions. Since these are -not specific to Images and Tables, it may be removed. - -**** TODO Write captions section -*** Back-ends -I would also regroup every back-end into a sub-section to not clutter -main section. - -Other options are back-end specific and should be introduced in their -own section. - -Also most back-ends will turn links to -targets into proper cross-reference number (see `org-export-get-ordinal' -docstring for cases handled). - - -**** Old back-ends - -"DocBook export" (though texinfo back-end can export to DocBook) and -"XOXO export" sections can be removed as the back-ends are discontinued. -There is no equivalent to "Taskjuggler export" yet, so it can be removed -too. - -***** TODO Remove DocBook backend - -***** TODO Remove XOXO backend - -***** TODO Remove Taskjuggler backend - -**** Back-end template -These are only suggestion. There is also probably many more things to -do. But I think that the hardest part is to start writing it. If you -come up with a good organization for e-latex back-end documentation, we -can use it for other back-ends thereafter. - -***** TODO Write back-end template - -****** TODO Does back-end turn links to targets? - -**** LaTeX Back-end -About the latex back-end, you know certainly a lot. It should be -specified that it introduces 3 new keywords, namely "LATEX_CLASS", -"LATEX_CLASS_OPTIONS" and "LATEX_HEADER". It also introduces -"BEGIN_LATEX" and "BEGIN_TEX" blocks (the latter being just a synonym -for the former). It would be worth to add that it handles footnotes in -item tags and footnotes within footnotes. It also handles booktabs, -paralist types, automatic babel language selection with #+LANGUAGE: in -addition to already present features (minted/listings package handling). - -***** TODO Write LaTeX back-end -**** Beamer Back-end -The BEAMER export back-end deserves, IMO, its own section. - -***** TODO Write Beamer back-end -**** TexInfo Back-end -> BTW, it would be great to have a texinfo exporter so the Org -> documentation could be written in Org-mode :) - -There is one, albeit barely tested: (require 'org-e-texinfo). - -though texinfo back-end can export to DocBook - -***** TODO Write texinfo backend -*** Export dispatcher -I think that the export dispatcher doesn't deserve its own section. The -introduction to Export subsystem can talk about "M-x -org-export-dispatch" (bound to C-c C-e) instead. -**** TODO Remove export dispatcher section - -*** Smart quotes -There should be a section about smart-quotes too. - -**** TODO Add smart quotes section - -* Org-mode setup :noexport: -** Editing setup -#+name: setup-editing -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :noweb yes -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(require 'ox-texinfo) -(define-key org-mode-map (kbd "C-c e") 'org-export-dispatch) -(setq org-src-preserve-indentation t) -(setq org-export-in-background t) -(setq org-export-async-debug t) -(setq org-export-async-init-file (expand-file-name "init.el")) -(setq org-pretty-entities nil) -(setq org-footnote-auto-adjust nil) -(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil) -(org-babel-do-load-languages - 'org-babel-load-languages - '((emacs-lisp . t) - (sh . t))) -(org-add-link-type - "pxref" nil - (lambda (path desc format) - (cond - ((eq format 'html) - (format "<span class=\"pxref\">%s</span>" path)) - ((eq format 'latex) - (format "\\ref{%s}" path)) - ((eq format 'texinfo) - (format "@pxref{%s,%s}" path desc))))) -(add-to-list 'org-export-snippet-translation-alist - '("info" . "texinfo")) -#+end_src - -** init.el file -This source code block requires paths to your Org mode installation. -Modify accordingly. - -#+name: emacs-init -#+header: :tangle init.el -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(setq load-path (cons "~/.emacs.d/src/org-mode/lisp" load-path)) -; (setq load-path (cons "~/.emacs.d/src/org-mode/contrib/lisp" load-path)) -(require 'ox-texinfo) -(setq org-src-preserve-indentation t) -(setq org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil) -(setq org-footnote-auto-adjust nil) -(org-babel-do-load-languages - 'org-babel-load-languages - '((emacs-lisp . t) - (makefile . t) - (sh . t))) -(add-to-list 'org-export-snippet-translation-alist - '("info" . "texinfo")) -#+end_src - -** Texi -> Org helpers :noexport: -This section contains source code blocks that help translate from -=texinfo= to =Org=. - -#+name: tsd-helpers -#+header: :noweb yes -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -<<tsd-index-to-macro>> -<<tsd-samp-to-macro>> -<<tsd-kbdkey-to-macro>> -<<tsd-kbd-to-macro>> -<<tsd-key-to-macro>> -<<tsd-command-to-macro>> -<<tsd-file-to-macro>> -<<tsd-noindent>> -<<tsd-example-block-begin>> -<<tsd-example-block-end>> -<<tsd-table-begin>> -<<tsd-table-end>> -<<tsd-pxref>> -<<tsd-xref>> -<<tsd-ref>> -<<tsd-orgcmd>> -<<tsd-orgkey>> -<<tsd-code-to-markup>> -<<tsd-emph-to-markup>> -<<tsd-i-to-markup>> -<<tsd-lisp-begin>> -<<tsd-lisp-end>> -#+end_src - -#+results: tsd-helpers -: tsd-lisp-end - -#+name: tsd-index-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-index-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @[cpfvk]index commands. Doesn't handle commas." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@\\([cpfvk]\\)index\\ \\(.*\\)$" "{{{\\1index(\\2)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-samp-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-samp-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @samp commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@samp{\\([^}]*\\)}" "{{{samp(\\1)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-kbdkey-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-kbdkey-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @kbd,@key commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@kbd{\\([^@]*\\)@key{\\([^}]*\\)}}" "{{{kbdkey(\\1,\\2)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-kbd-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-kbd-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @kbd commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@kbd{\\([^}]*\\)}" "{{{kbd(\\1)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-key-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-key-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @key commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@key{\\([^}]*\\)}" "{{{key(\\1)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-command-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-command-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @command commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@command{\\([^}]*\\)}" "{{{command(\\1)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-file-to-macro -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-file-to-macro () - "Make macros out of @file commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@file{\\([^}]*\\)}" "{{{file(\\1)}}}" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-noindent -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-noindent () - "Make macros out of @noindent commands." - (interactive) - (query-replace "@noindent" "{{{noindent}}}" t)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-example-block-begin -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-example-block-begin () - "Convert example blocks." - (interactive) - (query-replace "@example" "#+begin_example" t)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-example-block-end -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-example-block-end () - "Convert example blocks." - (interactive) - (query-replace "@end example" "#+end_example" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-table-begin -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-table-begin () - "Convert table blocks." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@table\\ \\([@a-z]*\\)" "#+attr_texinfo: :table-type table :indic \\1 t)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-table-end -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-table-end () - "Convert table blocks." - (interactive) - (query-replace "@end table" "" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-pxref -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-pxref () - "Convert @pxref to links." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@pxref{\\([^}]*\\)}" "see \[\[\\1\]\]" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-xref -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-xref () - "Convert @xref to links." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@xref{\\([^}]*\\)}" "See \[\[\\1\]\]" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-ref -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-ref () - "Convert @ref to links." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@ref{\\([^}]*\\)}" "\[\[\\1\]\]" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-orgcmd -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-orgcmd () - "Convert @orgcmd to list entry." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@orgcmd{\\([^,]*\\),\\([^}]*\\)}" "- {{{kbd(\\1)}}}, ~\\2~ ::" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-orgkey -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-orgkey () - "Convert @orgkey to list entry." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@orgkey{\\([^}]*\\)}" "- {{{kbd(\\1)}}} ::" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-code-to-markup -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-code-to-markup () - "Convert @code to markup." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@code{\\([^}]*\\)}" "~\\1~" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-emph-to-markup -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-emph-to-markup () - "Convert @emph to markup." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@emph{\\([^}]*\\)}" "/\\1/" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-i-to-markup -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-i-to-markup () - "Convert @i to markup." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@i{\\([^}]*\\)}" "/\\1/" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-b-to-markup -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-b-to-markup () - "Convert @b to markup." - (interactive) - (query-replace-regexp "@b{\\([^}]*\\)}" "*\\1*" nil)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-lisp-begin -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-lisp-begin () - "Convert @lisp blocks." - (interactive) - (query-replace "@lisp" "#+begin_src emacs-lisp" t)) -#+end_src - -#+name: tsd-lisp-end -#+header: :results silent -#+header: :eval no-export -#+begin_src emacs-lisp -(defun tsd-lisp-end () - "Convert @lisp blocks." - (interactive) - (query-replace "@end lisp" "#+end_src" nil)) -#+end_src - -* Footnotes - -[fn:1] The iCalendar file will contain TODO and agenda items only. - -[fn:2] If your Emacs distribution does not come with Org, -the function ~org-version~ will not be defined. - -[fn:3] The ~master~ branch is where development takes place. - -[fn:4] The output from install-info (if any) is system dependent. In -particular, Debian and its derivatives use two different versions of -install-info. You may safely ignore the message: -#+begin_example - This is not dpkg install-info anymore, but GNU install-info - See the man page for ginstall-info for command line arguments -#+end_example -returned by install-info. - -[fn:5] If you don't use font-lock globally, turn it on in an Org -buffer with ~(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)~. - -[fn:6] Please consider subscribing to the mailing list in order to -minimize the work the mailing list moderators have to do. - -[fn:7] Easy templates insert lowercase keywords and Babel dynamically -inserts ~#+results~. - -[fn:8] See the variables ~org-special-ctrl-a/e~, ~org-special-ctrl-k~, -and ~org-ctrl-k-protect-subtree~ to configure special behavior of -{{{kbd(C-a)}}}, {{{kbd(C-e)}}}, and {{{kbd(C-k)}}} in headlines. Note -also that clocking only works with headings indented less than 30 -stars. - -[fn:9] See the option ~org-cycle-global-at-bob~. - -[fn:10] The indirect buffer will contain the entire buffer, but will -be narrowed to the current tree. Editing the indirect buffer will also -change the original buffer, but without affecting visibility in that -buffer. For more information about indirect buffers, -[[info:emacs:Indirect Buffers][GNU Emacs Manual]]. - -[fn:11] If you do not want the line to be split, customize the -variable ~org-M-RET-may-split-line~. - -[fn:12] See also the variables ~org-show-hierarchy-above~, -~org-show-following-heading~, ~org-show-siblings~, and -~org-show-entry-below~ for detailed control on how much context is -shown around each match. - -[fn:13] This depends on the option ~org-remove-highlights-with-change~. - -[fn:14] This does not work under XEmacs, because XEmacs uses selective -display for outlining, not text properties. - -[fn:15] When using ~*~ as a bullet, lines must be indented or they will -be seen as top-level headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading -stars to get a clean outline view, plain list items starting with a -star may be hard to distinguish from true headlines. In short: even -though ~*~ is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list -items. - -[fn:16] You can filter out any of them by configuring -~org-plain-list-ordered-item-terminator~. - -[fn:17] If there's a checkbox in the item, the cookie must be put -_before_ the checkbox. If you have activated alphabetical lists, you -can also use counters like ~[@b]~. - -[fn:18] Org only changes the filling settings for Emacs. For XEmacs, -you should use Kyle E. Jones' {{{file(filladapt.el)}}}. - -[fn:19] If you do not want the item to be split, customize the -variable ~org-M-RET-may-split-line~. - -[fn:20] If you want to cycle around items that way, you may customize -~org-list-use-circular-motion~. - -[fn:21] See ~org-list-use-circular-motion~ for a cyclic behavior. - -[fn:24] Centering does not work inside Emacs, but it does have an -effect when exporting to HTML. - -[fn:26] For backward compatibility you can also use special names like -~$LR5~ and ~$LR12~ to refer in a stable way to the fifth and twelfth -field in the last row of the table. However, this syntax is -deprecated, it should not be used for new documents. Use ~@>$~ -instead. - -[fn:25] Org will understand references typed by the user as -{{{samp(B4)}}}, but it will not use this syntax when offering a -formula for editing. You can customize this behavior using the -variable ~org-table-use-standard-references~. - -[fn:22] To insert a vertical bar into a table field, use ~\vert~ or, -inside a word ~abc\vert{}def~. - -[fn:23] This feature does not work on XEmacs. - -[fn:27] The computation time scales as O(N^2) because table FOO is -parsed for each field to be copied. - -[fn:28] The {{{file(calc)}}} package has the non-standard -convention that ~/~ has lower precedence than ~*~, so that ~a/b*c~ is -interpreted as ~a/(b*c)~. - -[fn:29] The ~printf~ reformatting is limited in precision because the -value passed to it is converted into an ~integer~ or ~double~. The -~integer~ is limited in size by truncating the signed value to 32 -bits. The ~double~ is limited in precision to 64 bits overall which -leaves approximately 16 significant decimal digits. - -[fn:30] Such names must start with an alphabetic character and use -only alphanumeric/underscore characters. - -[fn:31] Note that text before the first headline is usually not -exported, so the first such target should be after the first headline, -or in the line directly before the first headline. - -[fn:32] To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion -can be used. Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into -the buffer and press {{{kbdkey(M-,TAB)}}}. All headlines in the -current buffer will be offered as completions. - -[fn:33] The actual behavior of the search will depend on the value of -the variable ~org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline~. If its value -is ~nil~, then a fuzzy text search will be done. If it is ~t~, then -only the exact headline will be matched. If the value is -{{{samp('query-to-create)}}}, then an exact headline will be searched; -if it is not found, then the user will be queried to create it. - -[fn:34] If the headline contains a timestamp, it will be removed from -the link and result in a wrong link -- you should avoid putting a -timestamp in the headline. - -[fn:35] Note that you don't have to use this command to insert a link. -Links in Org are plain text, and you can type or paste them straight -into the buffer. By using this command, the links are automatically -enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for the optional -descriptive text. - -[fn:36] After insertion of a stored link, the link will be removed -from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list later use, use a -triple {{{kbd(C-u)}}} prefix argument to {{{kbd(C-c C-l)}}}, or -configure the option ~org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion~. - -[fn:37] This works if a function has been defined in the ~:complete~ -property of a link in ~org-link-parameters~. - -[fn:38] See the variable ~org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer~. - -[fn:44] Check also the variable ~org-fast-tag-selection-include-todo~, -it allows you to change the TODO state through the tags interface -([[Setting tags]]), in case you like to mingle the two concepts. Note that -this means you need to come up with unique keys across both sets of -keywords. - -[fn:39] For backward compatibility, line numbers can also follow a -single colon. - -[fn:40] Of course, you can make a document that contains only long -lists of TODO items, but this is not required. - -[fn:41] Changing the variable ~org-todo-keywords~ only becomes -effective after restarting Org mode in a buffer. - -[fn:42] This is also true for the {{{kbd(t)}}} command in the timeline -and agenda buffers. - -[fn:43] All characters are allowed except ~@^!~, which have a special -meaning here. - -[fn:45] Org mode parses these lines only when Org mode is activated -after visiting a file. {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} with the cursor in a line -starting with {{{samp(#+)}}} is simply restarting Org mode for the -current buffer. - -[fn:46] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: ~#+STARTUP: logdone~. - -[fn:47] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: ~#+STARTUP: lognotedone~. - -[fn:48] See the variable ~org-log-states-order-reversed~. - -[fn:54] {{{kbd(C-u C-c C-c)}}} on the /first/ item of a list with no -checkbox will add checkboxes to the rest of the list. - -[fn:49] It is possible that Org mode will record two timestamps when -you are using both ~org-log-done~ and state change logging. However, -it will never prompt for two notes---if you have configured both, the -state change recording note will take precedence and cancel the -{{{samp(Closing Note)}}}. - -[fn:50] See also the option ~org-priority-start-cycle-with-default~. - -[fn:51] To keep subtasks out of the global TODO list, see the -~org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels~. - -[fn:52] With the exception of description lists. But you can allow it -by modifying ~org-list-automatic-rules~ accordingly. - -[fn:53] Set the variable ~org-hierarchical-checkbox-statistics~ if you -want such cookies to count all checkboxes below the cookie, not just -those belonging to direct children. - -[fn:55] As with all these in-buffer settings, pressing -{{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} activates any changes in the line. - -[fn:56] This is only true if the search does not involve more complex -tests including properties (see [[Property searches]]). - -[fn:57] Keys will automatically be assigned to tags that have no -configured keys. - -[fn:58] Please note that the COLUMNS definition must be on a single -line---it is wrapped here only because of formatting constraints. - -[fn:59] Contributed packages are not part of Emacs, but are -distributed with the main distribution of Org (visit -[[http://orgmode.org]]). - -[fn:60] The Org date format is inspired by the standard ISO 8601 -date/time format. To use an alternative format, see [[Custom time -format]]. The day name is optional when you type the date yourself. -However, any dates inserted or modified by Org will add that day name, -for reading convenience. - -[fn:61] When working with the standard diary sexp functions, you need -to be very careful with the order of the arguments. That order depends -evilly on the variable ~calendar-date-style~ (or, for older Emacs -versions, ~european-calendar-style~). For example, to specify a date -December 12, 2005, the call might look like ~(diary-date 12 1 2005)~ -or ~(diary-date 1 12 2005)~ or ~(diary-date 2005 12 1)~, depending on -the settings. This has been the source of much confusion. Org mode -users can resort to special versions of these functions like -~org-date~ or ~org-anniversary~. These work just like the -corresponding ~diary-~ functions, but with stable ISO order of -arguments (year, month, day) wherever applicable, independent of the -value of ~calendar-date-style~. - -[fn:62] See the variable ~org-read-date-prefer-future~. You may -set that variable to the symbol ~time~ to even make a time before now -shift the date to tomorrow. - -[fn:63] If you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable -~org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt~. - -[fn:64] If you find this distracting, turn off the display with -~org-read-date-display-live~. - -[fn:65] It will still be listed on that date after it has been marked -DONE. If you don't like this, set the variable -~org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done~. - -[fn:66] The {{{samp(SCHEDULED)}}} and {{{samp(DEADLINE)}}} dates are -inserted on the line right below the headline. Don't put any text -between this line and the headline. - -[fn:67] Note the corresponding ~#+STARTUP~ keywords ~logredeadline~, -~lognoteredeadline~, and ~nologredeadline~. - -[fn:68] Note the corresponding ~#+STARTUP~ keywords ~logreschedule~, -~lognotereschedule~, and ~nologreschedule~. - -[fn:69] In fact, the target state is taken from, in this sequence, the -~REPEAT_TO_STATE~ property or the variable ~org-todo-repeat-to-state~. -If neither of these is specified, the target state defaults to the -first state of the TODO state sequence. - -[fn:70] You can change this using the option ~org-log-repeat~, or the -~#+STARTUP~ options ~logrepeat~, ~lognoterepeat~, and ~nologrepeat~. -With ~lognoterepeat~, you will also be prompted for a note. - -[fn:71] Clocking only works if all headings are indented with less -than 30 stars. This is a hardcoded limitation of ~lmax~ in -~org-clock-sum~. - -[fn:72] To resume the clock under the assumption that you have worked -on this task while outside Emacs, use ~(setq org-clock-persist t)~. - -[fn:73] To add an effort estimate ``on the fly'', hook a function -doing this to ~org-clock-in-prepare-hook~. - -[fn:74] The last reset of the task is recorded by the ~LAST_REPEAT~ -property. - -[fn:75] See also the variable ~org-clock-modeline-total~. - -[fn:76] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: -~#+STARTUP: lognoteclock-out~. - -[fn:77] Language terms can be set through the variable -~org-clock-clocktable-language-setup~. - -[fn:78] Note that all parameters must be specified in a single -line---the line is broken here only to fit it into the manual. - -[fn:79] On computers using Mac OS X, idleness is based on actual user -idleness, not just Emacs' idle time. For X11, you can install a -utility program {{{file(x11idle.c)}}}, available in the -~contrib/scripts~ directory of the Org git distribution, to get the -same general treatment of idleness. On other systems, idle time refers -to Emacs idle time only. - -[fn:80] You may change the property being used with the variable -~org-effort-property~. - -[fn:86] Note the corresponding ~#+STARTUP~ keywords ~logrefile~, -~lognoterefile~, and ~nologrefile~. - -[fn:81] Please select your own key, {{{kbd(C-c c)}}} is only a -suggestion. - -[fn:82] If you need one of these sequences literally, escape the -{{{kbd(%)}}} with a backslash. - -[fn:83] If you define your own link types (see [[Adding hyperlink -types]]), any property you store with ~org-store-link-props~ can be -accessed in capture templates in a similar way. - -[fn:84] This will always be the other, not the user. See the variable -~org-from-is-user-regexp~. - -[fn:85] If you move entries or Org files from one directory to -another, you may want to configure ~org-attach-directory~ to contain -an absolute path. - -[fn:87] For backward compatibility, the following also works: If there -are several such lines in a file, each specifies the archive location -for the text below it. The first such line also applies to any text -before its definition. However, using this method is /strongly/ -deprecated as it is incompatible with the outline structure of the -document. The correct method for setting multiple archive locations in -a buffer is using properties. - -[fn:94] Only tags filtering will be respected here, effort filtering -is ignored. - -[fn:88] When using the dispatcher, pressing {{{kbd(<)}}} before -selecting a command will actually limit the command to the current -file, and ignore ~org-agenda-files~ until the next dispatcher command. - -[fn:89] For backward compatibility, you can also press {{{kbd(1)}}} to -restrict to the current buffer. - -[fn:90] For backward compatibility, you can also press {{{kbd(0)}}} to -restrict to the current region/subtree. - -[fn:91] For backward compatibility, the universal prefix -{{{kbd(C-u)}}} causes all TODO entries to be listed before the agenda. -This feature is deprecated, use the dedicated TODO list, or a block -agenda instead (see [[Block agenda]]). - -[fn:92] But see [[x-agenda-skip-entry-regexp][skipping entries based on regexp]]. - -[fn:93] For backward compatibility, the following also works: if -there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the category -for the text below it. The first category also applies to any text -before the first CATEGORY line. However, using this method is -/strongly/ deprecated as it is incompatible with the outline structure -of the document. The correct method for setting multiple categories in -a buffer is using a property. - -[fn:95] Custom commands can preset a filter by binding the variable -~org-agenda-tag-filter-preset~ as an option. This filter will then be -applied to the view and persist as a basic filter through refreshes -and more secondary filtering. The filter is a global property of the -entire agenda view---in a block agenda, you should only set this in -the global options section, not in the section of an individual block. - -[fn:96] You can also create persistent custom functions through -~org-agenda-bulk-custom-functions~. - -[fn:97] The Emacs diary file is parsed for the agenda when -~org-agenda-include-diary~ is set. - -[fn:98] You can provide a description for a prefix key by inserting a -cons cell with the prefix and the description. - -[fn:99] For HTML you need to install Hrvoje Niksic's -{{{file(htmlize.el)}}}. To create PDF output, the ghostscript -{{{file(ps2pdf)}}} utility must be installed on the system. Selecting -a PDF file will also create the postscript file. - -[fn:100] If you want to store standard views like the weekly agenda or -the global TODO list as well, you need to define custom commands for -them in order to be able to specify file names. - -[fn:101] Quoting depends on the system you use, please check the FAQ -for examples. - -[fn:102] This works automatically for the HTML backend (it requires -version 1.34 of the {{{file(htmlize.el)}}} package, which is -distributed with Org). Fontified code chunks in LaTeX can be -achieved using either the listings package or the [[http://code.google.com/p/minted][minted]] package. -Refer to ~org-export-latex-listings~ documentation for details. - -[fn:103] Code in {{{samp(src)}}} blocks may also be evaluated either -interactively or on export. See [[Working with source code]] for more -information on evaluating code blocks. - -[fn:104] Adding ~-k~ to ~-n -r~ will /keep/ the labels in the source -code while using line numbers for the links, which might be useful to -explain those in an Org mode example code. - -[fn:105] Upon exit, lines starting with {{{samp(*)}}}, {{{samp(\,*)}}}, -{{{samp(#+)}}} and {{{samp(\,#+)}}} will get a comma prepended, to keep -them from being interpreted by Org as outline nodes or special syntax. -These commas will be stripped for editing with {{{kbd(C-c ')}}}, and -also for export. - -[fn:106] You may select a different-mode with the variable -~org-edit-fixed-width-region-mode~. - -[fn:107] LaTeX is a macro system based on Donald\nbsp{}E.\nbsp{}Knuth's TeX -system. Many of the features described here as LaTeX are really -from TeX, but for simplicity I am blurring this distinction. - -[fn:108] You can turn this on by default by setting the variable -~org-pretty-entities~, or on a per-file base with the ~#+STARTUP~ -option ~entitiespretty~. - -[fn:109] If you plan to use this regularly or on pages with -significant page views, you should install {{{file(MathJax)}}} on your -own server in order to limit the load of our server. - -[fn:110] For this to work you need to be on a system with a working -LaTeX installation. You also need the {{{file(dvipng)}}} program or -the {{{file(convert)}}}, respectively available at -[[http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/]] and from the -{{{file(ImageMagick)}}} suite. The LaTeX header that will be used -when processing a fragment can be configured with the variable -~org-format-latex-header~. - -[fn:111] When {{{file(MathJax)}}} is used, only the environment -recognized by {{{file(MathJax)}}} will be processed. When -{{{file(dvipng)}}} is used to create images, any LaTeX environments -will be handled. - -[fn:112] Org mode has a method to test if the cursor is inside such a -fragment, see the documentation of the function -~org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p~. - -[fn:113] The variable ~org-export-date-timestamp-format~ defines how -this timestamp will be exported. - -[fn:114] If you want to configure many options this way, you can use -several ~#+OPTIONS~ lines. - -[fn:115] To make this behavior the default, customize the variable -~org-export-run-in-background~. - -[fn:116] This requires ~transient-mark-mode~ be turned on. - -[fn:117] To select the current subtree, use {{{kbd(C-c @)}}}. - -[fn:118] This requires ~transient-mark-mode~ be turned on. - -[fn:119] To select the current subtree, use {{{kbd(C-c @)}}}. - -[fn:120] But see the variable ~org-export-html-inline-images~. - -[fn:121] If you plan to use this regularly or on pages with -significant page views, you should install MathJax on your own server -in order to limit the load of our server. Installation instructions -can be found on the MathJax website, see -[[http://www.mathjax.org/resources/docs/?installation.html]]. - -[fn:122] If the classes on TODO keywords and tags lead to conflicts, -use the variables ~org-export-html-todo-kwd-class-prefix~ and -~org-export-html-tag-class-prefix~ to make them unique. - -[fn:123] This style is defined in the constant -~org-export-html-style-default~, which you should not modify. To turn -inclusion of these defaults off, customize -~org-export-html-style-include-default~. - -[fn:124] The default LaTeX output is designed for processing with -~pdftex~ or LaTeX. It includes packages that are not compatible -with ~xetex~ and possibly ~luatex~. See the variables -~org-export-latex-default-packages-alist~ and -~org-export-latex-packages-alist~. - -[fn:125] This requires ~transient-mark-mode~ be turned on. - -[fn:126] To select the current subtree, use {{{kbd(C-c @)}}}. - -[fn:127] Into which the values of -~org-export-latex-default-packages-alist~ and -~org-export-latex-packages-alist~ are spliced. - -[fn:128] One can also take advantage of this option to pass other, -unrelated options into the figure or table environment. For an example -see the section ``Exporting org files'' in -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-hacks.html]]. - -[fn:129] This requires ~transient-mark-mode~ to be turned on. - -[fn:130] To select the current subtree, use {{{kbd(C-c @)}}}. - -[fn:131] ODT export was added in Org mode version 7.8. - -[fn:132] See [[http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html][Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) -Version 1.2]]. - -[fn:133] This requires ~transient-mark-mode~ to be turned on. - -[fn:134] To select the current subtree, use {{{kbd(C-c @)}}}. - -[fn:135] The column widths are interpreted as weighted ratios with the -default weight being 1. - -[fn:136] Use of {{{file(ImageMagick)}}} is only desirable. However, if -you routinely produce documents that have large images or you export -your Org files that has images using a Emacs batch script, then the -use of {{{file(ImageMagick)}}} is mandatory. - -[fn:137] See [[http://www.mathtoweb.com/cgi-bin/mathtoweb_home.pl][MathToWeb]]. - -[fn:138] Your {{{file(htmlfontify.el)}}} library must at least be at -Emacs 24.1 levels for fontification to be turned on. - -[fn:139] See [[http://docs.oasis-open.org/office/v1.2/OpenDocument-v1.2.html][OpenDocument-v1.2 Specification]]. - -[fn:140] See the ~<table:table-template>~ element of the -OpenDocument-v1.2 specification. - -[fn:141] See the attributes ~table:template-name~, -~table:use-first-row-styles~, ~table:use-last-row-styles~, -~table:use-first-column-styles~, ~table:use-last-column-styles~, -~table:use-banding-rows-styles~, and ~table:use-banding-column-styles~ -of the ~<table:table>~ element in the OpenDocument-v1.2 specification. - -[fn:142] Note that {{{file(.odt)}}} files are {{{samp(zip)}}} -archives. - -[fn:143] See the variables ~org-icalendar-use-deadline~ and -~org-icalendar-use-scheduled~. - -[fn:144] To add inherited tags or the TODO state, configure the -variable ~org-icalendar-categories~. - -[fn:145] The LOCATION property can be inherited from higher in the -hierarchy if you configure ~org-use-property-inheritance~ accordingly. - -[fn:146] The files {{{file(file-source.org)}}} and -{{{file(file-source.org.html)}}} if source and publishing directories -are equal. Note that with this kind of setup, you need to add -~:exclude "-source\\.org"~ to the project definition in -~org-publish-project-alist~ to prevent the published source files from -being considered as new org files the next time the project is -published. - -[fn:147] Note that {{{samp(src)}}} blocks may be inserted using Org -mode's [[Easy templates]] system. - -[fn:148] Whenever code is evaluated there is a potential for that code -to do harm. Org mode provides safeguards to ensure that code is only -evaluated after explicit confirmation from the user. For information -on these safeguards (and on how to disable them) see [[Code evaluation -security]]. - -[fn:149] The ~org-babel-no-eval-on-ctrl-c-ctrl-c~ variable can be used -to remove code evaluation from the {{{kbd(C-c C-c)}}} key binding. - -[fn:150] Note that evaluation of header arguments is guaranteed to -take place in the original Org mode file, while there is no such -guarantee for evaluation of the code block body. - -[fn:151] The example requires that property inheritance be turned on -for the ~noweb-ref~ property, see [[Property inheritance]]. - -[fn:152] In certain languages this also contains the error output -stream; this is an area for future work. - -[fn:153] The last evaluation performed by the interpreter is obtained -in a language-specific manner: the value of the variable ~_~ in Python -and Ruby, and the value of ~.Last.value~ in R. - -[fn:161] If the {{{samp(#+TBLFM)}}} line contains an odd number of -dollar characters, this may cause problems with font-lock in LaTeX -mode. As shown in the example you can fix this by adding an extra line -inside the ~comment~ environment that is used to balance the dollar -expressions. If you are using AUCTeX with the font-latex library, a -much better solution is to add the ~comment~ environment to the -variable ~LaTeX-verbatim-environments~. - -[fn:162] The HTML translator uses the same code that produces tables -during HTML export. - -[fn:154] Note that ~org-indent-mode~ also sets the ~wrap-prefix~ -property, such that ~visual-line-mode~ (or purely setting ~word-wrap~) -wraps long lines (including headlines) correctly indented. - -[fn:155] See the variable ~org-indent-indentation-per-level~. - -[fn:156] Turning on ~org-indent-mode~ sets ~org-hide-leading-stars~ to -~t~ and ~org-adapt-indentation~ to ~nil~. - -[fn:157] See also the variable ~org-adapt-indentation~. - -[fn:158] When you need to specify a level for a property search or -refile targets, ~LEVEL=2~ will correspond to 3 stars, etc. - -[fn:159] The {{{file(org-R.el)}}} package has been replaced by the -Org mode functionality described in [[Working with source code]] and is -now obsolete. - -[fn:160] By default this works only for LaTeX, HTML, and Texinfo. -Configure the variable ~orgtbl-radio-tables~ to install templates for -other modes. - -[fn:163] Note that, when using ~org-odd-levels-only~, a level number -corresponds to order in the hierarchy, not to the number of stars. - -[fn:164] If you can safely store the password in your Emacs setup, you -might also want to configure `org-mobile-encryption-password'. Please -read the docstring of that variable. Note that encryption will apply -only to the contents of the `.org' files. The file names themselves -will remain visible. - -[fn:165] If you cannot use Dropbox, or if your version of MobileOrg -does not support it, you can use a webdav server. For more -information, check out the documentation of MobileOrg and also this -[[http://orgmode.org/worg/org-faq.html#mobileorg_webdav][FAQ entry]]. - -[fn:166] While creating the agendas, Org mode will force ID properties -on all referenced entries, so that these entries can be uniquely -identified if /MobileOrg/ flags them for further action. If you do not -want to get these properties in so many entries, you can set the -variable ~org-mobile-force-id-on-agenda-items~ to ~nil~. Org mode will -then rely on outline paths, in the hope that these will be unique -enough. - -[fn:167] Checksums are stored automatically in the file -{{{file(checksums.dat)}}}. - -[fn:168] The file {{{file(mobileorg.org)}}} will be empty after this -operation. - -[fn:169] Note, however, that there is a subtle difference. The view -created automatically by {{{kbdspckey(M-x org-mobile-pull,RET)}}} is -guaranteed to search all files that have been addressed by the last -pull. This might include a file that is not currently in your list of -agenda files. If you later use {{{kbd(C-c a ?)}}} to regenerate the -view, only the current agenda files will be searched. - -[fn:170] You can also get `a.', `A.', `a)' and `A)' by configuring -`org-alphabetical-lists'. To minimize confusion with normal text, -those are limited to one character only. Beyond that limit, bullets -will automatically fallback to numbers. - -[fn:171] See also ~org-empty-line-terminates-plain-lists~. - -[fn:172] You can define additional drawers on a per-file basis with a -line like ~#+DRAWERS: HIDDEN STATE~. - -[fn:173] The corresponding in-buffer setting is: ~#+STARTUP: fninline~ or -~#+STARTUP: nofninline~. - -[fn:174] The corresponding in-buffer options are ~#+STARTUP: fnadjust~ and -~#+STARTUP: nofnadjust~. - -[fn:175] The file {{{file(constants.el)}}} can supply the values of constants in two -different unit systems, ~SI~ and ~cgs~. Which one is used depends on -the value of the variable ~constants-unit-system~. You can use the -~#+STARTUP:~ options ~constSI~ and ~constcgs~ to set this value for the -current buffer. - -[fn:176] The library {{{file(org-id)}}} must first be loaded, either through -~org-customize~ by enabling ~id~ in ~org-modules~, or by adding -~(require 'org-id)~ in your {{{file(.emacs)}}}. - -[fn:177] The variable ~org-startup-with-inline-images~ can be set -within a buffer with the ~#+STARTUP:~ keywords ~inlineimages~ and -~noinlineimages~. - -[fn:178] Note that the ~LOGBOOK~ drawer is unfolded when pressing -{{{key(SPC)}}} in the agenda to show an entry---use -{{{kbdspckey(C-u,SPC)}}} to keep it folded here. - -[fn:179] Please note the pitfalls of summing hierarchical data in a flat -list ([[Agenda column view]]). - -[fn:180] If the value of that variable is not a list, but a single file -name, then the list of agenda files will be maintained in that external -file. - -[fn:181] The variable ~org-anniversary~ used in the example -is just like ~diary-anniversary~, but the argument order is -always according to ISO and therefore independent of the value of -~calendar-date-style~. - -[fn:182] Emacs 23 and Org mode 6.29 are required. - -[fn:183] Emacs 23.1 can actually crash with ~org-indent-mode~. - -[fn:184] Symbolic links in ~org-directory~ need to have the same name -as their targets. - - -# Local Variables: -# sentence-end-double-space: t -# End: diff --git a/lisp/ob-core.el b/lisp/ob-core.el index 3cfe726..7540ba2 100644 --- a/lisp/ob-core.el +++ b/lisp/ob-core.el @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ This string must include a \"%s\" which will be replaced by the results." (defun org-babel--get-vars (params) "Return the babel variable assignments in PARAMS. -PARAMS is a quasi-alist of header args, whcih may contain +PARAMS is a quasi-alist of header args, which may contain multiple entries for the key `:var'. This function returns a list of the cdr of all the `:var' entries." (mapcar #'cdr @@ -247,15 +247,15 @@ should be asked whether to allow evaluation." (defun org-babel-check-evaluate (info) "Check if code block INFO should be evaluated. - Do not query the user, but do display an informative message if evaluation is blocked. Returns non-nil if evaluation is not blocked." - (let ((evalp (org-babel-check-confirm-evaluate info))) - (when (null evalp) - (message "Evaluation of this %s code-block%sis disabled." + (let ((confirmed (org-babel-check-confirm-evaluate info))) + (unless confirmed + (message "Evaluation of this %s code block%sis disabled." (nth 0 info) - (let ((name (nth 4 info))) (if name (format " (%s) " name) "")))) - evalp)) + (let ((name (nth 4 info))) + (if name (format " (%s) " name) " ")))) + confirmed)) ;; Dynamically scoped for asynchronous export. (defvar org-babel-confirm-evaluate-answer-no) @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ environment, to override this check." (format "Evaluate this %s code block%son your system? " lang name-string))) (progn - (message "Evaluation of this %s code-block%sis aborted." + (message "Evaluation of this %s code block%sis aborted." lang name-string) nil))) (x (error "Unexpected value `%s' from `org-babel-check-confirm-evaluate'" x))))) diff --git a/lisp/ob-js.el b/lisp/ob-js.el index 1a20d7e..0cd3b06 100644 --- a/lisp/ob-js.el +++ b/lisp/ob-js.el @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ :type 'string) (defvar org-babel-js-function-wrapper - "require('sys').print(require('sys').inspect(function(){%s}()));" + "require('sys').print(require('sys').inspect(function(){\n%s\n}()));" "Javascript code to print value of body.") (defun org-babel-execute:js (body params) diff --git a/lisp/ob-tangle.el b/lisp/ob-tangle.el index 5e1b953..a5e18a8 100644 --- a/lisp/ob-tangle.el +++ b/lisp/ob-tangle.el @@ -343,63 +343,42 @@ code file. This function uses `comment-region' which assumes that the appropriate major-mode is set. SPEC has the form: (start-line file link source-name params body comment)" - (let* ((start-line (nth 0 spec)) - (info (nth 4 spec)) - (file (if org-babel-tangle-use-relative-file-links - (file-relative-name (nth 1 spec)) - (nth 1 spec))) - (link (let ((link (nth 2 spec))) - (if org-babel-tangle-use-relative-file-links - (when (string-match org-link-types-re link) - (let ((type (match-string 0 link)) - (link (substring link (match-end 0)))) - (concat - type - (file-relative-name - link - (file-name-directory (cdr (assq :tangle info))))))) - link))) - (source-name (nth 3 spec)) - (body (nth 5 spec)) - (comment (nth 6 spec)) - (comments (cdr (assq :comments info))) - (link-p (or (string= comments "both") (string= comments "link") - (string= comments "yes") (string= comments "noweb"))) - (link-data `(("start-line" . ,(number-to-string start-line)) - ("file" . ,file) - ("link" . ,link) - ("source-name" . ,source-name))) - (insert-comment (lambda (text) - (when (and comments - (not (string= comments "no")) - (org-string-nw-p text)) - (if org-babel-tangle-uncomment-comments - ;; Plain comments: no processing. - (insert text) - ;; Ensure comments are made to be - ;; comments, and add a trailing - ;; newline. Also ignore invisible - ;; characters when commenting. - (comment-region - (point) - (progn (insert (org-no-properties text)) - (point))) - (end-of-line) - (insert "\n")))))) + (pcase-let* + ((`(,start ,file ,link ,source ,info ,body ,comment) spec) + (comments (cdr (assq :comments info))) + (link? (or (string= comments "both") (string= comments "link") + (string= comments "yes") (string= comments "noweb"))) + (link-data `(("start-line" . ,(number-to-string start)) + ("file" . ,file) + ("link" . ,link) + ("source-name" . ,source))) + (insert-comment (lambda (text) + (when (and comments + (not (string= comments "no")) + (org-string-nw-p text)) + (if org-babel-tangle-uncomment-comments + ;; Plain comments: no processing. + (insert text) + ;; Ensure comments are made to be + ;; comments, and add a trailing newline. + ;; Also ignore invisible characters when + ;; commenting. + (comment-region + (point) + (progn (insert (org-no-properties text)) + (point))) + (end-of-line) + (insert "\n")))))) (when comment (funcall insert-comment comment)) - (when link-p - (funcall - insert-comment - (org-fill-template org-babel-tangle-comment-format-beg link-data))) - (insert - (org-unescape-code-in-string - (if org-src-preserve-indentation (org-trim body t) - (org-trim (org-remove-indentation body)))) - "\n") - (when link-p - (funcall - insert-comment - (org-fill-template org-babel-tangle-comment-format-end link-data))))) + (when link? + (funcall insert-comment + (org-fill-template + org-babel-tangle-comment-format-beg link-data))) + (insert body "\n") + (when link? + (funcall insert-comment + (org-fill-template + org-babel-tangle-comment-format-end link-data))))) (defun org-babel-tangle-collect-blocks (&optional language tangle-file) "Collect source blocks in the current Org file. @@ -432,13 +411,12 @@ can be used to limit the collected code blocks by target file." ;; Ensure blocks are in the correct order. (mapcar (lambda (b) (cons (car b) (nreverse (cdr b)))) blocks))) -(defun org-babel-tangle-single-block - (block-counter &optional only-this-block) +(defun org-babel-tangle-single-block (block-counter &optional only-this-block) "Collect the tangled source for current block. Return the list of block attributes needed by -`org-babel-tangle-collect-blocks'. -When ONLY-THIS-BLOCK is non-nil, return the full association -list to be used by `org-babel-tangle' directly." +`org-babel-tangle-collect-blocks'. When ONLY-THIS-BLOCK is +non-nil, return the full association list to be used by +`org-babel-tangle' directly." (let* ((info (org-babel-get-src-block-info)) (start-line (save-restriction (widen) @@ -450,44 +428,39 @@ list to be used by `org-babel-tangle' directly." (cref-fmt (or (and (string-match "-l \"\\(.+\\)\"" extra) (match-string 1 extra)) org-coderef-label-format)) - (link (let ((link (org-no-properties - (org-store-link nil)))) - (and (string-match org-bracket-link-regexp link) - (match-string 1 link)))) + (link (let ((l (org-no-properties (org-store-link nil)))) + (and (string-match org-bracket-link-regexp l) + (match-string 1 l)))) (source-name (or (nth 4 info) (format "%s:%d" (or (ignore-errors (nth 4 (org-heading-components))) "No heading") block-counter))) - (expand-cmd - (intern (concat "org-babel-expand-body:" src-lang))) + (expand-cmd (intern (concat "org-babel-expand-body:" src-lang))) (assignments-cmd (intern (concat "org-babel-variable-assignments:" src-lang))) (body ;; Run the tangle-body-hook. - (let* ((body ;; Expand the body in language specific manner. - (if (org-babel-noweb-p params :tangle) - (org-babel-expand-noweb-references info) - (nth 1 info))) - (body - (if (assq :no-expand params) - body - (if (fboundp expand-cmd) - (funcall expand-cmd body params) - (org-babel-expand-body:generic - body params - (and (fboundp assignments-cmd) - (funcall assignments-cmd params))))))) - (with-temp-buffer - (insert body) - (when (string-match "-r" extra) - (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (re-search-forward - (replace-regexp-in-string "%s" ".+" cref-fmt) nil t) - (replace-match ""))) - (run-hooks 'org-babel-tangle-body-hook) - (buffer-string)))) + (let ((body (if (org-babel-noweb-p params :tangle) + (org-babel-expand-noweb-references info) + (nth 1 info)))) + (with-temp-buffer + (insert + ;; Expand body in language specific manner. + (cond ((assq :no-expand params) body) + ((fboundp expand-cmd) (funcall expand-cmd body params)) + (t + (org-babel-expand-body:generic + body params (and (fboundp assignments-cmd) + (funcall assignments-cmd params)))))) + (when (string-match "-r" extra) + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (re-search-forward + (replace-regexp-in-string "%s" ".+" cref-fmt) nil t) + (replace-match ""))) + (run-hooks 'org-babel-tangle-body-hook) + (buffer-string)))) (comment (when (or (string= "both" (cdr (assq :comments params))) (string= "org" (cdr (assq :comments params)))) @@ -497,7 +470,7 @@ list to be used by `org-babel-tangle' directly." (buffer-substring (max (condition-case nil (save-excursion - (org-back-to-heading t) ; Sets match data + (org-back-to-heading t) ; Sets match data (match-end 0)) (error (point-min))) (save-excursion @@ -507,7 +480,25 @@ list to be used by `org-babel-tangle' directly." (point-min)))) (point))))) (result - (list start-line file link source-name params body comment))) + (list start-line + (if org-babel-tangle-use-relative-file-links + (file-relative-name file) + file) + (if (and org-babel-tangle-use-relative-file-links + (string-match org-link-types-re link) + (string= (match-string 0 link) "file")) + (concat "file:" + (file-relative-name (match-string 1 link) + (file-name-directory + (cdr (assq :tangle params))))) + link) + source-name + params + (org-unescape-code-in-string + (if org-src-preserve-indentation + (org-trim body t) + (org-trim (org-remove-indentation body)))) + comment))) (if only-this-block (list (cons src-lang (list result))) result))) diff --git a/lisp/org-agenda.el b/lisp/org-agenda.el index 7ee721a..da748af 100644 --- a/lisp/org-agenda.el +++ b/lisp/org-agenda.el @@ -769,10 +769,12 @@ to make his option also apply to the tags-todo list." (defcustom org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines nil "Non-nil means ignore some deadline TODO items when making TODO list. + There are different motivations for using different values, please think carefully when configuring this variable. -This applies when creating the global todo list. +This applies when creating the global TODO list. + Valid values are: near Don't show near deadline entries. A deadline is near when it is @@ -780,8 +782,8 @@ near Don't show near deadline entries. A deadline is near when it is is that such items will appear in the agenda anyway. far Don't show TODO entries where a deadline has been defined, but - the deadline is not near. This is useful if you don't want to - use the todo list to figure out what to do now. + is not going to happen anytime soon. This is useful if you want to use + the TODO list to figure out what to do now. past Don't show entries with a deadline timestamp for today or in the past. @@ -842,10 +844,9 @@ restricted to unfinished TODO entries only." (defcustom org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done nil "Non-nil means don't show scheduled items in agenda when they are done. -This is relevant for the daily/weekly agenda, not for the TODO list. And -it applies only to the actual date of the scheduling. Warnings about -an item with a past scheduling dates are always turned off when the item -is DONE." +This is relevant for the daily/weekly agenda, not for the TODO list. It +applies only to the actual date of the scheduling. Warnings about an item +with a past scheduling dates are always turned off when the item is DONE." :group 'org-agenda-skip :group 'org-agenda-daily/weekly :type 'boolean) @@ -894,8 +895,8 @@ several times." (defcustom org-agenda-skip-deadline-if-done nil "Non-nil means don't show deadlines when the corresponding item is done. When nil, the deadline is still shown and should give you a happy feeling. -This is relevant for the daily/weekly agenda. And it applied only to the -actually date of the deadline. Warnings about approaching and past-due +This is relevant for the daily/weekly agenda. It applies only to the +actual date of the deadline. Warnings about approaching and past-due deadlines are always turned off when the item is DONE." :group 'org-agenda-skip :group 'org-agenda-daily/weekly @@ -1789,7 +1790,8 @@ in every agenda. When this option is set to t (the default), inherited tags are shown when they are available, i.e. when the value of -`org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance' has been taken into account. +`org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance' enables tag inheritance for the +given agenda type. This can be set to a list of agenda types in which the agenda must display the inherited tags. Available types are `todo', @@ -3246,7 +3248,7 @@ This ensures the export commands can easily use it." (setq tmp (replace-match "" t t tmp))) (when (and (setq re (plist-get props 'org-todo-regexp)) (setq re (concat "\\`\\.*" re " ?")) - (string-match re tmp)) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) (string-match re tmp))) (plist-put props 'todo (match-string 1 tmp)) (setq tmp (replace-match "" t t tmp))) (plist-put props 'txt tmp))) @@ -3837,11 +3839,11 @@ FILTER-ALIST is an alist of filters we need to apply when ov 'face (let ((special-face (cond ((org-face-from-face-or-color - 'priority nil + 'priority 'org-priority (cdr (assoc p org-priority-faces)))) ((and (listp org-agenda-fontify-priorities) (org-face-from-face-or-color - 'priority nil + 'priority 'org-priority (cdr (assoc p org-agenda-fontify-priorities))))) ((equal p l) 'italic) ((equal p h) 'bold)))) @@ -5438,6 +5440,7 @@ and the timestamp type relevant for the sorting strategy in 'help-echo (format "mouse-2 or RET jump to org file %s" (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))) + (case-fold-search nil) (regexp (format org-heading-keyword-regexp-format (cond ((and org-select-this-todo-keyword @@ -5579,24 +5582,27 @@ This function is invoked if `org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines', (match-string 1) org-agenda-todo-ignore-timestamp)) (t)))))))))) -(defun org-agenda-get-timestamps (&optional deadline-results) - "Return the date stamp information for agenda display." +(defun org-agenda-get-timestamps (&optional deadlines) + "Return the date stamp information for agenda display. +Optional argument DEADLINES is a list of deadline items to be +displayed in agenda view." (let* ((props (list 'face 'org-agenda-calendar-event 'org-not-done-regexp org-not-done-regexp 'org-todo-regexp org-todo-regexp 'org-complex-heading-regexp org-complex-heading-regexp 'mouse-face 'highlight 'help-echo - (format "mouse-2 or RET jump to org file %s" + (format "mouse-2 or RET jump to Org file %s" (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))) - (d1 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)) - mm + (current (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)) + (today (org-today)) (deadline-position-alist - (mapcar (lambda (a) (and (setq mm (get-text-property - 0 'org-hd-marker a)) - (cons (marker-position mm) a))) - deadline-results)) - (remove-re org-ts-regexp) + (mapcar (lambda (d) + (let ((m (get-text-property 0 'org-hd-marker d))) + (and m (marker-position m)))) + deadlines)) + ;; Match time-stamps set to current date, time-stamps with + ;; a repeater, and S-exp time-stamps. (regexp (concat (if org-agenda-include-inactive-timestamps "[[<]" "<") @@ -5604,95 +5610,106 @@ This function is invoked if `org-agenda-todo-ignore-deadlines', (substring (format-time-string (car org-time-stamp-formats) - (apply 'encode-time ; DATE bound by calendar + (apply #'encode-time ; DATE bound by calendar (list 0 0 0 (nth 1 date) (car date) (nth 2 date)))) 1 11)) "\\|\\(<[0-9]+-[0-9]+-[0-9]+[^>\n]+?\\+[0-9]+[hdwmy]>\\)" "\\|\\(<%%\\(([^>\n]+)\\)>\\)")) - marker hdmarker deadlinep scheduledp clockp closedp inactivep - donep tmp priority category level ee txt timestr tags - b0 b3 e3 head todo-state end-of-match show-all warntime habitp - inherited-tags ts-date) + timestamp-items) (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (setq end-of-match (re-search-forward regexp nil t)) - (setq b0 (match-beginning 0) - b3 (match-beginning 3) e3 (match-end 3) - todo-state (save-match-data (ignore-errors (org-get-todo-state))) - habitp (and (functionp 'org-is-habit-p) (save-match-data (org-is-habit-p))) - show-all (or (eq org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all t) - (member todo-state - org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all))) + (while (re-search-forward regexp nil t) + ;; Skip date ranges, scheduled and deadlines, which are handled + ;; specially. Also skip time-stamps before first headline as + ;; there would be no entry to add to the agenda. Eventually, + ;; ignore clock entries. (catch :skip - (and (org-at-date-range-p) (throw :skip nil)) - (org-agenda-skip) - (if (and (match-end 1) - (not (= d1 (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute - (match-string 1) d1 nil show-all - (current-buffer) b0)))) - (throw :skip nil)) - (if (and e3 - (not (org-diary-sexp-entry (buffer-substring b3 e3) "" date))) + (save-match-data + (when (or (org-at-date-range-p) + (org-at-planning-p) + (org-before-first-heading-p) + (and org-agenda-include-inactive-timestamps + (org-at-clock-log-p))) (throw :skip nil)) - (setq tmp (buffer-substring (max (point-min) - (- b0 org-ds-keyword-length)) - b0) - timestr (if b3 "" (buffer-substring b0 (point-at-eol))) - inactivep (= (char-after b0) ?\[) - deadlinep (string-match org-deadline-regexp tmp) - scheduledp (string-match org-scheduled-regexp tmp) - closedp (and org-agenda-include-inactive-timestamps - (string-match org-closed-string tmp)) - clockp (and org-agenda-include-inactive-timestamps - (or (string-match org-clock-string tmp) - (string-match "]-+\\'" tmp))) - warntime (get-text-property (point) 'org-appt-warntime) - donep (member todo-state org-done-keywords)) - (if (or scheduledp deadlinep closedp clockp - (and donep org-agenda-skip-timestamp-if-done)) + (org-agenda-skip)) + (let* ((pos (match-beginning 0)) + (repeat (match-string 1)) + (sexp-entry (match-string 3)) + (time-stamp (if (or repeat sexp-entry) (match-string 0) + (save-excursion + (goto-char pos) + (looking-at org-ts-regexp-both) + (match-string 0)))) + (todo-state (org-get-todo-state)) + (show-all (or (eq org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all t) + (member todo-state + org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all))) + (warntime (get-text-property (point) 'org-appt-warntime)) + (done? (member todo-state org-done-keywords))) + ;; Possibly skip done tasks. + (when (and done? org-agenda-skip-timestamp-if-done) (throw :skip t)) - (if (string-match ">" timestr) - ;; substring should only run to end of time stamp - (setq timestr (substring timestr 0 (match-end 0)))) - (setq marker (org-agenda-new-marker b0) - category (org-get-category b0)) - (save-excursion - (if (not (re-search-backward org-outline-regexp-bol nil t)) - (throw :skip nil) - (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (if (and (eq t org-agenda-skip-timestamp-if-deadline-is-shown) - (assoc (point) deadline-position-alist)) - (throw :skip nil)) - (setq hdmarker (org-agenda-new-marker) - inherited-tags - (or (eq org-agenda-show-inherited-tags 'always) - (and (listp org-agenda-show-inherited-tags) - (memq 'agenda org-agenda-show-inherited-tags)) - (and (eq org-agenda-show-inherited-tags t) - (or (eq org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance t) - (memq 'agenda org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance)))) - tags (org-get-tags-at nil (not inherited-tags)) - level (make-string (org-reduced-level (org-outline-level)) ? )) - (looking-at "\\*+[ \t]+\\(.*\\)") - (setq head (match-string 1)) - (setq txt (org-agenda-format-item - (if inactivep org-agenda-inactive-leader nil) - head level category tags timestr - remove-re habitp))) - (setq priority (org-get-priority txt)) - (org-add-props txt props 'priority priority - 'org-marker marker 'org-hd-marker hdmarker - 'date date - 'level level - 'ts-date - (ignore-errors (org-time-string-to-absolute timestr)) - 'todo-state todo-state - 'warntime warntime - 'type "timestamp") - (push txt ee)) - (if org-agenda-skip-additional-timestamps-same-entry - (outline-next-heading) - (goto-char end-of-match)))) - (nreverse ee))) + ;; S-exp entry doesn't match current day: skip it. + (when (and sexp-entry (not (org-diary-sexp-entry sexp-entry "" date))) + (throw :skip nil)) + ;; When time-stamp doesn't match CURRENT but has a repeater, + ;; make sure it repeats on CURRENT. Furthermore, if + ;; SHOW-ALL is nil, ensure that repeats are only the first + ;; before and the first after today. + (when (and repeat + (if show-all + (/= current + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + repeat current 'future (current-buffer) pos)) + (and (/= current + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + repeat today 'past (current-buffer) pos)) + (/= current + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + repeat today 'future (current-buffer) pos))))) + (throw :skip nil)) + (save-excursion + (re-search-backward org-outline-regexp-bol nil t) + ;; Possibly skip time-stamp when a deadline is set. + (when (and org-agenda-skip-timestamp-if-deadline-is-shown + (assq (point) deadline-position-alist)) + (throw :skip nil)) + (let* ((category (org-get-category pos)) + (inherited-tags + (or (eq org-agenda-show-inherited-tags 'always) + (and (consp org-agenda-show-inherited-tags) + (memq 'agenda org-agenda-show-inherited-tags)) + (and (eq org-agenda-show-inherited-tags t) + (or (eq org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance t) + (memq 'agenda + org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance))))) + (tags (org-get-tags-at nil (not inherited-tags))) + (level (make-string (org-reduced-level (org-outline-level)) + ?\s)) + (head (and (looking-at "\\*+[ \t]+\\(.*\\)") + (match-string 1))) + (inactive? (= (char-after pos) ?\[)) + (habit? (and (fboundp 'org-is-habit-p) (org-is-habit-p))) + (item + (org-agenda-format-item + (and inactive? org-agenda-inactive-leader) + head level category tags time-stamp org-ts-regexp habit?))) + (org-add-props item props + 'priority (if habit? + (org-habit-get-priority (org-habit-parse-todo)) + (org-get-priority item)) + 'org-marker (org-agenda-new-marker pos) + 'org-hd-marker (org-agenda-new-marker) + 'date date + 'level level + 'ts-date (if repeat (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute repeat) + current) + 'todo-state todo-state + 'warntime warntime + 'type "timestamp") + (push item timestamp-items)))) + (when org-agenda-skip-additional-timestamps-same-entry + (outline-next-heading)))) + (nreverse timestamp-items))) (defun org-agenda-get-sexps () "Return the sexp information for agenda display." @@ -6037,7 +6054,8 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." (regexp (if with-hour org-deadline-time-hour-regexp org-deadline-time-regexp)) - (todayp (org-agenda-today-p date)) ; DATE bound by calendar. + (today (org-today)) + (today? (org-agenda-today-p date)) ; DATE bound by calendar. (current (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)) deadline-items) (goto-char (point-min)) @@ -6048,18 +6066,24 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." (let* ((s (match-string 1)) (pos (1- (match-beginning 1))) (todo-state (save-match-data (org-get-todo-state))) - (donep (member todo-state org-done-keywords)) + (done? (member todo-state org-done-keywords)) (show-all (or (eq org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all t) (member todo-state org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all))) - ;; DEADLINE is the current scheduled date. When it - ;; contains a repeater and SHOW-ALL is non-nil, - ;; LAST-REPEAT is the repeat closest to CURRENT. - ;; Otherwise, LAST-REPEAT is equal to DEADLINE. - (last-repeat (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute - s current 'past show-all (current-buffer) pos)) - (deadline (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute s current)) - (diff (- last-repeat current)) + ;; DEADLINE is the bare deadline date, i.e., without + ;; any repeater, or the last repeat if SHOW-ALL is + ;; non-nil. REPEAT is closest repeat after CURRENT, if + ;; all repeated time stamps are to be shown, or after + ;; TODAY otherwise. REPEAT only applies to future + ;; dates. + (deadline (if show-all (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute s) + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + s today 'past (current-buffer) pos))) + (repeat + (if (< current today) deadline + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + s (if show-all current today) 'future (current-buffer) pos))) + (diff (- deadline current)) (suppress-prewarning (let ((scheduled (and org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled @@ -6074,14 +6098,7 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." ((eq org-agenda-skip-deadline-prewarning-if-scheduled 'pre-scheduled) ;; Set pre-warning to no earlier than SCHEDULED. - (min (- last-repeat - (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute - scheduled current 'past show-all - (current-buffer) - (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line) - (1+ (search-forward org-deadline-string))))) - org-deadline-warning-days)) + (min (- deadline scheduled) org-deadline-warning-days)) ;; Set pre-warning to deadline. (t 0)))) (wdays (if suppress-prewarning @@ -6090,14 +6107,17 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." (org-get-wdays s)))) ;; When to show a deadline in the calendar: if the ;; expiration is within WDAYS warning time. Past-due - ;; deadlines are only shown on the current date - (unless (or (and (<= diff wdays) - (and todayp (not org-agenda-only-exact-dates))) - (= diff 0)) + ;; deadlines are only shown on today agenda. + (when (cond ((= current deadline) nil) + ((< deadline today) + (and (not today?) + (or (< current today) (/= repeat current)))) + ((> deadline current) + (or (not today?) (> diff wdays))) + (t (/= repeat current))) (throw :skip nil)) - ;; Skip done tasks if `org-agenda-skip-deadline-if-done' is - ;; non-nil or if it isn't applicable to CURRENT deadline. - (when (and donep + ;; Possibly skip done tasks. + (when (and done? (or org-agenda-skip-deadline-if-done (/= deadline current))) (throw :skip nil)) @@ -6117,28 +6137,35 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." (memq 'agenda org-agenda-use-tag-inheritance))))) (tags (org-get-tags-at nil (not inherited-tags))) - (timestr - (if (string-match " \\([012]?[0-9]:[0-9][0-9]\\)" s) - (concat (substring s (match-beginning 1)) " ") - 'time)) + (time + (cond + ;; No time of day designation if it is only + ;; a reminder. + ((and (/= current deadline) (/= current repeat)) nil) + ((string-match " \\([012]?[0-9]:[0-9][0-9]\\)" s) + (concat (substring s (match-beginning 1)) " ")) + (t 'time))) (item (org-agenda-format-item - ;; For past deadlines, make sure to report time - ;; difference since date S, not since closest - ;; repeater. - (let ((diff (if (< (org-today) current) diff - (- deadline current)))) - (if (= diff 0) (car org-agenda-deadline-leaders) - (let ((future (nth 1 org-agenda-deadline-leaders)) - (past (nth 2 org-agenda-deadline-leaders))) - (cond ((> diff 0) (format future diff)) - ((string= future past) (format past diff)) - (t (format past (abs diff))))))) + ;; Insert appropriate suffixes before deadlines. + (pcase-let ((`(,now ,future ,past) + org-agenda-deadline-leaders)) + (cond + ;; Future (i.e., repeated) deadlines are + ;; displayed as new headlines. + ((> current today) now) + ;; When SHOW-ALL is nil, prefer repeated + ;; deadlines over reminders of past deadlines. + ((and (not show-all) (= repeat today)) now) + ((= deadline current) now) + ((< deadline current) (format past (- diff))) + (t (format future diff)))) head level category tags - (and (= diff 0) timestr))) + (and (or (= repeat current) (= deadline current)) + time))) (face (org-agenda-deadline-face (- 1 (/ (float (- deadline current)) (max wdays 1))))) - (upcomingp (and todayp (> diff 0))) + (upcoming? (and today? (> deadline today))) (warntime (get-text-property (point) 'org-appt-warntime))) (org-add-props item props 'org-marker (org-agenda-new-marker pos) @@ -6146,11 +6173,19 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." 'warntime warntime 'level level 'ts-date deadline - 'priority (- (org-get-priority item) diff) + 'priority + ;; Adjust priority to today reminders about deadlines. + ;; Overdue deadlines get the highest priority + ;; increase, then imminent deadlines and eventually + ;; more distant deadlines. + (let ((adjust (cond ((not today?) 0) + ((and (not show-all) (= repeat current)) 0) + (t (- diff))))) + (+ adjust (org-get-priority item))) 'todo-state todo-state - 'type (if upcomingp "upcoming-deadline" "deadline") - 'date (if upcomingp date deadline) - 'face (if donep 'org-agenda-done face) + 'type (if upcoming? "upcoming-deadline" "deadline") + 'date (if upcoming? date deadline) + 'face (if done? 'org-agenda-done face) 'undone-face face 'done-face 'org-agenda-done) (push item deadline-items)))))) @@ -6159,10 +6194,7 @@ specification like [h]h:mm." (defun org-agenda-deadline-face (fraction) "Return the face to displaying a deadline item. FRACTION is what fraction of the head-warning time has passed." - (let ((faces org-agenda-deadline-faces) f) - (catch 'exit - (while (setq f (pop faces)) - (if (>= fraction (car f)) (throw 'exit (cdr f))))))) + (assoc-default fraction org-agenda-deadline-faces #'<=)) (defun org-agenda-get-scheduled (&optional deadlines with-hour) "Return the scheduled information for agenda display. @@ -6175,11 +6207,12 @@ scheduled items with an hour specification like [h]h:mm." 'done-face 'org-agenda-done 'mouse-face 'highlight 'help-echo - (format "mouse-2 or RET jump to org file %s" + (format "mouse-2 or RET jump to Org file %s" (abbreviate-file-name buffer-file-name)))) (regexp (if with-hour org-scheduled-time-hour-regexp org-scheduled-time-regexp)) + (today (org-today)) (todayp (org-agenda-today-p date)) ; DATE bound by calendar. (current (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian date)) (deadline-pos @@ -6200,16 +6233,25 @@ scheduled items with an hour specification like [h]h:mm." (show-all (or (eq org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all t) (member todo-state org-agenda-repeating-timestamp-show-all))) - ;; SCHEDULE is the current scheduled date. When it - ;; contains a repeater and SHOW-ALL is non-nil, - ;; LAST-REPEAT is the repeat closest to CURRENT. - ;; Otherwise, LAST-REPEAT is equal to SCHEDULE. - (last-repeat (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute - s current 'past show-all (current-buffer) pos)) - (schedule (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute s current)) - (diff (- last-repeat current)) + ;; SCHEDULE is the bare scheduled date, i.e., without + ;; any repeater if non-nil, or last repeat if SHOW-ALL + ;; is nil. REPEAT is the closest repeat after CURRENT, + ;; if all repeated time stamps are to be shown, or + ;; after TODAY otherwise. REPEAT only applies to + ;; future dates. + (schedule (if show-all (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute s) + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + s today 'past (current-buffer) pos))) + (repeat (cond ((< current today) schedule) + (show-all + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + s current 'future (current-buffer) pos)) + (t + (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute + s today 'future (current-buffer) pos)))) + (diff (- current schedule)) (warntime (get-text-property (point) 'org-appt-warntime)) - (pastschedp (< schedule (org-today))) + (pastschedp (< schedule today)) (habitp (and (fboundp 'org-is-habit-p) (org-is-habit-p))) (suppress-delay (let ((deadline (and org-agenda-skip-scheduled-delay-if-deadline @@ -6226,44 +6268,37 @@ scheduled items with an hour specification like [h]h:mm." ;; Set delay to no later than DEADLINE. If ;; DEADLINE has a repeater, compare last schedule ;; repeat and last deadline repeat. - (min (- last-repeat - (org-agenda--timestamp-to-absolute - deadline current 'past show-all - (current-buffer) - (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line) - (1+ (search-forward org-deadline-string))))) - org-scheduled-delay-days)) + (min (- schedule deadline) org-scheduled-delay-days)) (t 0)))) (ddays (cond ;; Nullify delay when a repeater triggered already ;; and the delay is of the form --Xd. ((and (string-match-p "--[0-9]+[hdwmy]" s) - (/= schedule last-repeat)) + (> current schedule)) 0) (suppress-delay (let ((org-scheduled-delay-days suppress-delay)) (org-get-wdays s t t))) (t (org-get-wdays s t))))) - ;; Only show a scheduled item in the calendar if it is on or - ;; past the current date. Skip it if it has been displayed - ;; for more than `org-scheduled-past-days'. - (unless (or (and (>= ddays 0) (= diff (- ddays))) - (and (< (+ diff ddays) 0) - (< (abs diff) org-scheduled-past-days) - (and todayp (not org-agenda-only-exact-dates))) - (and todayp - habitp - (bound-and-true-p org-habit-show-all-today))) - (throw :skip nil)) - ;; Skip done habits, or tasks if - ;; `org-agenda-skip-deadline-if-done' is non-nil or if it - ;; was scheduled in the past anyway. + ;; Display scheduled items at base date (SCHEDULE), today if + ;; scheduled before the current date, and at any repeat past + ;; today. However, skip delayed items and items that have + ;; been displayed for more than `org-scheduled-past-days'. + (unless (and todayp + habitp + (bound-and-true-p org-habit-show-all-today)) + (when (or (and (> ddays 0) (< diff ddays)) + (> diff org-scheduled-past-days) + (> schedule current) + (and (< schedule current) + (not todayp) + (/= repeat current))) + (throw :skip nil))) + ;; Possibly skip done tasks. (when (and donep (or org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done - (/= schedule current) - habitp)) + (/= schedule current))) (throw :skip nil)) ;; Skip entry if it already appears as a deadline, per ;; `org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-deadline-is-shown'. This @@ -6274,16 +6309,16 @@ scheduled items with an hour specification like [h]h:mm." habitp)) nil) (`repeated-after-deadline - (>= last-repeat - (time-to-days (org-get-deadline-time (point))))) + (>= repeat (time-to-days (org-get-deadline-time (point))))) (`not-today pastschedp) (`t t) (_ nil)) (throw :skip nil)) ;; Skip habits if `org-habit-show-habits' is nil, or if we - ;; only show them for today. + ;; only show them for today. Also skip done habits. (when (and habitp - (or (not (bound-and-true-p org-habit-show-habits)) + (or donep + (not (bound-and-true-p org-habit-show-habits)) (and (not todayp) (bound-and-true-p org-habit-show-habits-only-for-today)))) @@ -6304,22 +6339,32 @@ scheduled items with an hour specification like [h]h:mm." (level (make-string (org-reduced-level (org-outline-level)) ?\s)) (head (buffer-substring (point) (line-end-position))) - (timestr - (if (string-match " \\([012]?[0-9]:[0-9][0-9]\\)" s) - (concat (substring s (match-beginning 1)) " ") - 'time)) - (item (org-agenda-format-item - ;; For past scheduled dates, make sure to - ;; report time difference since SCHEDULE, - ;; not since closest repeater. - (let ((diff (if (< (org-today) current) diff - (- schedule current)))) - (if (= diff 0) (car org-agenda-scheduled-leaders) - (format (nth 1 org-agenda-scheduled-leaders) - (- 1 diff)))) - head level category tags - (and (= diff 0) timestr) - nil habitp)) + (time + (cond + ;; No time of day designation if it is only + ;; a reminder. + ((and (/= current schedule) (/= current repeat)) nil) + ((string-match " \\([012]?[0-9]:[0-9][0-9]\\)" s) + (concat (substring s (match-beginning 1)) " ")) + (t 'time))) + (item + (org-agenda-format-item + (pcase-let ((`(,first ,next) org-agenda-scheduled-leaders)) + (cond + ;; If CURRENT is in the future, don't use past + ;; scheduled prefix. + ((> current today) first) + ;; SHOW-ALL focuses on future repeats. If one + ;; such repeat happens today, ignore late + ;; schedule reminder. However, still report + ;; such reminders when repeat happens later. + ((and (not show-all) (= repeat today)) first) + ;; Initial report. + ((= schedule current) first) + ;; Subsequent reminders. Count from base + ;; schedule. + (t (format next (1+ diff))))) + head level category tags time nil habitp)) (face (cond ((and (not habitp) pastschedp) 'org-scheduled-previously) (todayp 'org-scheduled-today) @@ -6336,7 +6381,7 @@ scheduled items with an hour specification like [h]h:mm." 'warntime warntime 'level level 'priority (if habitp (org-habit-get-priority habitp) - (+ 94 (- 5 diff) (org-get-priority item))) + (+ 99 diff (org-get-priority item))) 'org-habit-p habitp 'todo-state todo-state) (push item scheduled-items)))))) @@ -6445,7 +6490,7 @@ The flag is set if the currently compiled format contains a `%b'.") (defun org-agenda-get-category-icon (category) "Return an image for CATEGORY according to `org-agenda-category-icon-alist'." - (dolist (entry org-agenda-category-icon-alist) + (cl-dolist (entry org-agenda-category-icon-alist) (when (string-match-p (car entry) category) (if (listp (cadr entry)) (cl-return (cadr entry)) @@ -7000,7 +7045,8 @@ The optional argument TYPE tells the agenda type." (let* ((pla (text-property-any 0 (length a) 'org-heading t a)) (plb (text-property-any 0 (length b) 'org-heading t b)) (ta (and pla (substring a pla))) - (tb (and plb (substring b plb)))) + (tb (and plb (substring b plb))) + (case-fold-search nil)) (when pla (if (string-match (concat "\\`[ \t]*" (or (get-text-property 0 'org-todo-regexp a) "") "\\([ \t]*\\[[a-zA-Z0-9]\\]\\)? *") ta) @@ -7980,41 +8026,48 @@ With prefix ARG, go backward that many times the current span." "Switch to default view for agenda." (interactive) (org-agenda-change-time-span org-agenda-span)) + (defun org-agenda-day-view (&optional day-of-month) "Switch to daily view for agenda. With argument DAY-OF-MONTH, switch to that day of the month." (interactive "P") (org-agenda-change-time-span 'day day-of-month)) + (defun org-agenda-week-view (&optional iso-week) - "Switch to daily view for agenda. + "Switch to weekly view for agenda. With argument ISO-WEEK, switch to the corresponding ISO week. -If ISO-WEEK has more then 2 digits, only the last two encode the -week. Any digits before this encode a year. So 200712 means -week 12 of year 2007. Years in the range 1938-2037 can also be -written as 2-digit years." +If ISO-WEEK has more then 2 digits, only the last two encode +the week. Any digits before this encode a year. So 200712 +means week 12 of year 2007. Years ranging from 70 years ago +to 30 years in the future can also be written as 2-digit years." (interactive "P") (org-agenda-change-time-span 'week iso-week)) + (defun org-agenda-fortnight-view (&optional iso-week) - "Switch to daily view for agenda. + "Switch to fortnightly view for agenda. With argument ISO-WEEK, switch to the corresponding ISO week. -If ISO-WEEK has more then 2 digits, only the last two encode the -week. Any digits before this encode a year. So 200712 means -week 12 of year 2007. Years in the range 1938-2037 can also be -written as 2-digit years." +If ISO-WEEK has more then 2 digits, only the last two encode +the week. Any digits before this encode a year. So 200712 +means week 12 of year 2007. Years ranging from 70 years ago +to 30 years in the future can also be written as 2-digit years." (interactive "P") (org-agenda-change-time-span 'fortnight iso-week)) + (defun org-agenda-month-view (&optional month) "Switch to monthly view for agenda. -With argument MONTH, switch to that month." +With argument MONTH, switch to that month. If MONTH has more +then 2 digits, only the last two encode the month. Any digits +before this encode a year. So 200712 means December year 2007. +Years ranging from 70 years ago to 30 years in the future can +also be written as 2-digit years." (interactive "P") (org-agenda-change-time-span 'month month)) + (defun org-agenda-year-view (&optional year) "Switch to yearly view for agenda. -With argument YEAR, switch to that year. -If MONTH has more then 2 digits, only the last two encode the -month. Any digits before this encode a year. So 200712 means -December year 2007. Years in the range 1938-2037 can also be -written as 2-digit years." +With argument YEAR, switch to that year. Years ranging from 70 +years ago to 30 years in the future can also be written as +2-digit years." (interactive "P") (when year (setq year (org-small-year-to-year year))) diff --git a/lisp/org-archive.el b/lisp/org-archive.el index 6daed74..3ba8bf1 100644 --- a/lisp/org-archive.el +++ b/lisp/org-archive.el @@ -356,7 +356,8 @@ this heading." (org-set-tags-to all-tags)) ;; Mark the entry as done (when (and org-archive-mark-done - (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) + (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) (or (not (match-end 2)) (not (member (match-string 2) org-done-keywords)))) (let (org-log-done org-todo-log-states) @@ -395,9 +396,12 @@ this heading." ;;;###autoload (defun org-archive-to-archive-sibling () "Archive the current heading by moving it under the archive sibling. + The archive sibling is a sibling of the heading with the heading name `org-archive-sibling-heading' and an `org-archive-tag' tag. If this -sibling does not exist, it will be created at the end of the subtree." +sibling does not exist, it will be created at the end of the subtree. + +Archiving time is retained in the ARCHIVE_TIME node property." (interactive) (if (and (org-region-active-p) org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region) (let ((cl (when (eq org-loop-over-headlines-in-active-region 'start-level) @@ -469,8 +473,9 @@ it is on a headline, try all direct children. When TAG is non-nil, don't move trees, but mark them with the ARCHIVE tag." (org-archive-all-matches (lambda (_beg end) - (unless (re-search-forward org-not-done-heading-regexp end t) - "no open TODO items")) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) + (unless (re-search-forward org-not-done-heading-regexp end t) + "no open TODO items"))) tag)) (defun org-archive-all-old (&optional tag) diff --git a/lisp/org-capture.el b/lisp/org-capture.el index ced8399..f757927 100644 --- a/lisp/org-capture.el +++ b/lisp/org-capture.el @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ target Specification of where the captured item should be placed. (file \"path/to/file\") Text will be placed at the beginning or end of that file - (id \"id of existing org entry\") + (id \"id of existing Org entry\") File as child of this entry, or in the body of the entry (file+headline \"path/to/file\" \"node headline\") @@ -1007,25 +1007,31 @@ Store them in the capture property list." :decrypted decrypted-hl-pos)))) (defun org-capture-expand-file (file) - "Expand functions and symbols for FILE. -When FILE is a function, call it. When it is a variable, -retrieve its value. When it is the empty string, return -`org-default-notes-file'. In any other case, return FILE as-is." + "Expand functions, symbols and file names for FILE. +When FILE is a function, call it. When it is a form, evaluate +it. When it is a variable, retrieve the value. When it is +a string, treat it as a file name, possibly expanding it +according to `org-directory', and return it. If it is the empty +string, however, return `org-default-notes-file'. In any other +case, raise an error." (cond ((equal file "") org-default-notes-file) + ((stringp file) (expand-file-name file org-directory)) ((functionp file) (funcall file)) ((and (symbolp file) (boundp file)) (symbol-value file)) + ((consp file) (eval file)) (t file))) (defun org-capture-target-buffer (file) - "Get a buffer for FILE." - (setq file (org-capture-expand-file file)) - (setq file (or (org-string-nw-p file) - org-default-notes-file - (error "No notes file specified, and no default available"))) - (or (org-find-base-buffer-visiting file) - (progn (org-capture-put :new-buffer t) - (find-file-noselect (expand-file-name file org-directory))))) + "Get a buffer for FILE. +FILE is a generalized file location, as handled by +`org-capture-expand-file'." + (let ((file (or (org-string-nw-p (org-capture-expand-file file)) + org-default-notes-file + (error "No notes file specified, and no default available")))) + (or (org-find-base-buffer-visiting file) + (progn (org-capture-put :new-buffer t) + (find-file-noselect file))))) (defun org-capture-place-template (&optional inhibit-wconf-store) "Insert the template at the target location, and display the buffer. diff --git a/lisp/org-clock.el b/lisp/org-clock.el index b148a08..65c13fd 100644 --- a/lisp/org-clock.el +++ b/lisp/org-clock.el @@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ (declare-function org-element-type "org-element" (element)) (declare-function org-table-goto-line "org-table" (n)) -(defvar org-clock-stored-history nil - "Clock history, populated by `org-clock-load', which see.") (defvar org-frame-title-format-backup frame-title-format) (defvar org-time-stamp-formats) (defvar org-ts-what) @@ -461,6 +459,11 @@ to add an effort property.") (defvar org-clock-has-been-used nil "Has the clock been used during the current Emacs session?") +(defvar org-clock-stored-history nil + "Clock history, populated by `org-clock-load'") +(defvar org-clock-stored-resume-clock nil + "Clock to resume, saved by `org-clock-load'") + (defconst org-clock--oldest-date (let* ((dichotomy (lambda (min max pred) @@ -676,7 +679,7 @@ If not, show simply the clocked time like 01:50." "] (" (replace-regexp-in-string "%" "%%" org-clock-heading) ")") 'face 'org-mode-line-clock))) (format clockstr work-done-str)) - (propertize (concat "[" (org-minutes-to-clocksum-string clocked-time) + (propertize (concat " [" (org-minutes-to-clocksum-string clocked-time) "]" (format " (%s)" org-clock-heading)) 'face 'org-mode-line-clock)))) @@ -2367,6 +2370,7 @@ the currently selected interval size." (`file-with-archives (and buffer-file-name (org-add-archive-files (list buffer-file-name)))) + ((pred consp) scope) (_ (or (buffer-file-name) (current-buffer))))) (block (plist-get params :block)) (ts (plist-get params :tstart)) @@ -2427,8 +2431,7 @@ the currently selected interval size." ;; Even though `file-with-archives' can consist of ;; multiple files, we consider this is one extended file ;; instead. - (cond ((eq scope 'file-with-archives) nil) - ((consp files))))) + (and (consp files) (not (eq scope 'file-with-archives))))) (funcall formatter origin @@ -2923,85 +2926,66 @@ The details of what will be saved are regulated by the variable (or org-clock-loaded org-clock-has-been-used (not (file-exists-p org-clock-persist-file)))) - (let (b) - (with-current-buffer (find-file (expand-file-name org-clock-persist-file)) - (progn - (delete-region (point-min) (point-max)) - ;;Store clock - (insert (format ";; org-persist.el - %s at %s\n" - (system-name) (format-time-string - (cdr org-time-stamp-formats)))) - (if (and (memq org-clock-persist '(t clock)) - (setq b (org-clocking-buffer)) - (setq b (or (buffer-base-buffer b) b)) - (buffer-live-p b) - (buffer-file-name b) - (or (not org-clock-persist-query-save) - (y-or-n-p (concat "Save current clock (" - org-clock-heading ") ")))) - (insert "(setq resume-clock '(\"" - (buffer-file-name (org-clocking-buffer)) - "\" . " (int-to-string (marker-position org-clock-marker)) - "))\n")) - ;; Store clocked task history. Tasks are stored reversed to make - ;; reading simpler - (when (and (memq org-clock-persist '(t history)) - org-clock-history) - (insert - "(setq org-clock-stored-history '(" - (mapconcat - (lambda (m) - (when (and (setq b (marker-buffer m)) - (setq b (or (buffer-base-buffer b) b)) - (buffer-live-p b) - (buffer-file-name b)) - (concat "(\"" (buffer-file-name b) - "\" . " (int-to-string (marker-position m)) - ")"))) - (reverse org-clock-history) " ") "))\n")) - (save-buffer) - (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))))) + (with-temp-file org-clock-persist-file + (insert (format ";; org-persist.el - %s at %s\n" + (system-name) + (format-time-string (org-time-stamp-format t)))) + ;; Store clock to be resumed. + (when (and (memq org-clock-persist '(t clock)) + (let ((b (org-base-buffer (org-clocking-buffer)))) + (and (buffer-live-p b) + (buffer-file-name b) + (or (not org-clock-persist-query-save) + (y-or-n-p (format "Save current clock (%s) " + org-clock-heading)))))) + (insert + (format "(setq org-clock-stored-resume-clock '(%S . %d))\n" + (buffer-file-name (org-base-buffer (org-clocking-buffer))) + (marker-position org-clock-marker)))) + ;; Store clocked task history. Tasks are stored reversed to + ;; make reading simpler. + (when (and (memq org-clock-persist '(t history)) + org-clock-history) + (insert + (format "(setq org-clock-stored-history '(%s))\n" + (mapconcat + (lambda (m) + (let ((b (org-base-buffer (marker-buffer m)))) + (when (and (buffer-live-p b) + (buffer-file-name b)) + (format "(%S . %d)" + (buffer-file-name b) + (marker-position m))))) + (reverse org-clock-history) + " "))))))) (defun org-clock-load () "Load clock-related data from disk, maybe resuming a stored clock." (when (and org-clock-persist (not org-clock-loaded)) - (let ((filename (expand-file-name org-clock-persist-file)) - (org-clock-in-resume 'auto-restart) - resume-clock) - (if (not (file-readable-p filename)) - (message "Not restoring clock data; %s not found" - org-clock-persist-file) - (message "%s" "Restoring clock data") - (setq org-clock-loaded t) - ;; Load history. - (load-file filename) - (save-window-excursion - (dolist (task org-clock-stored-history) - (when (file-exists-p (car task)) - (org-clock-history-push (cdr task) - (find-file (car task)))))) - ;; Resume clock. - (when (and resume-clock org-clock-persist - (file-exists-p (car resume-clock)) - (or (not org-clock-persist-query-resume) - (y-or-n-p - (concat - "Resume clock (" - (with-current-buffer (find-file (car resume-clock)) - (save-excursion - (goto-char (cdr resume-clock)) - (org-back-to-heading t) - (let ((case-fold-search nil)) - (and (looking-at org-complex-heading-regexp) - (match-string 4))))) - ") ")))) - (when (file-exists-p (car resume-clock)) - (with-current-buffer (find-file (car resume-clock)) - (goto-char (cdr resume-clock)) - (let ((org-clock-auto-clock-resolution nil)) - (org-clock-in) - (if (outline-invisible-p) - (org-show-context)))))))))) + (if (file-readable-p org-clock-persist-file) + (message "Restoring clock data") + (message "Not restoring clock data; %S not found" org-clock-persist-file) + ;; Load history. + (load-file org-clock-persist-file) + (setq org-clock-loaded t) + (pcase-dolist (`(,(and file (pred file-exists-p)) . ,position) + org-clock-stored-history) + (org-clock-history-push position (find-file-noselect file))) + ;; Resume clock. + (pcase org-clock-stored-resume-clock + (`(,(and file (pred file-exists-p)) . ,position) + (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect file) + (when (or (not org-clock-persist-query-resume) + (y-or-n-p (format "Resume clock (%s) " + (save-excursion + (goto-char position) + (org-get-heading t t))))) + (goto-char position) + (let ((org-clock-in-resume 'auto-restart) + (org-clock-auto-clock-resolution nil)) + (org-clock-in) + (when (outline-invisible-p) (org-show-context)))))) + (_ nil))))) ;; Suggested bindings (org-defkey org-mode-map "\C-c\C-x\C-e" 'org-clock-modify-effort-estimate) diff --git a/lisp/org-colview.el b/lisp/org-colview.el index d33f505..3e53ccb 100644 --- a/lisp/org-colview.el +++ b/lisp/org-colview.el @@ -239,17 +239,15 @@ display, as a string." (org-columns-compact-links value))) (value))) -(defun org-columns--collect-values (&optional agenda) +(defun org-columns--collect-values (&optional compiled-fmt) "Collect values for columns on the current line. -When optional argument AGENDA is non-nil, assume the value is -meant for the agenda, i.e., caller is `org-agenda-columns'. - Return a list of triplets (SPEC VALUE DISPLAYED) suitable for `org-columns--display-here'. This function assumes `org-columns-current-fmt-compiled' is -initialized." +initialized is set in the current buffer. However, it is +possible to override it with optional argument COMPILED-FMT." (let ((summaries (get-text-property (point) 'org-summaries))) (mapcar (lambda (spec) @@ -257,19 +255,18 @@ initialized." (`(,p . ,_) (let* ((v (or (cdr (assoc spec summaries)) (org-entry-get (point) p 'selective t) - (and agenda + (and compiled-fmt ;assume `org-agenda-columns' ;; Effort property is not defined. Try ;; to use appointment duration. org-agenda-columns-add-appointments-to-effort-sum (string= p (upcase org-effort-property)) (get-text-property (point) 'duration) - (propertize - (org-minutes-to-clocksum-string - (get-text-property (point) 'duration)) - 'face 'org-warning)) + (propertize (org-minutes-to-clocksum-string + (get-text-property (point) 'duration)) + 'face 'org-warning)) ""))) (list spec v (org-columns--displayed-value spec v)))))) - org-columns-current-fmt-compiled))) + (or compiled-fmt org-columns-current-fmt-compiled)))) (defun org-columns--set-widths (cache) "Compute the maximum column widths from the format and CACHE. @@ -1068,12 +1065,12 @@ This function updates `org-columns-current-fmt-compiled'." A time is expressed as HH:MM, HH:MM:SS, or with units defined in `org-effort-durations'. Plain numbers are considered as hours." (cond - ((string-match "\\([0-9]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\)\\(?::\\([0-9]+\\)\\)?" s) + ((string-match-p org-columns--duration-re s) + (* 60 (org-duration-string-to-minutes s))) + ((string-match "\\`\\([0-9]+\\):\\([0-9]+\\)\\(?::\\([0-9]+\\)\\)?\\'" s) (+ (* 3600 (string-to-number (match-string 1 s))) (* 60 (string-to-number (match-string 2 s))) (if (match-end 3) (string-to-number (match-string 3 s)) 0))) - ((string-match-p org-columns--duration-re s) - (* 60 (org-duration-string-to-minutes s))) (t (* 3600 (string-to-number s))))) (defun org-columns--age-to-seconds (s) @@ -1507,26 +1504,26 @@ PARAMS is a property list of parameters: (interactive) (org-columns-remove-overlays) (move-marker org-columns-begin-marker (point)) - (let ((org-columns--time (float-time (current-time))) - (fmt - (cond - ((bound-and-true-p org-agenda-overriding-columns-format)) - ((let ((m (org-get-at-bol 'org-hd-marker))) - (and m - (or (org-entry-get m "COLUMNS" t) - (with-current-buffer (marker-buffer m) - org-columns-default-format))))) - ((and (local-variable-p 'org-columns-current-fmt) - org-columns-current-fmt)) - ((let ((m (next-single-property-change (point-min) 'org-hd-marker))) - (and m - (let ((m (get-text-property m 'org-hd-marker))) - (or (org-entry-get m "COLUMNS" t) - (with-current-buffer (marker-buffer m) - org-columns-default-format)))))) - (t org-columns-default-format)))) - (setq-local org-columns-current-fmt fmt) - (org-columns-compile-format fmt) + (let* ((org-columns--time (float-time (current-time))) + (fmt + (cond + ((bound-and-true-p org-agenda-overriding-columns-format)) + ((let ((m (org-get-at-bol 'org-hd-marker))) + (and m + (or (org-entry-get m "COLUMNS" t) + (with-current-buffer (marker-buffer m) + org-columns-default-format))))) + ((and (local-variable-p 'org-columns-current-fmt) + org-columns-current-fmt)) + ((let ((m (next-single-property-change (point-min) 'org-hd-marker))) + (and m + (let ((m (get-text-property m 'org-hd-marker))) + (or (org-entry-get m "COLUMNS" t) + (with-current-buffer (marker-buffer m) + org-columns-default-format)))))) + (t org-columns-default-format))) + (compiled-fmt (org-columns-compile-format fmt))) + (setq org-columns-current-fmt fmt) (when org-agenda-columns-compute-summary-properties (org-agenda-colview-compute org-columns-current-fmt-compiled)) (save-excursion @@ -1538,8 +1535,13 @@ PARAMS is a property list of parameters: (org-get-at-bol 'org-marker)))) (when m (push (cons (line-beginning-position) + ;; `org-columns-current-fmt-compiled' is + ;; initialized but only set locally to the + ;; agenda buffer. Since current buffer is + ;; changing, we need to force the original + ;; compiled-fmt there. (org-with-point-at m - (org-columns--collect-values 'agenda))) + (org-columns--collect-values compiled-fmt))) cache))) (forward-line)) (when cache diff --git a/lisp/org-element.el b/lisp/org-element.el index 027eea4..b86244e 100644 --- a/lisp/org-element.el +++ b/lisp/org-element.el @@ -1018,15 +1018,14 @@ Assume point is at beginning of the headline." (standard-props (org-element--get-node-properties)) (time-props (org-element--get-time-properties)) (end (min (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t t)) limit)) - (pos-after-head (progn (forward-line) (point))) (contents-begin (save-excursion + (forward-line) (skip-chars-forward " \r\t\n" end) (and (/= (point) end) (line-beginning-position)))) (contents-end (and contents-begin (progn (goto-char end) (skip-chars-backward " \r\t\n") - (forward-line) - (point))))) + (line-beginning-position 2))))) (let ((headline (list 'headline (nconc @@ -1035,7 +1034,7 @@ Assume point is at beginning of the headline." :end end :pre-blank (if (not contents-begin) 0 - (count-lines pos-after-head contents-begin)) + (1- (count-lines begin contents-begin))) :contents-begin contents-begin :contents-end contents-end :level level @@ -1043,9 +1042,10 @@ Assume point is at beginning of the headline." :tags tags :todo-keyword todo :todo-type todo-type - :post-blank (count-lines - (or contents-end pos-after-head) - end) + :post-blank + (if contents-end + (count-lines contents-end end) + (1- (count-lines begin end))) :footnote-section-p footnote-section-p :archivedp archivedp :commentedp commentedp @@ -1116,10 +1116,11 @@ CONTENTS is the contents of the element." "Parse an inline task. Return a list whose CAR is `inlinetask' and CDR is a plist -containing `:title', `:begin', `:end', `:contents-begin' and -`:contents-end', `:level', `:priority', `:raw-value', `:tags', -`:todo-keyword', `:todo-type', `:scheduled', `:deadline', -`:closed', `:post-blank' and `:post-affiliated' keywords. +containing `:title', `:begin', `:end', `:pre-blank', +`:contents-begin' and `:contents-end', `:level', `:priority', +`:raw-value', `:tags', `:todo-keyword', `:todo-type', +`:scheduled', `:deadline', `:closed', `:post-blank' and +`:post-affiliated' keywords. The plist also contains any property set in the property drawer, with its name in upper cases and colons added at the @@ -1157,18 +1158,20 @@ Assume point is at beginning of the inline task." (task-end (save-excursion (end-of-line) (and (re-search-forward org-outline-regexp-bol limit t) - (looking-at-p "END[ \t]*$") + (looking-at-p "[ \t]*END[ \t]*$") (line-beginning-position)))) (standard-props (and task-end (org-element--get-node-properties))) (time-props (and task-end (org-element--get-time-properties))) - (contents-begin (progn (forward-line) - (and task-end (< (point) task-end) (point)))) + (contents-begin (and task-end + (< (point) task-end) + (progn + (forward-line) + (skip-chars-forward " \t\n") + (line-beginning-position)))) (contents-end (and contents-begin task-end)) - (before-blank (if (not task-end) (point) - (goto-char task-end) - (forward-line) - (point))) - (end (progn (skip-chars-forward " \r\t\n" limit) + (end (progn (when task-end (goto-char task-end)) + (forward-line) + (skip-chars-forward " \r\t\n" limit) (if (eobp) (point) (line-beginning-position)))) (inlinetask (list 'inlinetask @@ -1176,6 +1179,9 @@ Assume point is at beginning of the inline task." (list :raw-value raw-value :begin begin :end end + :pre-blank + (if (not contents-begin) 0 + (1- (count-lines begin contents-begin))) :contents-begin contents-begin :contents-end contents-end :level level @@ -1183,7 +1189,7 @@ Assume point is at beginning of the inline task." :tags tags :todo-keyword todo :todo-type todo-type - :post-blank (count-lines before-blank end) + :post-blank (1- (count-lines (or task-end begin) end)) :post-affiliated begin) time-props standard-props)))) @@ -3839,10 +3845,14 @@ element it has to parse." (or (save-excursion (org-with-limited-levels (outline-next-heading))) limit))) ;; Planning. - ((and (eq mode 'planning) (looking-at org-planning-line-re)) + ((and (eq mode 'planning) + (eq ?* (char-after (line-beginning-position 0))) + (looking-at org-planning-line-re)) (org-element-planning-parser limit)) ;; Property drawer. ((and (memq mode '(planning property-drawer)) + (eq ?* (char-after (line-beginning-position + (if (eq mode 'planning) 0 -1)))) (looking-at org-property-drawer-re)) (org-element-property-drawer-parser limit)) ;; When not at bol, point is at the beginning of an item or diff --git a/lisp/org-list.el b/lisp/org-list.el index e8d9aef..bb39b6e 100644 --- a/lisp/org-list.el +++ b/lisp/org-list.el @@ -3036,7 +3036,7 @@ With a prefix argument ARG, change the region in a single item." ;; subtrees. (when (< level ref-level) (setq ref-level level)) ;; Remove stars and TODO keyword. - (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) (delete-region (point) (or (match-beginning 3) (line-end-position))) (insert bul) diff --git a/lisp/org-loaddefs.el b/lisp/org-loaddefs.el index 5bc5fef..1312741 100644 --- a/lisp/org-loaddefs.el +++ b/lisp/org-loaddefs.el @@ -979,10 +979,13 @@ this heading. (autoload 'org-archive-to-archive-sibling "org-archive" "\ Archive the current heading by moving it under the archive sibling. + The archive sibling is a sibling of the heading with the heading name `org-archive-sibling-heading' and an `org-archive-tag' tag. If this sibling does not exist, it will be created at the end of the subtree. +Archiving time is retained in the ARCHIVE_TIME node property. + \(fn)" t nil) (autoload 'org-toggle-archive-tag "org-archive" "\ @@ -1815,6 +1818,7 @@ SIZE is a string Columns x Rows like for example \"3x2\". (autoload 'org-table-convert-region "org-table" "\ Convert region to a table. + The region goes from BEG0 to END0, but these borders will be moved slightly, to make sure a beginning of line in the first line is included. @@ -1824,7 +1828,7 @@ following values: \(4) Use the comma as a field separator \(16) Use a TAB as field separator \(64) Prompt for a regular expression as field separator -integer When a number, use that many spaces as field separator +integer When a number, use that many spaces, or a TAB, as field separator regexp When a regular expression, use it to match the separator nil When nil, the command tries to be smart and figure out the separator in the following way: diff --git a/lisp/org-pcomplete.el b/lisp/org-pcomplete.el index f3b498e..5a52491 100644 --- a/lisp/org-pcomplete.el +++ b/lisp/org-pcomplete.el @@ -315,10 +315,11 @@ This needs more work, to handle headings with lots of spaces in them." (save-excursion (goto-char (point-min)) (let (tbl) - (while (re-search-forward org-todo-line-regexp nil t) - (push (org-make-org-heading-search-string - (match-string-no-properties 3)) - tbl)) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) + (while (re-search-forward org-todo-line-regexp nil t) + (push (org-make-org-heading-search-string + (match-string-no-properties 3)) + tbl))) (pcomplete-uniqify-list tbl))) (substring pcomplete-stub 1)))) diff --git a/lisp/org-src.el b/lisp/org-src.el index bcc93ac..89f3238 100644 --- a/lisp/org-src.el +++ b/lisp/org-src.el @@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ white spaces. Match group 2 contains the same string without any surrounding space. Match group 3 contains the label. A coderef format regexp can only match at the end of a line." - (format "\\S-\\([ \t]*\\(%s\\)[ \t]*\\)$" + (format "\\([ \t]*\\(%s\\)[ \t]*\\)$" (replace-regexp-in-string "%s" (if label (regexp-quote label) "\\([-a-zA-Z0-9_][-a-zA-Z0-9_ ]*\\)") diff --git a/lisp/org-table.el b/lisp/org-table.el index e2bbe87..4bd1c89 100644 --- a/lisp/org-table.el +++ b/lisp/org-table.el @@ -563,6 +563,7 @@ SIZE is a string Columns x Rows like for example \"3x2\"." ;;;###autoload (defun org-table-convert-region (beg0 end0 &optional separator) "Convert region to a table. + The region goes from BEG0 to END0, but these borders will be moved slightly, to make sure a beginning of line in the first line is included. @@ -572,7 +573,7 @@ following values: (4) Use the comma as a field separator (16) Use a TAB as field separator (64) Prompt for a regular expression as field separator -integer When a number, use that many spaces as field separator +integer When a number, use that many spaces, or a TAB, as field separator regexp When a regular expression, use it to match the separator nil When nil, the command tries to be smart and figure out the separator in the following way: diff --git a/lisp/org-version.el b/lisp/org-version.el index 12b5274..cd5f875 100644 --- a/lisp/org-version.el +++ b/lisp/org-version.el @@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ (defun org-release () "The release version of Org. Inserted by installing Org mode or when a release is made." - (let ((org-release "9.0")) + (let ((org-release "9.0.2")) org-release)) ;;;###autoload (defun org-git-version () "The Git version of org-mode. Inserted by installing Org or when a release is made." - (let ((org-git-version "9.0-dist")) + (let ((org-git-version "9.0.2-dist")) org-git-version)) ;;;###autoload (defvar org-odt-data-dir "/usr/share/emacs/etc/org" diff --git a/lisp/org.el b/lisp/org.el index e2cc3ab..08b3f3a 100644 --- a/lisp/org.el +++ b/lisp/org.el @@ -923,6 +923,7 @@ already archived entries." (defcustom org-startup-folded t "Non-nil means entering Org mode will switch to OVERVIEW. + This can also be configured on a per-file basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the buffer: @@ -931,9 +932,9 @@ the following lines anywhere in the buffer: #+STARTUP: content #+STARTUP: showeverything -By default, this option is ignored when Org opens agenda files -for the first time. If you want the agenda to honor the startup -option, set `org-agenda-inhibit-startup' to nil." +Set `org-agenda-inhibit-startup' to a non-nil value if you want +to ignore this option when Org opens agenda files for the first +time." :group 'org-startup :type '(choice (const :tag "nofold: show all" nil) @@ -2083,16 +2084,22 @@ Changing this requires a restart of Emacs to work correctly." :type 'integer) (defcustom org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline 'query-to-create - "Non-nil means internal links in Org files must exactly match a headline. -When nil, the link search tries to match a phrase with all words -in the search text." + "Non-nil means internal fuzzy links can only match headlines. + +When nil, the a fuzzy link may point to a target or a named +construct in the document. When set to the special value +`query-to-create', offer to create a new headline when none +matched. + +Spaces and statistics cookies are ignored during heading searches." :group 'org-link-follow :version "24.1" :type '(choice (const :tag "Use fuzzy text search" nil) (const :tag "Match only exact headline" t) (const :tag "Match exact headline or query to create it" - query-to-create))) + query-to-create)) + :safe #'symbolp) (defcustom org-link-frame-setup '((vm . vm-visit-folder-other-frame) @@ -2244,7 +2251,7 @@ See `org-file-apps'.") ("dvi" . "xdvi %s") ("fig" . "xfig %s") (t . "open %s")) - "Default file applications on a MacOS X system. + "Default file applications on a macOS system. The system \"open\" is known as a default, but we use X11 applications for some files for which the OS does not have a good default. See `org-file-apps'.") @@ -2316,7 +2323,7 @@ Possible values for the file identifier are: will also open html files inside Emacs, unless you add (\"html\" . default) to the list as well. `system' The system command to open files, like `open' on Windows - and Mac OS X, and mailcap under GNU/Linux. This is the command + and macOS, and mailcap under GNU/Linux. This is the command that will be selected if you call `org-open-at-point' with a double prefix argument (`\\[universal-argument] \ \\[universal-argument] \\[org-open-at-point]'). @@ -3546,7 +3553,7 @@ The value of this variable is an alist. Associations either: (TAG . SELECT) (SPECIAL) -where TAG is a tag as a string, SELECT is a character, used to +where TAG is a tag as a string, SELECT is character, used to select that tag through the fast tag selection interface, and SPECIAL is one of the following keywords: `:startgroup', `:startgrouptag', `:grouptags', `:engroup', `:endgrouptag' or @@ -4078,36 +4085,35 @@ All available processes and theirs documents can be found in (defcustom org-preview-latex-process-alist '((dvipng - :programs ("latex" "dvipng" "gs") + :programs ("latex" "dvipng") :description "dvi > png" - :message "you need to install the programs: latex, dvipng and ghostscript." + :message "you need to install the programs: latex and dvipng." :image-input-type "dvi" :image-output-type "png" :image-size-adjust (1.0 . 1.0) :latex-compiler ("latex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f") - :image-converter ("dvipng -fg %F -bg %B -D %D -T tight -o %b.png %f")) + :image-converter ("dvipng -fg %F -bg %B -D %D -T tight -o %O %f")) (dvisvgm - :programs ("latex" "dvisvgm" "gs") + :programs ("latex" "dvisvgm") :description "dvi > svg" - :message "you need to install the programs: latex, dvisvgm and ghostscript." + :message "you need to install the programs: latex and dvisvgm." :use-xcolor t :image-input-type "dvi" :image-output-type "svg" :image-size-adjust (1.7 . 1.5) :latex-compiler ("latex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f") - :image-converter ("dvisvgm %f -n -b min -c %S -o %b.svg")) + :image-converter ("dvisvgm %f -n -b min -c %S -o %O")) (imagemagick - :programs ("latex" "convert" "gs") + :programs ("latex" "convert") :description "pdf > png" - :message - "you need to install the programs: latex, imagemagick and ghostscript." + :message "you need to install the programs: latex and imagemagick." :use-xcolor t :image-input-type "pdf" :image-output-type "png" :image-size-adjust (1.0 . 1.0) :latex-compiler ("pdflatex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f") :image-converter - ("convert -density %D -trim -antialias %f -quality 100 %b.png"))) + ("convert -density %D -trim -antialias %f -quality 100 %O"))) "Definitions of external processes for LaTeX previewing. Org mode can use some external commands to generate TeX snippet's images for previewing or inserting into HTML files, e.g., \"dvipng\". This variable tells @@ -4150,9 +4156,10 @@ PROPERTIES accepts the following attributes: Place-holders used by `:image-converter' and `:latex-compiler': - %f input file name. - %b base name of input file. - %o base directory of input file. + %f input file name + %b base name of input file + %o base directory of input file + %O absolute output file name Place-holders only used by `:image-converter': @@ -4903,29 +4910,43 @@ Otherwise, these types are allowed: ;;; Variables for pre-computed regular expressions, all buffer local (defvar-local org-todo-regexp nil - "Matches any of the TODO state keywords.") + "Matches any of the TODO state keywords. +Since TODO keywords are case-sensitive, `case-fold-search' is +expected to be bound to nil when matching against this regexp.") + (defvar-local org-not-done-regexp nil - "Matches any of the TODO state keywords except the last one.") + "Matches any of the TODO state keywords except the last one. +Since TODO keywords are case-sensitive, `case-fold-search' is +expected to be bound to nil when matching against this regexp.") + (defvar-local org-not-done-heading-regexp nil - "Matches a TODO headline that is not done.") + "Matches a TODO headline that is not done. +Since TODO keywords are case-sensitive, `case-fold-search' is +expected to be bound to nil when matching against this regexp.") + (defvar-local org-todo-line-regexp nil - "Matches a headline and puts TODO state into group 2 if present.") + "Matches a headline and puts TODO state into group 2 if present. +Since TODO keywords are case-sensitive, `case-fold-search' is +expected to be bound to nil when matching against this regexp.") + (defvar-local org-complex-heading-regexp nil "Matches a headline and puts everything into groups: -group 1: the stars -group 2: The todo keyword, maybe +group 1: Stars +group 2: The TODO keyword, maybe group 3: Priority cookie group 4: True headline group 5: Tags Since TODO keywords are case-sensitive, `case-fold-search' is -expected to be bound to nil when matching this regexp.") +expected to be bound to nil when matching against this regexp.") + (defvar-local org-complex-heading-regexp-format nil "Printf format to make regexp to match an exact headline. This regexp will match the headline of any node which has the exact headline text that is put into the format, but may have any TODO state, priority and tags.") + (defvar-local org-todo-line-tags-regexp nil "Matches a headline and puts TODO state into group 2 if present. Also put tags into group 4 if tags are present.") @@ -8197,7 +8218,7 @@ unchecked check box." (save-excursion (org-back-to-heading) (outline-previous-heading) - (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp))) (let* ((new-mark-x (if (or (equal arg '(4)) (not (match-beginning 2)) @@ -8289,12 +8310,12 @@ headings in the region." "Fix cursor position and indentation after demoting/promoting." (let ((pos (point))) (when (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line 1) - (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp) - (or (equal pos (match-end 1)) (equal pos (match-end 2)))) + (beginning-of-line) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) + (or (eq pos (match-end 1)) (eq pos (match-end 2)))) (cond ((eobp) (insert " ")) ((eolp) (insert " ")) - ((equal (char-after) ?\ ) (forward-char 1)))))) + ((equal (char-after) ?\s) (forward-char 1)))))) (defun org-current-level () "Return the level of the current entry, or nil if before the first headline. @@ -11135,7 +11156,8 @@ of matched result, which is either `dedicated' or `fuzzy'." (let* ((case-fold-search t) (origin (point)) (normalized (replace-regexp-in-string "\n[ \t]*" " " s)) - (words (org-split-string s "[ \t\n]+")) + (starred (eq (string-to-char normalized) ?*)) + (words (split-string (if starred (substring s 1) s))) (s-multi-re (mapconcat #'regexp-quote words "[ \t]+\\(?:\n[ \t]*\\)?")) (s-single-re (mapconcat #'regexp-quote words "[ \t]+")) type) @@ -11177,109 +11199,104 @@ of matched result, which is either `dedicated' or `fuzzy'." ;; Look for a regular expression. (funcall (if (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) #'org-occur #'org-do-occur) (match-string 1 s))) - ;; Fuzzy links. - (t - (let ((starred (eq (string-to-char normalized) ?*))) - (cond - ;; Look for targets, only if not in a headline search. - ((and (not starred) - (let ((target (format "<<%s>>" s-multi-re))) - (catch :target-match - (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (re-search-forward target nil t) - (backward-char) - (let ((context (org-element-context))) - (when (eq (org-element-type context) 'target) - (setq type 'dedicated) - (goto-char (org-element-property :begin context)) - (throw :target-match t)))) - nil)))) - ;; Look for elements named after S, only if not in a headline - ;; search. - ((and (not starred) - (let ((name (format "^[ \t]*#\\+NAME: +%s[ \t]*$" s-single-re))) - (catch :name-match - (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (re-search-forward name nil t) - (let ((element (org-element-at-point))) - (when (equal (org-split-string - (org-element-property :name element) - "[ \t]+") - words) - (setq type 'dedicated) - (beginning-of-line) - (throw :name-match t)))) - nil)))) - ;; Regular text search. Prefer headlines in Org mode - ;; buffers. - ((and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) - (let* ((wspace "[ \t]") - (wspaceopt (concat wspace "*")) - (cookie (concat "\\(?:" - wspaceopt - "\\[[0-9]*\\(?:%\\|/[0-9]*\\)\\]" - wspaceopt - "\\)")) - (sep (concat "\\(?:\\(?:" wspace "\\|" cookie "\\)+\\)")) - (re (concat - org-outline-regexp-bol - "\\(?:" org-todo-regexp "[ \t]+\\)?" - "\\(?:\\[#.\\][ \t]+\\)?" - "\\(?:" org-comment-string "[ \t]+\\)?" - sep "?" - (let ((title (mapconcat #'regexp-quote - words - sep))) - (if starred (substring title 1) title)) - sep "?" - "\\(?:[ \t]+:[[:alnum:]_@#%%:]+:\\)?" - "[ \t]*$"))) - (goto-char (point-min)) - (re-search-forward re nil t))) - (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (setq type 'dedicated)) - ;; Offer to create non-existent headline depending on - ;; `org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline'. - ((and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) - (not org-link-search-inhibit-query) - (eq org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline 'query-to-create) - (yes-or-no-p "No match - create this as a new heading? ")) - (goto-char (point-max)) - (unless (bolp) (newline)) - (org-insert-heading nil t t) - (insert s "\n") - (beginning-of-line 0)) - ;; Only headlines are looked after. No need to process - ;; further: throw an error. - ((and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) - (or starred org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline)) - (goto-char origin) - (error "No match for fuzzy expression: %s" normalized)) - ;; Regular text search. - ((catch :fuzzy-match - (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (re-search-forward s-multi-re nil t) - ;; Skip match if it contains AVOID-POS or it is included - ;; in a link with a description but outside the - ;; description. - (unless (or (and avoid-pos - (<= (match-beginning 0) avoid-pos) - (> (match-end 0) avoid-pos)) - (and (save-match-data - (org-in-regexp org-bracket-link-regexp)) - (match-beginning 3) - (or (> (match-beginning 3) (point)) - (<= (match-end 3) (point))) - (org-element-lineage - (save-match-data (org-element-context)) - '(link) t))) - (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) - (setq type 'fuzzy) - (throw :fuzzy-match t))) - nil)) - ;; All failed. Throw an error. - (t (goto-char origin) - (error "No match for fuzzy expression: %s" normalized)))))) + ;; From here, we handle fuzzy links. + ;; + ;; Look for targets, only if not in a headline search. + ((and (not starred) + (let ((target (format "<<%s>>" s-multi-re))) + (catch :target-match + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (re-search-forward target nil t) + (backward-char) + (let ((context (org-element-context))) + (when (eq (org-element-type context) 'target) + (setq type 'dedicated) + (goto-char (org-element-property :begin context)) + (throw :target-match t)))) + nil)))) + ;; Look for elements named after S, only if not in a headline + ;; search. + ((and (not starred) + (let ((name (format "^[ \t]*#\\+NAME: +%s[ \t]*$" s-single-re))) + (catch :name-match + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (re-search-forward name nil t) + (let ((element (org-element-at-point))) + (when (equal words + (split-string + (org-element-property :name element))) + (setq type 'dedicated) + (beginning-of-line) + (throw :name-match t)))) + nil)))) + ;; Regular text search. Prefer headlines in Org mode buffers. + ;; Ignore COMMENT keyword, TODO keywords, priority cookies, + ;; statistics cookies and tags. + ((and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) + (let ((title-re + (format "%s[ \t]*\\(?:%s[ \t]+\\)?.*%s" + org-outline-regexp-bol + org-comment-string + (mapconcat + (lambda (w) (format "\\<%s\\>" (regexp-quote w))) + words + ".+"))) + (cookie-re "\\[[0-9]*\\(?:%\\|/[0-9]*\\)\\]") + (comment-re (format "\\`%s[ \t]+" org-comment-string))) + (goto-char (point-min)) + (catch :found + (while (re-search-forward title-re nil t) + (when (equal words + (split-string + (replace-regexp-in-string + cookie-re "" + (replace-regexp-in-string + comment-re "" (org-get-heading t t))))) + (throw :found t))) + nil))) + (beginning-of-line) + (setq type 'dedicated)) + ;; Offer to create non-existent headline depending on + ;; `org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline'. + ((and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) + (not org-link-search-inhibit-query) + (eq org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline 'query-to-create) + (yes-or-no-p "No match - create this as a new heading? ")) + (goto-char (point-max)) + (unless (bolp) (newline)) + (org-insert-heading nil t t) + (insert s "\n") + (beginning-of-line 0)) + ;; Only headlines are looked after. No need to process + ;; further: throw an error. + ((and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) + (or starred org-link-search-must-match-exact-headline)) + (goto-char origin) + (error "No match for fuzzy expression: %s" normalized)) + ;; Regular text search. + ((catch :fuzzy-match + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (re-search-forward s-multi-re nil t) + ;; Skip match if it contains AVOID-POS or it is included in + ;; a link with a description but outside the description. + (unless (or (and avoid-pos + (<= (match-beginning 0) avoid-pos) + (> (match-end 0) avoid-pos)) + (and (save-match-data + (org-in-regexp org-bracket-link-regexp)) + (match-beginning 3) + (or (> (match-beginning 3) (point)) + (<= (match-end 3) (point))) + (org-element-lineage + (save-match-data (org-element-context)) + '(link) t))) + (goto-char (match-beginning 0)) + (setq type 'fuzzy) + (throw :fuzzy-match t))) + nil)) + ;; All failed. Throw an error. + (t (goto-char origin) + (error "No match for fuzzy expression: %s" normalized))) ;; Disclose surroundings of match, if appropriate. (when (and (derived-mode-p 'org-mode) (not stealth)) (org-show-context 'link-search)) @@ -12844,7 +12861,8 @@ changes. Such blocking occurs when: (save-excursion (org-back-to-heading t) (let* ((pos (point)) - (parent-pos (and (org-up-heading-safe) (point)))) + (parent-pos (and (org-up-heading-safe) (point))) + (case-fold-search nil)) (unless parent-pos (throw 'dont-block t)) ; no parent (when (and (org-not-nil (org-entry-get (point) "ORDERED")) (forward-line 1) @@ -13225,7 +13243,7 @@ Returns the new TODO keyword, or nil if no state change should occur." "Return the TODO keyword of the current subtree." (save-excursion (org-back-to-heading t) - (and (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp) + (and (let ((case-fold-search nil)) (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) (match-end 2) (match-string 2)))) @@ -13310,77 +13328,81 @@ This function is run automatically after each state change to a DONE state." org-log-repeat))) (org-back-to-heading t) (org-add-planning-info nil nil 'closed) - (let ((end (save-excursion (outline-next-heading) (point)))) + (let ((end (save-excursion (outline-next-heading) (point))) + (planning-re (regexp-opt + (list org-scheduled-string org-deadline-string)))) (while (re-search-forward org-ts-regexp end t) - (when (save-match-data - (or (org-at-planning-p) - (org-at-property-p) - (eq (org-element-type (save-excursion - (backward-char) - (org-element-context))) - 'timestamp))) - (let ((type (cond ((match-end 1) org-scheduled-string) - ((match-end 3) org-deadline-string) - (t "Plain:"))) - (ts (or (match-string 2) (match-string 4) (match-string 0)))) - (cond - ((not - (string-match "\\([.+]\\)?\\(\\+[0-9]+\\)\\([hdwmy]\\)" ts)) - ;; Time-stamps without a repeater are usually skipped. - ;; However, a SCHEDULED time-stamp without one is - ;; removed, as it is considered as no longer relevant. - (when (equal type org-scheduled-string) - (org-remove-timestamp-with-keyword type))) - (t - (let ((n (string-to-number (match-string 2 ts))) - (what (match-string 3 ts))) - (when (equal what "w") (setq n (* n 7) what "d")) - (when (and (equal what "h") - (not (string-match-p "[0-9]\\{1,2\\}:[0-9]\\{2\\}" - ts))) - (user-error - "Cannot repeat in Repeat in %d hour(s) because no hour \ + (let* ((ts (match-string 0)) + (planning? (org-at-planning-p)) + (type (if (not planning?) "Plain:" + (save-excursion + (re-search-backward + planning-re (line-beginning-position) t) + (match-string 0))))) + (cond + ;; Ignore fake time-stamps (e.g., within comments). + ((and (not planning?) + (not (org-at-property-p)) + (not (eq 'timestamp + (org-element-type (save-excursion + (backward-char) + (org-element-context))))))) + ;; Time-stamps without a repeater are usually skipped. + ;; However, a SCHEDULED time-stamp without one is + ;; removed, as it is considered as no longer relevant. + ((not (string-match "\\([.+]\\)?\\(\\+[0-9]+\\)\\([hdwmy]\\)" ts)) + (when (equal type org-scheduled-string) + (org-remove-timestamp-with-keyword type))) + (t + (let ((n (string-to-number (match-string 2 ts))) + (what (match-string 3 ts))) + (when (equal what "w") (setq n (* n 7) what "d")) + (when (and (equal what "h") + (not (string-match-p "[0-9]\\{1,2\\}:[0-9]\\{2\\}" + ts))) + (user-error + "Cannot repeat in Repeat in %d hour(s) because no hour \ has been set" - n)) - ;; Preparation, see if we need to modify the start - ;; date for the change. - (when (match-end 1) - (let ((time (save-match-data (org-time-string-to-time ts)))) - (cond - ((equal (match-string 1 ts) ".") - ;; Shift starting date to today - (org-timestamp-change - (- (org-today) (time-to-days time)) - 'day)) - ((equal (match-string 1 ts) "+") - (let ((nshiftmax 10) - (nshift 0)) - (while (or (= nshift 0) - (not (time-less-p (current-time) time))) - (when (= (cl-incf nshift) nshiftmax) - (or (y-or-n-p - (format "%d repeater intervals were not \ + n)) + ;; Preparation, see if we need to modify the start + ;; date for the change. + (when (match-end 1) + (let ((time (save-match-data (org-time-string-to-time ts)))) + (cond + ((equal (match-string 1 ts) ".") + ;; Shift starting date to today + (org-timestamp-change + (- (org-today) (time-to-days time)) + 'day)) + ((equal (match-string 1 ts) "+") + (let ((nshiftmax 10) + (nshift 0)) + (while (or (= nshift 0) + (not (time-less-p (current-time) time))) + (when (= (cl-incf nshift) nshiftmax) + (or (y-or-n-p + (format "%d repeater intervals were not \ enough to shift date past today. Continue? " - nshift)) - (user-error "Abort"))) - (org-timestamp-change n (cdr (assoc what whata))) - (org-at-timestamp-p t) - (setq ts (match-string 1)) - (setq time - (save-match-data - (org-time-string-to-time ts))))) - (org-timestamp-change (- n) (cdr (assoc what whata))) - ;; Rematch, so that we have everything in - ;; place for the real shift. - (org-at-timestamp-p t) - (setq ts (match-string 1)) - (string-match "\\([.+]\\)?\\(\\+[0-9]+\\)\\([hdwmy]\\)" - ts))))) - (save-excursion - (org-timestamp-change n (cdr (assoc what whata)) nil t)) - (setq msg - (concat - msg type " " org-last-changed-timestamp " "))))))))) + nshift)) + (user-error "Abort"))) + (org-timestamp-change n (cdr (assoc what whata))) + (org-at-timestamp-p t) + (setq ts (match-string 1)) + (setq time + (save-match-data + (org-time-string-to-time ts))))) + (org-timestamp-change (- n) (cdr (assoc what whata))) + ;; Rematch, so that we have everything in place + ;; for the real shift. + (org-at-timestamp-p t) + (setq ts (match-string 1)) + (string-match "\\([.+]\\)?\\(\\+[0-9]+\\)\\([hdwmy]\\)" + ts))))) + (save-excursion + (org-timestamp-change n (cdr (assoc what whata)) nil t)) + (setq msg + (concat + msg type " " org-last-changed-timestamp " ")))))))) (setq org-log-post-message msg) (message "%s" msg)))) @@ -14256,8 +14278,7 @@ ACTION can be `set', `up', `down', or a character." (replace-match news t t nil 2)) (if remove (user-error "No priority cookie found in line") - (let ((case-fold-search nil)) - (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp)) (if (match-end 2) (progn (goto-char (match-end 2)) @@ -14505,10 +14526,14 @@ headlines matching this string." (defun org-match-sparse-tree (&optional todo-only match) "Create a sparse tree according to tags string MATCH. -MATCH can contain positive and negative selection of tags, like -\"+WORK+URGENT-WITHBOSS\". -If optional argument TODO-ONLY is non-nil, only select lines that are -also TODO lines." + +MATCH is a string with match syntax. It can contain a selection +of tags (\"+work+urgent-boss\"), properties (\"LEVEL>3\"), and +TODO keywords (\"TODO=\\\"WAITING\\\"\") or a combination of +those. See the manual for details. + +If optional argument TODO-ONLY is non-nil, only select lines that +are also TODO tasks." (interactive "P") (org-agenda-prepare-buffers (list (current-buffer))) (let ((org--matcher-tags-todo-only todo-only)) @@ -17778,7 +17803,7 @@ days in order to avoid rounding problems." (org-define-error 'org-diary-sexp-no-match "Unable to match diary sexp") -(defun org-time-string-to-absolute (s &optional daynr prefer show-all buffer pos) +(defun org-time-string-to-absolute (s &optional daynr prefer buffer pos) "Convert time stamp S to an absolute day number. If DAYNR in non-nil, and there is a specifier for a cyclic time @@ -17802,7 +17827,7 @@ signalled." (match-string 1 s) "" (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute daynr))) daynr (signal 'org-diary-sexp-no-match (list s)))) - ((and daynr show-all) (org-closest-date s daynr prefer)) + (daynr (org-closest-date s daynr prefer)) (t (time-to-days (condition-case errdata (apply #'encode-time (org-parse-time-string s)) @@ -18100,7 +18125,7 @@ INACTIVE-OK." (defun org-at-clock-log-p nil "Is the cursor on the clock log line?" (save-excursion - (move-beginning-of-line 1) + (beginning-of-line) (looking-at org-clock-line-re))) (defvar org-clock-history) ; defined in org-clock.el @@ -19361,12 +19386,9 @@ inspection." (with-current-buffer (find-file-noselect tmp-out-file t) (goto-char (point-min)) (when (re-search-forward - (concat - (regexp-quote - "<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"") - "[^>]*?>" - "\\(.\\|\n\\)*" - "</math>") + (format "<math[^>]*?%s[^>]*?>\\(.\\|\n\\)*</math>" + (regexp-quote + "xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"")) nil t) (prog1 (match-string 0) (kill-buffer)))))) (cond @@ -19436,9 +19458,8 @@ inspection." (defun org--get-display-dpi () "Get the DPI of the display. - -Assumes that the display has the same pixel width in the -horizontal and vertical directions." +The function assumes that the display has the same pixel width in +the horizontal and vertical directions." (if (display-graphic-p) (round (/ (display-pixel-height) (/ (display-mm-height) 25.4))) @@ -19481,12 +19502,11 @@ a HTML file." (texfilebase (make-temp-name (expand-file-name "orgtex" tmpdir))) (texfile (concat texfilebase ".tex")) - (font-height (face-attribute 'default :height nil)) (image-size-adjust (or (plist-get processing-info :image-size-adjust) '(1.0 . 1.0))) (scale (* (if buffer (car image-size-adjust) (cdr image-size-adjust)) (or (plist-get options (if buffer :scale :html-scale)) 1.0))) - (dpi (* scale (floor (if buffer font-height 140.0)))) + (dpi (* scale (if buffer (org--get-display-dpi) 140.0))) (fg (or (plist-get options (if buffer :foreground :html-foreground)) "Black")) (bg (or (plist-get options (if buffer :background :html-background)) @@ -22740,43 +22760,42 @@ If PROCESS is a function, it is called with a single argument: the SOURCE file. If it is a list of commands, each of them is called using -`shell-command'. By default, in each command, %b, %f, %F and %o -are replaced with, respectively, SOURCE base name, name, full -name and directory. It is possible, however, to use more -place-holders by specifying them in optional argument SPEC, as an -alist following the pattern (CHARACTER . REPLACEMENT-STRING). +`shell-command'. By default, in each command, %b, %f, %F, %o and +%O are replaced with, respectively, SOURCE base name, name, full +name, directory and absolute output file name. It is possible, +however, to use more place-holders by specifying them in optional +argument SPEC, as an alist following the pattern + + (CHARACTER . REPLACEMENT-STRING). When PROCESS is a list of commands, optional argument LOG-BUF can be set to a buffer or a buffer name. `shell-command' then uses -it for output. - -`default-directory' is set to SOURCE directory during the whole -process." - (let* ((source-name (file-name-nondirectory source)) - (base-name (file-name-sans-extension source-name)) +it for output." + (let* ((base-name (file-name-base source)) (full-name (file-truename source)) (out-dir (file-name-directory source)) + (output (expand-file-name (concat base-name "." ext) out-dir)) (time (current-time)) (err-msg (if (stringp err-msg) (concat ". " err-msg) ""))) (save-window-excursion - (let ((default-directory (file-name-directory full-name))) - (pcase process - ((pred functionp) (funcall process (shell-quote-argument source))) - ((pred consp) - (let ((log-buf (and log-buf (get-buffer-create log-buf))) - (spec (append spec - `((?b . ,(shell-quote-argument base-name)) - (?f . ,(shell-quote-argument source-name)) - (?F . ,(shell-quote-argument full-name)) - (?o . ,(shell-quote-argument out-dir)))))) - (dolist (command process) - (shell-command (format-spec command spec) log-buf)))) - (_ (error "No valid command to process %S%s" source err-msg))))) - ;; Check for process failure. - (let ((output (concat out-dir base-name "." ext))) - (unless (org-file-newer-than-p output time) - (error (format "File %S wasn't produced%s" output err-msg))) - output))) + (pcase process + ((pred functionp) (funcall process (shell-quote-argument source))) + ((pred consp) + (let ((log-buf (and log-buf (get-buffer-create log-buf))) + (spec (append spec + `((?b . ,(shell-quote-argument base-name)) + (?f . ,(shell-quote-argument source)) + (?F . ,(shell-quote-argument full-name)) + (?o . ,(shell-quote-argument out-dir)) + (?O . ,(shell-quote-argument output)))))) + (dolist (command process) + (shell-command (format-spec command spec) log-buf)))) + (_ (error "No valid command to process %S%s" source err-msg)))) + ;; Check for process failure. Output file is expected to be + ;; located in the same directory as SOURCE. + (unless (org-file-newer-than-p output time) + (error (format "File %S wasn't produced%s" output err-msg))) + output)) ;;; Indentation @@ -24140,13 +24159,13 @@ unless optional argument NO-INHERITANCE is non-nil." "If point is at the end of an empty headline, return t, else nil. If the heading only contains a TODO keyword, it is still still considered empty." - (and (looking-at "[ \t]*$") - (when org-todo-line-regexp + (let ((case-fold-search nil)) + (and (looking-at "[ \t]*$") + org-todo-line-regexp (save-excursion - (beginning-of-line 1) - (let ((case-fold-search nil)) - (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp) - (string= (match-string 3) "")))))) + (beginning-of-line) + (looking-at org-todo-line-regexp) + (string= (match-string 3) ""))))) (defun org-at-heading-or-item-p () (or (org-at-heading-p) (org-at-item-p))) @@ -24669,7 +24688,8 @@ Move to the previous element at the same level, when possible." "Move backward element at point." (interactive) (if (org-with-limited-levels (org-at-heading-p)) (org-move-subtree-up) - (let* ((elem (org-element-at-point)) + (let* ((elem (or (org-element-at-point) + (user-error "No element at point"))) (prev-elem (save-excursion (goto-char (org-element-property :begin elem)) @@ -24695,7 +24715,8 @@ Move to the previous element at the same level, when possible." "Move forward element at point." (interactive) (let* ((pos (point)) - (elem (org-element-at-point))) + (elem (or (org-element-at-point) + (user-error "No element at point")))) (when (= (point-max) (org-element-property :end elem)) (user-error "Cannot drag element forward")) (goto-char (org-element-property :end elem)) diff --git a/lisp/ox-beamer.el b/lisp/ox-beamer.el index c254c0b..d566516 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-beamer.el +++ b/lisp/ox-beamer.el @@ -720,46 +720,16 @@ channel." "Transcode a LINK object into Beamer code. CONTENTS is the description part of the link. INFO is a plist used as a communication channel." - (let ((type (org-element-property :type link))) - (cond - ;; Link type is handled by a special function. - ((org-export-custom-protocol-maybe link contents 'beamer)) - ;; Use \hyperlink command for all internal links. - ((equal type "radio") - (let ((destination (org-export-resolve-radio-link link info))) - (if (not destination) contents - (format "\\hyperlink%s{%s}{%s}" - (or (org-beamer--element-has-overlay-p link) "") - (org-export-get-reference destination info) - contents)))) - ((and (member type '("custom-id" "fuzzy" "id")) - (let ((destination (if (string= type "fuzzy") - (org-export-resolve-fuzzy-link link info) - (org-export-resolve-id-link link info)))) - (cl-case (org-element-type destination) - (headline - (let ((label - (format "sec-%s" - (mapconcat - 'number-to-string - (org-export-get-headline-number - destination info) - "-")))) - (if (and (plist-get info :section-numbers) (not contents)) - (format "\\ref{%s}" label) - (format "\\hyperlink%s{%s}{%s}" - (or (org-beamer--element-has-overlay-p link) "") - label - contents)))) - (target - (let ((ref (org-export-get-reference destination info))) - (if (not contents) (format "\\ref{%s}" ref) - (format "\\hyperlink%s{%s}{%s}" - (or (org-beamer--element-has-overlay-p link) "") - ref - contents)))))))) - ;; Otherwise, use `latex' back-end. - (t (org-export-with-backend 'latex link contents info))))) + (or (org-export-custom-protocol-maybe link contents 'beamer) + ;; Fall-back to LaTeX export. However, prefer "\hyperlink" over + ;; "\hyperref" since the former handles overlay specifications. + (let ((latex-link (org-export-with-backend 'latex link contents info))) + (if (string-match "\\`\\\\hyperref\\[\\(.*?\\)\\]" latex-link) + (replace-match + (format "\\\\hyperlink%s{\\1}" + (or (org-beamer--element-has-overlay-p link) "")) + nil nil latex-link) + latex-link)))) ;;;; Plain List diff --git a/lisp/ox-html.el b/lisp/ox-html.el index 404b62f..63a8c84 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-html.el +++ b/lisp/ox-html.el @@ -1875,25 +1875,24 @@ INFO is a plist used as a communication channel." (setq template (replace-match val t t template)))))))) (defun org-html-format-spec (info) - "Return format specification for elements that can be -used in the preamble or postamble." - `((?t . ,(org-export-data (plist-get info :title) info)) - (?s . ,(org-export-data (plist-get info :subtitle) info)) - (?d . ,(org-export-data (org-export-get-date info) info)) - (?T . ,(format-time-string - (plist-get info :html-metadata-timestamp-format))) - (?a . ,(org-export-data (plist-get info :author) info)) - (?e . ,(mapconcat - (lambda (e) - (format "<a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a>" e e)) - (split-string (plist-get info :email) ",+ *") - ", ")) - (?c . ,(plist-get info :creator)) - (?C . ,(let ((file (plist-get info :input-file))) - (format-time-string - (plist-get info :html-metadata-timestamp-format) - (when file (nth 5 (file-attributes file)))))) - (?v . ,(or (plist-get info :html-validation-link) "")))) + "Return format specification for preamble and postamble. +INFO is a plist used as a communication channel." + (let ((timestamp-format (plist-get info :html-metadata-timestamp-format))) + `((?t . ,(org-export-data (plist-get info :title) info)) + (?s . ,(org-export-data (plist-get info :subtitle) info)) + (?d . ,(org-export-data (org-export-get-date info timestamp-format) + info)) + (?T . ,(format-time-string timestamp-format)) + (?a . ,(org-export-data (plist-get info :author) info)) + (?e . ,(mapconcat + (lambda (e) (format "<a href=\"mailto:%s\">%s</a>" e e)) + (split-string (plist-get info :email) ",+ *") + ", ")) + (?c . ,(plist-get info :creator)) + (?C . ,(let ((file (plist-get info :input-file))) + (format-time-string timestamp-format + (and file (nth 5 (file-attributes file)))))) + (?v . ,(or (plist-get info :html-validation-link) ""))))) (defun org-html--build-pre/postamble (type info) "Return document preamble or postamble as a string, or nil. diff --git a/lisp/ox-icalendar.el b/lisp/ox-icalendar.el index c22866a..8c9fba6 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-icalendar.el +++ b/lisp/ox-icalendar.el @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ or subject for the event." (mapconcat (lambda (line) ;; Limit each line to a maximum of 75 characters. If it is - ;; longer, fold it by using "\n " as a continuation marker. + ;; longer, fold it by using "\r\n " as a continuation marker. (let ((len (length line))) (if (<= len 75) line (let ((folded-line (substring line 0 75)) @@ -468,11 +468,11 @@ or subject for the event." ;; line, real contents must be split at 74 chars. (while (< (setq chunk-end (+ chunk-start 74)) len) (setq folded-line - (concat folded-line "\n " + (concat folded-line "\r\n " (substring line chunk-start chunk-end)) chunk-start chunk-end)) - (concat folded-line "\n " (substring line chunk-start)))))) - (org-split-string s "\n") "\n"))) + (concat folded-line "\r\n " (substring line chunk-start)))))) + (org-split-string s "\n") "\r\n"))) diff --git a/lisp/ox-latex.el b/lisp/ox-latex.el index 57ec1d2..0b51f15 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-latex.el +++ b/lisp/ox-latex.el @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ be a list containing two strings: the name of the option, and the value. For example, (setq org-latex-minted-options - '((\"bgcolor\" \"bg\") (\"frame\" \"lines\"))) + \\='((\"bgcolor\" \"bg\") (\"frame\" \"lines\"))) will result in src blocks being exported with @@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ exported. This format string may contain these elements: For example, (setq org-latex-custom-lang-environments - '((python \"pythoncode\") + \\='((python \"pythoncode\") (ocaml \"\\\\begin{listing} \\\\begin{minted}[%o]{ocaml} %s\\\\end{minted} @@ -1145,12 +1145,15 @@ A better approach is to use a compiler suit such as `latexmk'." "%latex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f" "%latex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f") "Commands to process a LaTeX file to a PDF file. + This is a list of strings, each of them will be given to the shell as a command. %f in the command will be replaced by the -full file name, %b by the file base name (i.e. without directory -and extension parts), %o by the base directory of the file, -%latex is the LaTeX compiler (see `org-latex-compiler'), and %bib -is the BibTeX-like compiler (see `org-latex-bib-compiler'). +relative file name, %F by the absolute file name, %b by the file +base name (i.e. without directory and extension parts), %o by the +base directory of the file, %O by the absolute file name of the +output file, %latex is the LaTeX compiler (see +`org-latex-compiler'), and %bib is the BibTeX-like compiler (see +`org-latex-bib-compiler'). The reason why this is a list is that it usually takes several runs of `pdflatex', maybe mixed with a call to `bibtex'. Org @@ -1182,9 +1185,9 @@ file name as its single argument." "%latex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f" "%latex -interaction nonstopmode -output-directory %o %f")) (const :tag "texi2dvi" - ("LATEX=\"%latex\" texi2dvi -p -b -V %f")) + ("cd %o; LATEX=\"%latex\" texi2dvi -p -b -V %b.tex")) (const :tag "latexmk" - ("latexmk -g -pdflatex=\"%latex\" %f")) + ("latexmk -g -pdf -pdflatex=\"%latex\" -outdir=%o %f")) (function))) (defcustom org-latex-logfiles-extensions @@ -1483,15 +1486,7 @@ should not be used for floats. See (defun org-latex--protect-text (text) "Protect special characters in string TEXT and return it." - (replace-regexp-in-string - "--\\|[\\{}$%&_#~^]" - (lambda (m) - (cond ((equal m "--") "-{}-") - ((equal m "\\") "\\textbackslash{}") - ((equal m "~") "\\textasciitilde{}") - ((equal m "^") "\\textasciicircum{}") - (t (concat "\\" m)))) - text nil t)) + (replace-regexp-in-string "[\\{}$%&_#~^]" "\\\\\\&" text)) (defun org-latex--text-markup (text markup info) "Format TEXT depending on MARKUP text markup. @@ -1505,13 +1500,23 @@ INFO is a plist used as a communication channel. See ;; and use "\\verb" command. (verb (let ((separator (org-latex--find-verb-separator text))) - (concat "\\verb" separator + (concat "\\verb" + separator (replace-regexp-in-string "\n" " " text) separator))) ;; Handle the `protectedtexttt' special case: Protect some ;; special chars and use "\texttt{%s}" format string. (protectedtexttt - (format "\\texttt{%s}" (org-latex--protect-text text))) + (format "\\texttt{%s}" + (replace-regexp-in-string + "--\\|[\\{}$%&_#~^]" + (lambda (m) + (cond ((equal m "--") "-{}-") + ((equal m "\\") "\\textbackslash{}") + ((equal m "~") "\\textasciitilde{}") + ((equal m "^") "\\textasciicircum{}") + (t (org-latex--protect-text m)))) + text nil t))) ;; Else use format string. (t (format fmt text))))) @@ -2040,7 +2045,7 @@ contextual information." (separator (org-latex--find-verb-separator code))) (cl-case (plist-get info :latex-listings) ;; Do not use a special package: transcode it verbatim. - ((nil) (format "\\texttt{%s}" (org-latex--protect-text code))) + ((nil) (format "\\texttt{%s}" (org-latex--text-markup code 'code info))) ;; Use minted package. (minted (let* ((org-lang (org-element-property :language inline-src-block)) @@ -2416,17 +2421,16 @@ DESC is the description part of the link, or the empty string. INFO is a plist holding contextual information. See `org-export-data'." (let* ((type (org-element-property :type link)) - (raw-path (replace-regexp-in-string - "%" "\\%" (org-element-property :path link) nil t)) + (raw-path (org-element-property :path link)) ;; Ensure DESC really exists, or set it to nil. (desc (and (not (string= desc "")) desc)) (imagep (org-export-inline-image-p link (plist-get info :latex-inline-image-rules))) - (path (cond - ((member type '("http" "https" "ftp" "mailto" "doi")) - (concat type ":" raw-path)) - ((string= type "file") (org-export-file-uri raw-path)) - (t raw-path)))) + (path (org-latex--protect-text + (cond ((member type '("http" "https" "ftp" "mailto" "doi")) + (concat type ":" raw-path)) + ((string= type "file") (org-export-file-uri raw-path)) + (t raw-path))))) (cond ;; Link type is handled by a special function. ((org-export-custom-protocol-maybe link desc 'latex)) @@ -2695,22 +2699,24 @@ channel." DATA is a parse tree or a secondary string. INFO is a plist containing export options. Modify DATA by side-effect and return it." (let ((valid-object-p - ;; Non-nil when OBJ can be added to the latex math block. - (lambda (obj) + ;; Non-nil when OBJ can be added to the latex math block B. + (lambda (obj b) (pcase (org-element-type obj) (`entity (org-element-property :latex-math-p obj)) (`latex-fragment (let ((value (org-element-property :value obj))) (or (string-prefix-p "\\(" value) (string-match-p "\\`\\$[^$]" value)))) - ((or `subscript `superscript) t))))) + ((and type (or `subscript `superscript)) + (not (memq type (mapcar #'org-element-type + (org-element-contents b))))))))) (org-element-map data '(entity latex-fragment subscript superscript) (lambda (object) ;; Skip objects already wrapped. (when (and (not (eq (org-element-type (org-element-property :parent object)) 'latex-math-block)) - (funcall valid-object-p object)) + (funcall valid-object-p object nil)) (let ((math-block (list 'latex-math-block nil)) (next-elements (org-export-get-next-element object info t)) (last object)) @@ -2722,16 +2728,17 @@ containing export options. Modify DATA by side-effect and return it." ;; MATH-BLOCK swallows consecutive math objects. (catch 'exit (dolist (next next-elements) - (if (not (funcall valid-object-p next)) (throw 'exit nil) - (org-element-extract-element next) - (org-element-adopt-elements math-block next) - ;; Eschew the case: \beta$x$ -> \(\betax\). - (unless (memq (org-element-type next) - '(subscript superscript)) - (org-element-put-property last :post-blank 1)) - (setq last next) - (when (> (or (org-element-property :post-blank next) 0) 0) - (throw 'exit nil)))))) + (unless (funcall valid-object-p next math-block) + (throw 'exit nil)) + (org-element-extract-element next) + (org-element-adopt-elements math-block next) + ;; Eschew the case: \beta$x$ -> \(\betax\). + (unless (memq (org-element-type next) + '(subscript superscript)) + (org-element-put-property last :post-blank 1)) + (setq last next) + (when (> (or (org-element-property :post-blank next) 0) 0) + (throw 'exit nil))))) (org-element-put-property math-block :post-blank (org-element-property :post-blank last))))) info nil '(subscript superscript latex-math-block) t) @@ -3287,8 +3294,10 @@ This function assumes TABLE has `org' as its `:type' property and (plist-get attr :math-prefix) ;; Environment. Also treat special cases. (cond ((member env '("array" "tabular")) - (let ((align (make-string - (cdr (org-export-table-dimensions table info)) ?c))) + ;; Make sure cells are always centered while preserving + ;; vertical separators. + (let ((align (replace-regexp-in-string + "[lr]" "c" (org-latex--align-string table info)))) (format "\\begin{%s}{%s}\n%s\\end{%s}" env align contents env))) ((assoc env org-latex-table-matrix-macros) (format "\\%s%s{\n%s}" @@ -3610,10 +3619,12 @@ produced." (when org-latex-remove-logfiles (mapc #'delete-file (directory-files - (file-name-directory texfile) t + (file-name-directory outfile) + t (concat (regexp-quote (file-name-base outfile)) "\\(?:\\.[0-9]+\\)?\\." - (regexp-opt org-latex-logfiles-extensions))))) + (regexp-opt org-latex-logfiles-extensions)) + t))) (let ((warnings (org-latex--collect-warnings log-buf))) (message (concat "PDF file produced" (cond diff --git a/lisp/ox-man.el b/lisp/ox-man.el index 4e2bfc7..324d5a7 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-man.el +++ b/lisp/ox-man.el @@ -208,11 +208,13 @@ in this list - but it does not hurt if it is present." "tbl %f | eqn | groff -man | ps2pdf - > %b.pdf") "Commands to process a Man file to a PDF file. + This is a list of strings, each of them will be given to the shell as a command. %f in the command will be replaced by the -full file name, %b by the file base name (i.e. without directory -and extension parts) and %o by the base directory of the file. - +relative file name, %F by the absolute file name, %b by the file +base name (i.e. without directory and extension parts), %o by the +base directory of the file and %O by the absolute file name of +the output file. By default, Org uses 3 runs of to do the processing. diff --git a/lisp/ox-odt.el b/lisp/ox-odt.el index 05d86bf..2465836 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-odt.el +++ b/lisp/ox-odt.el @@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ ON-OR-OFF := t | nil For example, with the following configuration \(setq org-odt-table-styles - '((\"TableWithHeaderRowsAndColumns\" \"Custom\" + \\='((\"TableWithHeaderRowsAndColumns\" \"Custom\" ((use-first-row-styles . t) (use-first-column-styles . t))) (\"TableWithHeaderColumns\" \"Custom\" @@ -3741,9 +3741,9 @@ contextual information." (org-link (let ((link (with-temp-buffer (insert latex-frag) - (org-format-latex cache-subdir cache-dir - nil display-msg - nil processing-type) + (org-format-latex cache-subdir nil nil cache-dir + nil display-msg nil + processing-type) (buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))))) (if (string-match-p "file:\\([^]]*\\)" link) link diff --git a/lisp/ox-publish.el b/lisp/ox-publish.el index 102f460..e8271f6 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-publish.el +++ b/lisp/ox-publish.el @@ -1199,39 +1199,38 @@ the file including them will be republished as well." (unless org-publish-cache (error "`org-publish-cache-file-needs-publishing' called, but no cache present")) - (let* ((case-fold-search t) - (key (org-publish-timestamp-filename filename pub-dir pub-func)) + (let* ((key (org-publish-timestamp-filename filename pub-dir pub-func)) (pstamp (org-publish-cache-get key)) (org-inhibit-startup t) - (visiting (find-buffer-visiting filename)) - (buf (find-file-noselect (expand-file-name filename))) included-files-ctime) (when (equal (file-name-extension filename) "org") - (unwind-protect - (with-current-buffer buf - (goto-char (point-min)) - (while (re-search-forward "^[ \t]*#\\+INCLUDE:" nil t) - (let* ((element (org-element-at-point)) - (included-file - (and (eq (org-element-type element) 'keyword) - (let ((value (org-element-property :value element))) - (and value - (string-match - "\\`\\(\".+?\"\\|\\S-+\\)\\(?:\\s-+\\|$\\)" - value) - (let ((m (match-string 1 value))) - (org-unbracket-string - "\"" "\"" - ;; Ignore search suffix. - (if (string-match "\\(::\\(.*?\\)\\)\"?\\'" - m) - (substring m 0 (match-beginning 0)) - m)))))))) - (when included-file - (push (org-publish-cache-ctime-of-src - (expand-file-name included-file)) - included-files-ctime))))) - (unless visiting (kill-buffer buf)))) + (let ((visiting (find-buffer-visiting filename)) + (buf (find-file-noselect filename)) + (case-fold-search t)) + (unwind-protect + (with-current-buffer buf + (goto-char (point-min)) + (while (re-search-forward "^[ \t]*#\\+INCLUDE:" nil t) + (let* ((element (org-element-at-point)) + (included-file + (and (eq (org-element-type element) 'keyword) + (let ((value (org-element-property :value element))) + (and value + (string-match + "\\`\\(\".+?\"\\|\\S-+\\)\\(?:\\s-+\\|$\\)" + value) + (let ((m (match-string 1 value))) + (org-unbracket-string + "\"" "\"" + ;; Ignore search suffix. + (if (string-match "::.*?\"?\\'" m) + (substring m 0 (match-beginning 0)) + m)))))))) + (when included-file + (push (org-publish-cache-ctime-of-src + (expand-file-name included-file)) + included-files-ctime))))) + (unless visiting (kill-buffer buf))))) (or (null pstamp) (let ((ctime (org-publish-cache-ctime-of-src filename))) (or (< pstamp ctime) @@ -1252,9 +1251,9 @@ will be created. Return VALUE." (defun org-publish-cache-get-file-property (filename property &optional default no-create project-name) "Return the value for a PROPERTY of file FILENAME in publishing cache. -Use cache file of PROJECT-NAME. Return the value of that -PROPERTY or DEFAULT, if the value does not yet exist. If the -entry will be created, unless NO-CREATE is not nil." +Use cache file of PROJECT-NAME. Return the value of that PROPERTY, +or DEFAULT, if the value does not yet exist. Create the entry, +if necessary, unless NO-CREATE is non-nil." ;; Evtl. load the requested cache file: (if project-name (org-publish-initialize-cache project-name)) (let ((pl (org-publish-cache-get filename)) retval) @@ -1270,15 +1269,16 @@ entry will be created, unless NO-CREATE is not nil." (defun org-publish-cache-get (key) "Return the value stored in `org-publish-cache' for key KEY. -Returns nil, if no value or nil is found, or the cache does not -exist." +Return nil, if no value or nil is found. Raise an error if the +cache does not exist." (unless org-publish-cache (error "`org-publish-cache-get' called, but no cache present")) (gethash key org-publish-cache)) (defun org-publish-cache-set (key value) "Store KEY VALUE pair in `org-publish-cache'. -Returns value on success, else nil." +Returns value on success, else nil. Raise an error if the cache +does not exist." (unless org-publish-cache (error "`org-publish-cache-set' called, but no cache present")) (puthash key value org-publish-cache)) diff --git a/lisp/ox-texinfo.el b/lisp/ox-texinfo.el index cf9cc2f..ab61b6b 100644 --- a/lisp/ox-texinfo.el +++ b/lisp/ox-texinfo.el @@ -346,10 +346,13 @@ The function should return the string to be exported." (defcustom org-texinfo-info-process '("makeinfo %f") "Commands to process a Texinfo file to an INFO file. -This is list of strings, each of them will be given to the shell -as a command. %f in the command will be replaced by the full -file name, %b by the file base name (i.e without extension) and -%o by the base directory of the file." + +This is a list of strings, each of them will be given to the +shell as a command. %f in the command will be replaced by the +relative file name, %F by the absolute file name, %b by the file +base name (i.e. without directory and extension parts), %o by the +base directory of the file and %O by the absolute file name of +the output file." :group 'org-export-texinfo :type '(repeat :tag "Shell command sequence" (string :tag "Shell command"))) @@ -2007,18 +2007,24 @@ channel. Unlike to `org-export-with-backend', this function will recursively convert DATA using BACKEND translation table." (when (symbolp backend) (setq backend (org-export-get-backend backend))) - (org-export-data - data - ;; Set-up a new communication channel with translations defined in - ;; BACKEND as the translate table and a new hash table for - ;; memoization. - (org-combine-plists - info - (list :back-end backend - :translate-alist (org-export-get-all-transcoders backend) - ;; Size of the hash table is reduced since this function - ;; will probably be used on small trees. - :exported-data (make-hash-table :test 'eq :size 401))))) + ;; Set-up a new communication channel with translations defined in + ;; BACKEND as the translate table and a new hash table for + ;; memoization. + (let ((new-info + (org-combine-plists + info + (list :back-end backend + :translate-alist (org-export-get-all-transcoders backend) + ;; Size of the hash table is reduced since this + ;; function will probably be used on small trees. + :exported-data (make-hash-table :test 'eq :size 401))))) + (prog1 (org-export-data data new-info) + ;; Preserve `:internal-references', as those do not depend on + ;; the back-end used; we need to make sure that any new + ;; reference when the temporary back-end was active gets through + ;; the default one. + (plist-put info :internal-references + (plist-get new-info :internal-references))))) (defun org-export-expand (blob contents &optional with-affiliated) "Expand a parsed element or object to its original state. @@ -2472,20 +2478,24 @@ channel, as a plist. It must return a string or nil.") (defun org-export-filter-apply-functions (filters value info) "Call every function in FILTERS. -Functions are called with arguments VALUE, current export -back-end's name and INFO. A function returning a nil value will -be skipped. If it returns the empty string, the process ends and -VALUE is ignored. +Functions are called with three arguments: a value, the export +back-end name and the communication channel. First function in +FILTERS is called with VALUE as its first argument. Second +function in FILTERS is called with the previous result as its +value, etc. + +Functions returning nil are skipped. Any function returning the +empty string ends the process, which returns the empty string. Call is done in a LIFO fashion, to be sure that developer specified filters, if any, are called first." - (catch 'exit + (catch :exit (let* ((backend (plist-get info :back-end)) (backend-name (and backend (org-export-backend-name backend)))) (dolist (filter filters value) (let ((result (funcall filter value backend-name info))) - (cond ((not result) value) - ((equal value "") (throw 'exit nil)) + (cond ((not result)) + ((equal result "") (throw :exit "")) (t (setq value result)))))))) (defun org-export-install-filters (info) @@ -3003,14 +3013,14 @@ Return code as a string." (save-excursion (save-restriction ;; Narrow buffer to an appropriate region or subtree for - ;; parsing. If parsing subtree, be sure to remove main headline - ;; too. + ;; parsing. If parsing subtree, be sure to remove main + ;; headline, planning data and property drawer. (cond ((org-region-active-p) (narrow-to-region (region-beginning) (region-end))) (subtreep (org-narrow-to-subtree) (goto-char (point-min)) - (forward-line) + (org-end-of-meta-data) (narrow-to-region (point) (point-max)))) ;; Initialize communication channel with original buffer ;; attributes, unavailable in its copy. @@ -3672,18 +3682,20 @@ the communication channel used for export, as a plist." (when (symbolp backend) (setq backend (org-export-get-backend backend))) (org-export-barf-if-invalid-backend backend) (let ((type (org-element-type data))) - (if (memq type '(nil org-data)) (error "No foreign transcoder available") - (let* ((all-transcoders (org-export-get-all-transcoders backend)) - (transcoder (cdr (assq type all-transcoders)))) - (if (not (functionp transcoder)) - (error "No foreign transcoder available") - (funcall - transcoder data contents - (org-combine-plists - info (list - :back-end backend - :translate-alist all-transcoders - :exported-data (make-hash-table :test #'eq :size 401))))))))) + (when (memq type '(nil org-data)) (error "No foreign transcoder available")) + (let* ((all-transcoders (org-export-get-all-transcoders backend)) + (transcoder (cdr (assq type all-transcoders)))) + (unless (functionp transcoder) (error "No foreign transcoder available")) + (let ((new-info + (org-combine-plists + info (list + :back-end backend + :translate-alist all-transcoders + :exported-data (make-hash-table :test #'eq :size 401))))) + ;; `:internal-references' are shared across back-ends. + (prog1 (funcall transcoder data contents new-info) + (plist-put info :internal-references + (plist-get new-info :internal-references))))))) ;;;; For Export Snippets @@ -4167,18 +4179,15 @@ error if no block contains REF." (lambda (el) (with-temp-buffer (insert (org-trim (org-element-property :value el))) - (let* ((label-fmt (regexp-quote - (or (org-element-property :label-fmt el) - org-coderef-label-format))) - (ref-re - (format "^.*?\\S-.*?\\([ \t]*\\(%s\\)\\)[ \t]*$" - (format label-fmt ref)))) + (let* ((label-fmt (or (org-element-property :label-fmt el) + org-coderef-label-format)) + (ref-re (org-src-coderef-regexp label-fmt ref))) ;; Element containing REF is found. Resolve it to ;; either a label or a line number, as needed. (when (re-search-backward ref-re nil t) - (cond - ((org-element-property :use-labels el) ref) - (t (+ (or (org-export-get-loc el info) 0) (line-number-at-pos)))))))) + (if (org-element-property :use-labels el) ref + (+ (or (org-export-get-loc el info) 0) + (line-number-at-pos))))))) info 'first-match) (signal 'org-link-broken (list ref)))) @@ -4385,19 +4394,35 @@ reference consists of alphanumeric characters only." (or (car (rassq datum cache)) (let* ((crossrefs (plist-get info :crossrefs)) (cells (org-export-search-cells datum)) - ;; If any other published document relies on an - ;; association between a search cell and a reference, - ;; make sure to preserve it. See - ;; `org-publish-resolve-external-link' for details. - (new (or (cdr (cl-some (lambda (c) (assoc c crossrefs)) cells)) + ;; Preserve any pre-existing association between + ;; a search cell and a reference, i.e., when some + ;; previously published document referenced a location + ;; within current file (see + ;; `org-publish-resolve-external-link'). + ;; + ;; However, there is no guarantee that search cells are + ;; unique, e.g., there might be duplicate custom ID or + ;; two headings with the same title in the file. + ;; + ;; As a consequence, before re-using any reference to + ;; an element or object, we check that it doesn't refer + ;; to a previous element or object. + (new (or (cl-some + (lambda (cell) + (let ((stored (cdr (assoc cell crossrefs)))) + (when stored + (let ((old (org-export-format-reference stored))) + (and (not (assoc old cache)) stored))))) + cells) (org-export-new-reference cache))) (reference-string (org-export-format-reference new))) ;; Cache contains both data already associated to ;; a reference and in-use internal references, so as to make ;; unique references. (dolist (cell cells) (push (cons cell new) cache)) - ;; Keep an associated related to DATUM as not every object - ;; and element can be associated to a search cell. + ;; Retain a direct association between reference string and + ;; DATUM since (1) not every object or element can be given + ;; a search cell (2) it permits quick lookup. (push (cons reference-string datum) cache) (plist-put info :internal-references cache) reference-string)))) diff --git a/mk/version.mk b/mk/version.mk index 63d9cef..f55807b 100644 --- a/mk/version.mk +++ b/mk/version.mk @@ -1,2 +1,2 @@ -ORGVERSION ?= 9.0 -GITVERSION ?= 9.0-dist +ORGVERSION ?= 9.0.2 +GITVERSION ?= 9.0.2-dist |