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diff --git a/doc/html/pcretest.html b/doc/html/pcretest.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..839fabf --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/html/pcretest.html @@ -0,0 +1,1158 @@ +<html> +<head> +<title>pcretest specification</title> +</head> +<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#00005A" link="#0066FF" alink="#3399FF" vlink="#2222BB"> +<h1>pcretest man page</h1> +<p> +Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>. +</p> +<p> +This page is part of the PCRE HTML documentation. It was generated automatically +from the original man page. If there is any nonsense in it, please consult the +man page, in case the conversion went wrong. +<br> +<ul> +<li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">SYNOPSIS</a> +<li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">INPUT DATA FORMAT</a> +<li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">PCRE's 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES</a> +<li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">COMMAND LINE OPTIONS</a> +<li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">DESCRIPTION</a> +<li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC6">PATTERN MODIFIERS</a> +<li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC7">DATA LINES</a> +<li><a name="TOC8" href="#SEC8">THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION</a> +<li><a name="TOC9" href="#SEC9">DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST</a> +<li><a name="TOC10" href="#SEC10">OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION</a> +<li><a name="TOC11" href="#SEC11">RESTARTING AFTER A PARTIAL MATCH</a> +<li><a name="TOC12" href="#SEC12">CALLOUTS</a> +<li><a name="TOC13" href="#SEC13">NON-PRINTING CHARACTERS</a> +<li><a name="TOC14" href="#SEC14">SAVING AND RELOADING COMPILED PATTERNS</a> +<li><a name="TOC15" href="#SEC15">SEE ALSO</a> +<li><a name="TOC16" href="#SEC16">AUTHOR</a> +<li><a name="TOC17" href="#SEC17">REVISION</a> +</ul> +<br><a name="SEC1" href="#TOC1">SYNOPSIS</a><br> +<P> +<b>pcretest [options] [input file [output file]]</b> +<br> +<br> +<b>pcretest</b> was written as a test program for the PCRE regular expression +library itself, but it can also be used for experimenting with regular +expressions. This document describes the features of the test program; for +details of the regular expressions themselves, see the +<a href="pcrepattern.html"><b>pcrepattern</b></a> +documentation. For details of the PCRE library function calls and their +options, see the +<a href="pcreapi.html"><b>pcreapi</b></a> +, +<a href="pcre16.html"><b>pcre16</b></a> +and +<a href="pcre32.html"><b>pcre32</b></a> +documentation. +</P> +<P> +The input for <b>pcretest</b> is a sequence of regular expression patterns and +strings to be matched, as described below. The output shows the result of each +match. Options on the command line and the patterns control PCRE options and +exactly what is output. +</P> +<P> +As PCRE has evolved, it has acquired many different features, and as a result, +<b>pcretest</b> now has rather a lot of obscure options for testing every +possible feature. Some of these options are specifically designed for use in +conjunction with the test script and data files that are distributed as part of +PCRE, and are unlikely to be of use otherwise. They are all documented here, +but without much justification. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC2" href="#TOC1">INPUT DATA FORMAT</a><br> +<P> +Input to <b>pcretest</b> is processed line by line, either by calling the C +library's <b>fgets()</b> function, or via the <b>libreadline</b> library (see +below). In Unix-like environments, <b>fgets()</b> treats any bytes other than +newline as data characters. However, in some Windows environments character 26 +(hex 1A) causes an immediate end of file, and no further data is read. For +maximum portability, therefore, it is safest to use only ASCII characters in +<b>pcretest</b> input files. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC3" href="#TOC1">PCRE's 8-BIT, 16-BIT AND 32-BIT LIBRARIES</a><br> +<P> +From release 8.30, two separate PCRE libraries can be built. The original one +supports 8-bit character strings, whereas the newer 16-bit library supports +character strings encoded in 16-bit units. From release 8.32, a third library +can be built, supporting character strings encoded in 32-bit units. The +<b>pcretest</b> program can be used to test all three libraries. However, it is +itself still an 8-bit program, reading 8-bit input and writing 8-bit output. +When testing the 16-bit or 32-bit library, the patterns and data strings are +converted to 16- or 32-bit format before being passed to the PCRE library +functions. Results are converted to 8-bit for output. +</P> +<P> +References to functions and structures of the form <b>pcre[16|32]_xx</b> below +mean "<b>pcre_xx</b> when using the 8-bit library, <b>pcre16_xx</b> when using +the 16-bit library, or <b>pcre32_xx</b> when using the 32-bit library". +</P> +<br><a name="SEC4" href="#TOC1">COMMAND LINE OPTIONS</a><br> +<P> +<b>-8</b> +If both the 8-bit library has been built, this option causes the 8-bit library +to be used (which is the default); if the 8-bit library has not been built, +this option causes an error. +</P> +<P> +<b>-16</b> +If both the 8-bit or the 32-bit, and the 16-bit libraries have been built, this +option causes the 16-bit library to be used. If only the 16-bit library has been +built, this is the default (so has no effect). If only the 8-bit or the 32-bit +library has been built, this option causes an error. +</P> +<P> +<b>-32</b> +If both the 8-bit or the 16-bit, and the 32-bit libraries have been built, this +option causes the 32-bit library to be used. If only the 32-bit library has been +built, this is the default (so has no effect). If only the 8-bit or the 16-bit +library has been built, this option causes an error. +</P> +<P> +<b>-b</b> +Behave as if each pattern has the <b>/B</b> (show byte code) modifier; the +internal form is output after compilation. +</P> +<P> +<b>-C</b> +Output the version number of the PCRE library, and all available information +about the optional features that are included, and then exit with zero exit +code. All other options are ignored. +</P> +<P> +<b>-C</b> <i>option</i> +Output information about a specific build-time option, then exit. This +functionality is intended for use in scripts such as <b>RunTest</b>. The +following options output the value and set the exit code as indicated: +<pre> + ebcdic-nl the code for LF (= NL) in an EBCDIC environment: + 0x15 or 0x25 + 0 if used in an ASCII environment + exit code is always 0 + linksize the configured internal link size (2, 3, or 4) + exit code is set to the link size + newline the default newline setting: + CR, LF, CRLF, ANYCRLF, or ANY + exit code is always 0 + bsr the default setting for what \R matches: + ANYCRLF or ANY + exit code is always 0 +</pre> +The following options output 1 for true or 0 for false, and set the exit code +to the same value: +<pre> + ebcdic compiled for an EBCDIC environment + jit just-in-time support is available + pcre16 the 16-bit library was built + pcre32 the 32-bit library was built + pcre8 the 8-bit library was built + ucp Unicode property support is available + utf UTF-8 and/or UTF-16 and/or UTF-32 support + is available +</pre> +If an unknown option is given, an error message is output; the exit code is 0. +</P> +<P> +<b>-d</b> +Behave as if each pattern has the <b>/D</b> (debug) modifier; the internal +form and information about the compiled pattern is output after compilation; +<b>-d</b> is equivalent to <b>-b -i</b>. +</P> +<P> +<b>-dfa</b> +Behave as if each data line contains the \D escape sequence; this causes the +alternative matching function, <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b>, to be used instead +of the standard <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> function (more detail is given below). +</P> +<P> +<b>-help</b> +Output a brief summary these options and then exit. +</P> +<P> +<b>-i</b> +Behave as if each pattern has the <b>/I</b> modifier; information about the +compiled pattern is given after compilation. +</P> +<P> +<b>-M</b> +Behave as if each data line contains the \M escape sequence; this causes +PCRE to discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings by +calling <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> repeatedly with different limits. +</P> +<P> +<b>-m</b> +Output the size of each compiled pattern after it has been compiled. This is +equivalent to adding <b>/M</b> to each regular expression. The size is given in +bytes for both libraries. +</P> +<P> +<b>-O</b> +Behave as if each pattern has the <b>/O</b> modifier, that is disable +auto-possessification for all patterns. +</P> +<P> +<b>-o</b> <i>osize</i> +Set the number of elements in the output vector that is used when calling +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> to be <i>osize</i>. The +default value is 45, which is enough for 14 capturing subexpressions for +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or 22 different matches for +<b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b>. +The vector size can be changed for individual matching calls by including \O +in the data line (see below). +</P> +<P> +<b>-p</b> +Behave as if each pattern has the <b>/P</b> modifier; the POSIX wrapper API is +used to call PCRE. None of the other options has any effect when <b>-p</b> is +set. This option can be used only with the 8-bit library. +</P> +<P> +<b>-q</b> +Do not output the version number of <b>pcretest</b> at the start of execution. +</P> +<P> +<b>-S</b> <i>size</i> +On Unix-like systems, set the size of the run-time stack to <i>size</i> +megabytes. +</P> +<P> +<b>-s</b> or <b>-s+</b> +Behave as if each pattern has the <b>/S</b> modifier; in other words, force each +pattern to be studied. If <b>-s+</b> is used, all the JIT compile options are +passed to <b>pcre[16|32]_study()</b>, causing just-in-time optimization to be set +up if it is available, for both full and partial matching. Specific JIT compile +options can be selected by following <b>-s+</b> with a digit in the range 1 to +7, which selects the JIT compile modes as follows: +<pre> + 1 normal match only + 2 soft partial match only + 3 normal match and soft partial match + 4 hard partial match only + 6 soft and hard partial match + 7 all three modes (default) +</pre> +If <b>-s++</b> is used instead of <b>-s+</b> (with or without a following digit), +the text "(JIT)" is added to the first output line after a match or no match +when JIT-compiled code was actually used. +<br> +<br> +Note that there are pattern options that can override <b>-s</b>, either +specifying no studying at all, or suppressing JIT compilation. +<br> +<br> +If the <b>/I</b> or <b>/D</b> option is present on a pattern (requesting output +about the compiled pattern), information about the result of studying is not +included when studying is caused only by <b>-s</b> and neither <b>-i</b> nor +<b>-d</b> is present on the command line. This behaviour means that the output +from tests that are run with and without <b>-s</b> should be identical, except +when options that output information about the actual running of a match are +set. +<br> +<br> +The <b>-M</b>, <b>-t</b>, and <b>-tm</b> options, which give information about +resources used, are likely to produce different output with and without +<b>-s</b>. Output may also differ if the <b>/C</b> option is present on an +individual pattern. This uses callouts to trace the the matching process, and +this may be different between studied and non-studied patterns. If the pattern +contains (*MARK) items there may also be differences, for the same reason. The +<b>-s</b> command line option can be overridden for specific patterns that +should never be studied (see the <b>/S</b> pattern modifier below). +</P> +<P> +<b>-t</b> +Run each compile, study, and match many times with a timer, and output the +resulting times per compile, study, or match (in milliseconds). Do not set +<b>-m</b> with <b>-t</b>, because you will then get the size output a zillion +times, and the timing will be distorted. You can control the number of +iterations that are used for timing by following <b>-t</b> with a number (as a +separate item on the command line). For example, "-t 1000" iterates 1000 times. +The default is to iterate 500000 times. +</P> +<P> +<b>-tm</b> +This is like <b>-t</b> except that it times only the matching phase, not the +compile or study phases. +</P> +<P> +<b>-T</b> <b>-TM</b> +These behave like <b>-t</b> and <b>-tm</b>, but in addition, at the end of a run, +the total times for all compiles, studies, and matches are output. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC5" href="#TOC1">DESCRIPTION</a><br> +<P> +If <b>pcretest</b> is given two filename arguments, it reads from the first and +writes to the second. If it is given only one filename argument, it reads from +that file and writes to stdout. Otherwise, it reads from stdin and writes to +stdout, and prompts for each line of input, using "re>" to prompt for regular +expressions, and "data>" to prompt for data lines. +</P> +<P> +When <b>pcretest</b> is built, a configuration option can specify that it should +be linked with the <b>libreadline</b> library. When this is done, if the input +is from a terminal, it is read using the <b>readline()</b> function. This +provides line-editing and history facilities. The output from the <b>-help</b> +option states whether or not <b>readline()</b> will be used. +</P> +<P> +The program handles any number of sets of input on a single input file. Each +set starts with a regular expression, and continues with any number of data +lines to be matched against that pattern. +</P> +<P> +Each data line is matched separately and independently. If you want to do +multi-line matches, you have to use the \n escape sequence (or \r or \r\n, +etc., depending on the newline setting) in a single line of input to encode the +newline sequences. There is no limit on the length of data lines; the input +buffer is automatically extended if it is too small. +</P> +<P> +An empty line signals the end of the data lines, at which point a new regular +expression is read. The regular expressions are given enclosed in any +non-alphanumeric delimiters other than backslash, for example: +<pre> + /(a|bc)x+yz/ +</pre> +White space before the initial delimiter is ignored. A regular expression may +be continued over several input lines, in which case the newline characters are +included within it. It is possible to include the delimiter within the pattern +by escaping it, for example +<pre> + /abc\/def/ +</pre> +If you do so, the escape and the delimiter form part of the pattern, but since +delimiters are always non-alphanumeric, this does not affect its interpretation. +If the terminating delimiter is immediately followed by a backslash, for +example, +<pre> + /abc/\ +</pre> +then a backslash is added to the end of the pattern. This is done to provide a +way of testing the error condition that arises if a pattern finishes with a +backslash, because +<pre> + /abc\/ +</pre> +is interpreted as the first line of a pattern that starts with "abc/", causing +pcretest to read the next line as a continuation of the regular expression. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC6" href="#TOC1">PATTERN MODIFIERS</a><br> +<P> +A pattern may be followed by any number of modifiers, which are mostly single +characters, though some of these can be qualified by further characters. +Following Perl usage, these are referred to below as, for example, "the +<b>/i</b> modifier", even though the delimiter of the pattern need not always be +a slash, and no slash is used when writing modifiers. White space may appear +between the final pattern delimiter and the first modifier, and between the +modifiers themselves. For reference, here is a complete list of modifiers. They +fall into several groups that are described in detail in the following +sections. +<pre> + <b>/8</b> set UTF mode + <b>/9</b> set PCRE_NEVER_UTF (locks out UTF mode) + <b>/?</b> disable UTF validity check + <b>/+</b> show remainder of subject after match + <b>/=</b> show all captures (not just those that are set) + + <b>/A</b> set PCRE_ANCHORED + <b>/B</b> show compiled code + <b>/C</b> set PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT + <b>/D</b> same as <b>/B</b> plus <b>/I</b> + <b>/E</b> set PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY + <b>/F</b> flip byte order in compiled pattern + <b>/f</b> set PCRE_FIRSTLINE + <b>/G</b> find all matches (shorten string) + <b>/g</b> find all matches (use startoffset) + <b>/I</b> show information about pattern + <b>/i</b> set PCRE_CASELESS + <b>/J</b> set PCRE_DUPNAMES + <b>/K</b> show backtracking control names + <b>/L</b> set locale + <b>/M</b> show compiled memory size + <b>/m</b> set PCRE_MULTILINE + <b>/N</b> set PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE + <b>/O</b> set PCRE_NO_AUTO_POSSESS + <b>/P</b> use the POSIX wrapper + <b>/Q</b> test external stack check function + <b>/S</b> study the pattern after compilation + <b>/s</b> set PCRE_DOTALL + <b>/T</b> select character tables + <b>/U</b> set PCRE_UNGREEDY + <b>/W</b> set PCRE_UCP + <b>/X</b> set PCRE_EXTRA + <b>/x</b> set PCRE_EXTENDED + <b>/Y</b> set PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE + <b>/Z</b> don't show lengths in <b>/B</b> output + + <b>/<any></b> set PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY + <b>/<anycrlf></b> set PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF + <b>/<cr></b> set PCRE_NEWLINE_CR + <b>/<crlf></b> set PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF + <b>/<lf></b> set PCRE_NEWLINE_LF + <b>/<bsr_anycrlf></b> set PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF + <b>/<bsr_unicode></b> set PCRE_BSR_UNICODE + <b>/<JS></b> set PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT + +</PRE> +</P> +<br><b> +Perl-compatible modifiers +</b><br> +<P> +The <b>/i</b>, <b>/m</b>, <b>/s</b>, and <b>/x</b> modifiers set the PCRE_CASELESS, +PCRE_MULTILINE, PCRE_DOTALL, or PCRE_EXTENDED options, respectively, when +<b>pcre[16|32]_compile()</b> is called. These four modifier letters have the same +effect as they do in Perl. For example: +<pre> + /caseless/i + +</PRE> +</P> +<br><b> +Modifiers for other PCRE options +</b><br> +<P> +The following table shows additional modifiers for setting PCRE compile-time +options that do not correspond to anything in Perl: +<pre> + <b>/8</b> PCRE_UTF8 ) when using the 8-bit + <b>/?</b> PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK ) library + + <b>/8</b> PCRE_UTF16 ) when using the 16-bit + <b>/?</b> PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK ) library + + <b>/8</b> PCRE_UTF32 ) when using the 32-bit + <b>/?</b> PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK ) library + + <b>/9</b> PCRE_NEVER_UTF + <b>/A</b> PCRE_ANCHORED + <b>/C</b> PCRE_AUTO_CALLOUT + <b>/E</b> PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY + <b>/f</b> PCRE_FIRSTLINE + <b>/J</b> PCRE_DUPNAMES + <b>/N</b> PCRE_NO_AUTO_CAPTURE + <b>/O</b> PCRE_NO_AUTO_POSSESS + <b>/U</b> PCRE_UNGREEDY + <b>/W</b> PCRE_UCP + <b>/X</b> PCRE_EXTRA + <b>/Y</b> PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE + <b>/<any></b> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY + <b>/<anycrlf></b> PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF + <b>/<cr></b> PCRE_NEWLINE_CR + <b>/<crlf></b> PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF + <b>/<lf></b> PCRE_NEWLINE_LF + <b>/<bsr_anycrlf></b> PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF + <b>/<bsr_unicode></b> PCRE_BSR_UNICODE + <b>/<JS></b> PCRE_JAVASCRIPT_COMPAT +</pre> +The modifiers that are enclosed in angle brackets are literal strings as shown, +including the angle brackets, but the letters within can be in either case. +This example sets multiline matching with CRLF as the line ending sequence: +<pre> + /^abc/m<CRLF> +</pre> +As well as turning on the PCRE_UTF8/16/32 option, the <b>/8</b> modifier causes +all non-printing characters in output strings to be printed using the +\x{hh...} notation. Otherwise, those less than 0x100 are output in hex without +the curly brackets. +</P> +<P> +Full details of the PCRE options are given in the +<a href="pcreapi.html"><b>pcreapi</b></a> +documentation. +</P> +<br><b> +Finding all matches in a string +</b><br> +<P> +Searching for all possible matches within each subject string can be requested +by the <b>/g</b> or <b>/G</b> modifier. After finding a match, PCRE is called +again to search the remainder of the subject string. The difference between +<b>/g</b> and <b>/G</b> is that the former uses the <i>startoffset</i> argument to +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> to start searching at a new point within the entire +string (which is in effect what Perl does), whereas the latter passes over a +shortened substring. This makes a difference to the matching process if the +pattern begins with a lookbehind assertion (including \b or \B). +</P> +<P> +If any call to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> in a <b>/g</b> or <b>/G</b> sequence matches +an empty string, the next call is done with the PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART and +PCRE_ANCHORED flags set in order to search for another, non-empty, match at the +same point. If this second match fails, the start offset is advanced, and the +normal match is retried. This imitates the way Perl handles such cases when +using the <b>/g</b> modifier or the <b>split()</b> function. Normally, the start +offset is advanced by one character, but if the newline convention recognizes +CRLF as a newline, and the current character is CR followed by LF, an advance +of two is used. +</P> +<br><b> +Other modifiers +</b><br> +<P> +There are yet more modifiers for controlling the way <b>pcretest</b> +operates. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/+</b> modifier requests that as well as outputting the substring that +matched the entire pattern, <b>pcretest</b> should in addition output the +remainder of the subject string. This is useful for tests where the subject +contains multiple copies of the same substring. If the <b>+</b> modifier appears +twice, the same action is taken for captured substrings. In each case the +remainder is output on the following line with a plus character following the +capture number. Note that this modifier must not immediately follow the /S +modifier because /S+ and /S++ have other meanings. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/=</b> modifier requests that the values of all potential captured +parentheses be output after a match. By default, only those up to the highest +one actually used in the match are output (corresponding to the return code +from <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b>). Values in the offsets vector corresponding to +higher numbers should be set to -1, and these are output as "<unset>". This +modifier gives a way of checking that this is happening. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/B</b> modifier is a debugging feature. It requests that <b>pcretest</b> +output a representation of the compiled code after compilation. Normally this +information contains length and offset values; however, if <b>/Z</b> is also +present, this data is replaced by spaces. This is a special feature for use in +the automatic test scripts; it ensures that the same output is generated for +different internal link sizes. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/D</b> modifier is a PCRE debugging feature, and is equivalent to +<b>/BI</b>, that is, both the <b>/B</b> and the <b>/I</b> modifiers. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/F</b> modifier causes <b>pcretest</b> to flip the byte order of the +2-byte and 4-byte fields in the compiled pattern. This facility is for testing +the feature in PCRE that allows it to execute patterns that were compiled on a +host with a different endianness. This feature is not available when the POSIX +interface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the <b>/P</b> pattern modifier is +specified. See also the section about saving and reloading compiled patterns +below. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/I</b> modifier requests that <b>pcretest</b> output information about the +compiled pattern (whether it is anchored, has a fixed first character, and +so on). It does this by calling <b>pcre[16|32]_fullinfo()</b> after compiling a +pattern. If the pattern is studied, the results of that are also output. In +this output, the word "char" means a non-UTF character, that is, the value of a +single data item (8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit, depending on the library that is +being tested). +</P> +<P> +The <b>/K</b> modifier requests <b>pcretest</b> to show names from backtracking +control verbs that are returned from calls to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b>. It causes +<b>pcretest</b> to create a <b>pcre[16|32]_extra</b> block if one has not already +been created by a call to <b>pcre[16|32]_study()</b>, and to set the +PCRE_EXTRA_MARK flag and the <b>mark</b> field within it, every time that +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> is called. If the variable that the <b>mark</b> field +points to is non-NULL for a match, non-match, or partial match, <b>pcretest</b> +prints the string to which it points. For a match, this is shown on a line by +itself, tagged with "MK:". For a non-match it is added to the message. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/L</b> modifier must be followed directly by the name of a locale, for +example, +<pre> + /pattern/Lfr_FR +</pre> +For this reason, it must be the last modifier. The given locale is set, +<b>pcre[16|32]_maketables()</b> is called to build a set of character tables for +the locale, and this is then passed to <b>pcre[16|32]_compile()</b> when compiling +the regular expression. Without an <b>/L</b> (or <b>/T</b>) modifier, NULL is +passed as the tables pointer; that is, <b>/L</b> applies only to the expression +on which it appears. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/M</b> modifier causes the size in bytes of the memory block used to hold +the compiled pattern to be output. This does not include the size of the +<b>pcre[16|32]</b> block; it is just the actual compiled data. If the pattern is +successfully studied with the PCRE_STUDY_JIT_COMPILE option, the size of the +JIT compiled code is also output. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/Q</b> modifier is used to test the use of <b>pcre_stack_guard</b>. It +must be followed by '0' or '1', specifying the return code to be given from an +external function that is passed to PCRE and used for stack checking during +compilation (see the +<a href="pcreapi.html"><b>pcreapi</b></a> +documentation for details). +</P> +<P> +The <b>/S</b> modifier causes <b>pcre[16|32]_study()</b> to be called after the +expression has been compiled, and the results used when the expression is +matched. There are a number of qualifying characters that may follow <b>/S</b>. +They may appear in any order. +</P> +<P> +If <b>/S</b> is followed by an exclamation mark, <b>pcre[16|32]_study()</b> is +called with the PCRE_STUDY_EXTRA_NEEDED option, causing it always to return a +<b>pcre_extra</b> block, even when studying discovers no useful information. +</P> +<P> +If <b>/S</b> is followed by a second S character, it suppresses studying, even +if it was requested externally by the <b>-s</b> command line option. This makes +it possible to specify that certain patterns are always studied, and others are +never studied, independently of <b>-s</b>. This feature is used in the test +files in a few cases where the output is different when the pattern is studied. +</P> +<P> +If the <b>/S</b> modifier is followed by a + character, the call to +<b>pcre[16|32]_study()</b> is made with all the JIT study options, requesting +just-in-time optimization support if it is available, for both normal and +partial matching. If you want to restrict the JIT compiling modes, you can +follow <b>/S+</b> with a digit in the range 1 to 7: +<pre> + 1 normal match only + 2 soft partial match only + 3 normal match and soft partial match + 4 hard partial match only + 6 soft and hard partial match + 7 all three modes (default) +</pre> +If <b>/S++</b> is used instead of <b>/S+</b> (with or without a following digit), +the text "(JIT)" is added to the first output line after a match or no match +when JIT-compiled code was actually used. +</P> +<P> +Note that there is also an independent <b>/+</b> modifier; it must not be given +immediately after <b>/S</b> or <b>/S+</b> because this will be misinterpreted. +</P> +<P> +If JIT studying is successful, the compiled JIT code will automatically be used +when <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> is run, except when incompatible run-time options +are specified. For more details, see the +<a href="pcrejit.html"><b>pcrejit</b></a> +documentation. See also the <b>\J</b> escape sequence below for a way of +setting the size of the JIT stack. +</P> +<P> +Finally, if <b>/S</b> is followed by a minus character, JIT compilation is +suppressed, even if it was requested externally by the <b>-s</b> command line +option. This makes it possible to specify that JIT is never to be used for +certain patterns. +</P> +<P> +The <b>/T</b> modifier must be followed by a single digit. It causes a specific +set of built-in character tables to be passed to <b>pcre[16|32]_compile()</b>. It +is used in the standard PCRE tests to check behaviour with different character +tables. The digit specifies the tables as follows: +<pre> + 0 the default ASCII tables, as distributed in + pcre_chartables.c.dist + 1 a set of tables defining ISO 8859 characters +</pre> +In table 1, some characters whose codes are greater than 128 are identified as +letters, digits, spaces, etc. +</P> +<br><b> +Using the POSIX wrapper API +</b><br> +<P> +The <b>/P</b> modifier causes <b>pcretest</b> to call PCRE via the POSIX wrapper +API rather than its native API. This supports only the 8-bit library. When +<b>/P</b> is set, the following modifiers set options for the <b>regcomp()</b> +function: +<pre> + /i REG_ICASE + /m REG_NEWLINE + /N REG_NOSUB + /s REG_DOTALL ) + /U REG_UNGREEDY ) These options are not part of + /W REG_UCP ) the POSIX standard + /8 REG_UTF8 ) +</pre> +The <b>/+</b> modifier works as described above. All other modifiers are +ignored. +</P> +<br><b> +Locking out certain modifiers +</b><br> +<P> +PCRE can be compiled with or without support for certain features such as +UTF-8/16/32 or Unicode properties. Accordingly, the standard tests are split up +into a number of different files that are selected for running depending on +which features are available. When updating the tests, it is all too easy to +put a new test into the wrong file by mistake; for example, to put a test that +requires UTF support into a file that is used when it is not available. To help +detect such mistakes as early as possible, there is a facility for locking out +specific modifiers. If an input line for <b>pcretest</b> starts with the string +"< forbid " the following sequence of characters is taken as a list of +forbidden modifiers. For example, in the test files that must not use UTF or +Unicode property support, this line appears: +<pre> + < forbid 8W +</pre> +This locks out the /8 and /W modifiers. An immediate error is given if they are +subsequently encountered. If the character string contains < but not >, all the +multi-character modifiers that begin with < are locked out. Otherwise, such +modifiers must be explicitly listed, for example: +<pre> + < forbid <JS><cr> +</pre> +There must be a single space between < and "forbid" for this feature to be +recognised. If there is not, the line is interpreted either as a request to +re-load a pre-compiled pattern (see "SAVING AND RELOADING COMPILED PATTERNS" +below) or, if there is a another < character, as a pattern that uses < as its +delimiter. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC7" href="#TOC1">DATA LINES</a><br> +<P> +Before each data line is passed to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b>, leading and trailing +white space is removed, and it is then scanned for \ escapes. Some of these +are pretty esoteric features, intended for checking out some of the more +complicated features of PCRE. If you are just testing "ordinary" regular +expressions, you probably don't need any of these. The following escapes are +recognized: +<pre> + \a alarm (BEL, \x07) + \b backspace (\x08) + \e escape (\x27) + \f form feed (\x0c) + \n newline (\x0a) + \qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT limit to dd (any number of digits) + \r carriage return (\x0d) + \t tab (\x09) + \v vertical tab (\x0b) + \nnn octal character (up to 3 octal digits); always + a byte unless > 255 in UTF-8 or 16-bit or 32-bit mode + \o{dd...} octal character (any number of octal digits} + \xhh hexadecimal byte (up to 2 hex digits) + \x{hh...} hexadecimal character (any number of hex digits) + \A pass the PCRE_ANCHORED option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \B pass the PCRE_NOTBOL option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \Cdd call pcre[16|32]_copy_substring() for substring dd after a successful match (number less than 32) + \Cname call pcre[16|32]_copy_named_substring() for substring "name" after a successful match (name termin- + ated by next non alphanumeric character) + \C+ show the current captured substrings at callout time + \C- do not supply a callout function + \C!n return 1 instead of 0 when callout number n is reached + \C!n!m return 1 instead of 0 when callout number n is reached for the nth time + \C*n pass the number n (may be negative) as callout data; this is used as the callout return value + \D use the <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> match function + \F only shortest match for <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \Gdd call pcre[16|32]_get_substring() for substring dd after a successful match (number less than 32) + \Gname call pcre[16|32]_get_named_substring() for substring "name" after a successful match (name termin- + ated by next non-alphanumeric character) + \Jdd set up a JIT stack of dd kilobytes maximum (any number of digits) + \L call pcre[16|32]_get_substringlist() after a successful match + \M discover the minimum MATCH_LIMIT and MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION settings + \N pass the PCRE_NOTEMPTY option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b>; if used twice, pass the + PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART option + \Odd set the size of the output vector passed to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> to dd (any number of digits) + \P pass the PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b>; if used twice, pass the + PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD option + \Qdd set the PCRE_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION limit to dd (any number of digits) + \R pass the PCRE_DFA_RESTART option to <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \S output details of memory get/free calls during matching + \Y pass the PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \Z pass the PCRE_NOTEOL option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \? pass the PCRE_NO_UTF[8|16|32]_CHECK option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \>dd start the match at offset dd (optional "-"; then any number of digits); this sets the <i>startoffset</i> + argument for <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \<cr> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CR option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \<lf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_LF option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \<crlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \<anycrlf> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> + \<any> pass the PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY option to <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> or <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b> +</pre> +The use of \x{hh...} is not dependent on the use of the <b>/8</b> modifier on +the pattern. It is recognized always. There may be any number of hexadecimal +digits inside the braces; invalid values provoke error messages. +</P> +<P> +Note that \xhh specifies one byte rather than one character in UTF-8 mode; +this makes it possible to construct invalid UTF-8 sequences for testing +purposes. On the other hand, \x{hh} is interpreted as a UTF-8 character in +UTF-8 mode, generating more than one byte if the value is greater than 127. +When testing the 8-bit library not in UTF-8 mode, \x{hh} generates one byte +for values less than 256, and causes an error for greater values. +</P> +<P> +In UTF-16 mode, all 4-digit \x{hhhh} values are accepted. This makes it +possible to construct invalid UTF-16 sequences for testing purposes. +</P> +<P> +In UTF-32 mode, all 4- to 8-digit \x{...} values are accepted. This makes it +possible to construct invalid UTF-32 sequences for testing purposes. +</P> +<P> +The escapes that specify line ending sequences are literal strings, exactly as +shown. No more than one newline setting should be present in any data line. +</P> +<P> +A backslash followed by anything else just escapes the anything else. If +the very last character is a backslash, it is ignored. This gives a way of +passing an empty line as data, since a real empty line terminates the data +input. +</P> +<P> +The <b>\J</b> escape provides a way of setting the maximum stack size that is +used by the just-in-time optimization code. It is ignored if JIT optimization +is not being used. Providing a stack that is larger than the default 32K is +necessary only for very complicated patterns. +</P> +<P> +If \M is present, <b>pcretest</b> calls <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> several times, +with different values in the <i>match_limit</i> and <i>match_limit_recursion</i> +fields of the <b>pcre[16|32]_extra</b> data structure, until it finds the minimum +numbers for each parameter that allow <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> to complete without +error. Because this is testing a specific feature of the normal interpretive +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> execution, the use of any JIT optimization that might +have been set up by the <b>/S+</b> qualifier of <b>-s+</b> option is disabled. +</P> +<P> +The <i>match_limit</i> number is a measure of the amount of backtracking +that takes place, and checking it out can be instructive. For most simple +matches, the number is quite small, but for patterns with very large numbers of +matching possibilities, it can become large very quickly with increasing length +of subject string. The <i>match_limit_recursion</i> number is a measure of how +much stack (or, if PCRE is compiled with NO_RECURSE, how much heap) memory is +needed to complete the match attempt. +</P> +<P> +When \O is used, the value specified may be higher or lower than the size set +by the <b>-O</b> command line option (or defaulted to 45); \O applies only to +the call of <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> for the line in which it appears. +</P> +<P> +If the <b>/P</b> modifier was present on the pattern, causing the POSIX wrapper +API to be used, the only option-setting sequences that have any effect are \B, +\N, and \Z, causing REG_NOTBOL, REG_NOTEMPTY, and REG_NOTEOL, respectively, +to be passed to <b>regexec()</b>. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC8" href="#TOC1">THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION</a><br> +<P> +By default, <b>pcretest</b> uses the standard PCRE matching function, +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> to match each data line. PCRE also supports an +alternative matching function, <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_test()</b>, which operates in a +different way, and has some restrictions. The differences between the two +functions are described in the +<a href="pcrematching.html"><b>pcrematching</b></a> +documentation. +</P> +<P> +If a data line contains the \D escape sequence, or if the command line +contains the <b>-dfa</b> option, the alternative matching function is used. +This function finds all possible matches at a given point. If, however, the \F +escape sequence is present in the data line, it stops after the first match is +found. This is always the shortest possible match. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC9" href="#TOC1">DEFAULT OUTPUT FROM PCRETEST</a><br> +<P> +This section describes the output when the normal matching function, +<b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b>, is being used. +</P> +<P> +When a match succeeds, <b>pcretest</b> outputs the list of captured substrings +that <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> returns, starting with number 0 for the string that +matched the whole pattern. Otherwise, it outputs "No match" when the return is +PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH, and "Partial match:" followed by the partially matching +substring when <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b> returns PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL. (Note that +this is the entire substring that was inspected during the partial match; it +may include characters before the actual match start if a lookbehind assertion, +\K, \b, or \B was involved.) For any other return, <b>pcretest</b> outputs +the PCRE negative error number and a short descriptive phrase. If the error is +a failed UTF string check, the offset of the start of the failing character and +the reason code are also output, provided that the size of the output vector is +at least two. Here is an example of an interactive <b>pcretest</b> run. +<pre> + $ pcretest + PCRE version 8.13 2011-04-30 + + re> /^abc(\d+)/ + data> abc123 + 0: abc123 + 1: 123 + data> xyz + No match +</pre> +Unset capturing substrings that are not followed by one that is set are not +returned by <b>pcre[16|32]_exec()</b>, and are not shown by <b>pcretest</b>. In the +following example, there are two capturing substrings, but when the first data +line is matched, the second, unset substring is not shown. An "internal" unset +substring is shown as "<unset>", as for the second data line. +<pre> + re> /(a)|(b)/ + data> a + 0: a + 1: a + data> b + 0: b + 1: <unset> + 2: b +</pre> +If the strings contain any non-printing characters, they are output as \xhh +escapes if the value is less than 256 and UTF mode is not set. Otherwise they +are output as \x{hh...} escapes. See below for the definition of non-printing +characters. If the pattern has the <b>/+</b> modifier, the output for substring +0 is followed by the the rest of the subject string, identified by "0+" like +this: +<pre> + re> /cat/+ + data> cataract + 0: cat + 0+ aract +</pre> +If the pattern has the <b>/g</b> or <b>/G</b> modifier, the results of successive +matching attempts are output in sequence, like this: +<pre> + re> /\Bi(\w\w)/g + data> Mississippi + 0: iss + 1: ss + 0: iss + 1: ss + 0: ipp + 1: pp +</pre> +"No match" is output only if the first match attempt fails. Here is an example +of a failure message (the offset 4 that is specified by \>4 is past the end of +the subject string): +<pre> + re> /xyz/ + data> xyz\>4 + Error -24 (bad offset value) +</PRE> +</P> +<P> +If any of the sequences <b>\C</b>, <b>\G</b>, or <b>\L</b> are present in a +data line that is successfully matched, the substrings extracted by the +convenience functions are output with C, G, or L after the string number +instead of a colon. This is in addition to the normal full list. The string +length (that is, the return from the extraction function) is given in +parentheses after each string for <b>\C</b> and <b>\G</b>. +</P> +<P> +Note that whereas patterns can be continued over several lines (a plain ">" +prompt is used for continuations), data lines may not. However newlines can be +included in data by means of the \n escape (or \r, \r\n, etc., depending on +the newline sequence setting). +</P> +<br><a name="SEC10" href="#TOC1">OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATIVE MATCHING FUNCTION</a><br> +<P> +When the alternative matching function, <b>pcre[16|32]_dfa_exec()</b>, is used (by +means of the \D escape sequence or the <b>-dfa</b> command line option), the +output consists of a list of all the matches that start at the first point in +the subject where there is at least one match. For example: +<pre> + re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/ + data> yellow tangerine\D + 0: tangerine + 1: tang + 2: tan +</pre> +(Using the normal matching function on this data finds only "tang".) The +longest matching string is always given first (and numbered zero). After a +PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL return, the output is "Partial match:", followed by the +partially matching substring. (Note that this is the entire substring that was +inspected during the partial match; it may include characters before the actual +match start if a lookbehind assertion, \K, \b, or \B was involved.) +</P> +<P> +If <b>/g</b> is present on the pattern, the search for further matches resumes +at the end of the longest match. For example: +<pre> + re> /(tang|tangerine|tan)/g + data> yellow tangerine and tangy sultana\D + 0: tangerine + 1: tang + 2: tan + 0: tang + 1: tan + 0: tan +</pre> +Since the matching function does not support substring capture, the escape +sequences that are concerned with captured substrings are not relevant. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC11" href="#TOC1">RESTARTING AFTER A PARTIAL MATCH</a><br> +<P> +When the alternative matching function has given the PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL return, +indicating that the subject partially matched the pattern, you can restart the +match with additional subject data by means of the \R escape sequence. For +example: +<pre> + re> /^\d?\d(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)\d\d$/ + data> 23ja\P\D + Partial match: 23ja + data> n05\R\D + 0: n05 +</pre> +For further information about partial matching, see the +<a href="pcrepartial.html"><b>pcrepartial</b></a> +documentation. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC12" href="#TOC1">CALLOUTS</a><br> +<P> +If the pattern contains any callout requests, <b>pcretest</b>'s callout function +is called during matching. This works with both matching functions. By default, +the called function displays the callout number, the start and current +positions in the text at the callout time, and the next pattern item to be +tested. For example: +<pre> + --->pqrabcdef + 0 ^ ^ \d +</pre> +This output indicates that callout number 0 occurred for a match attempt +starting at the fourth character of the subject string, when the pointer was at +the seventh character of the data, and when the next pattern item was \d. Just +one circumflex is output if the start and current positions are the same. +</P> +<P> +Callouts numbered 255 are assumed to be automatic callouts, inserted as a +result of the <b>/C</b> pattern modifier. In this case, instead of showing the +callout number, the offset in the pattern, preceded by a plus, is output. For +example: +<pre> + re> /\d?[A-E]\*/C + data> E* + --->E* + +0 ^ \d? + +3 ^ [A-E] + +8 ^^ \* + +10 ^ ^ + 0: E* +</pre> +If a pattern contains (*MARK) items, an additional line is output whenever +a change of latest mark is passed to the callout function. For example: +<pre> + re> /a(*MARK:X)bc/C + data> abc + --->abc + +0 ^ a + +1 ^^ (*MARK:X) + +10 ^^ b + Latest Mark: X + +11 ^ ^ c + +12 ^ ^ + 0: abc +</pre> +The mark changes between matching "a" and "b", but stays the same for the rest +of the match, so nothing more is output. If, as a result of backtracking, the +mark reverts to being unset, the text "<unset>" is output. +</P> +<P> +The callout function in <b>pcretest</b> returns zero (carry on matching) by +default, but you can use a \C item in a data line (as described above) to +change this and other parameters of the callout. +</P> +<P> +Inserting callouts can be helpful when using <b>pcretest</b> to check +complicated regular expressions. For further information about callouts, see +the +<a href="pcrecallout.html"><b>pcrecallout</b></a> +documentation. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC13" href="#TOC1">NON-PRINTING CHARACTERS</a><br> +<P> +When <b>pcretest</b> is outputting text in the compiled version of a pattern, +bytes other than 32-126 are always treated as non-printing characters are are +therefore shown as hex escapes. +</P> +<P> +When <b>pcretest</b> is outputting text that is a matched part of a subject +string, it behaves in the same way, unless a different locale has been set for +the pattern (using the <b>/L</b> modifier). In this case, the <b>isprint()</b> +function to distinguish printing and non-printing characters. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC14" href="#TOC1">SAVING AND RELOADING COMPILED PATTERNS</a><br> +<P> +The facilities described in this section are not available when the POSIX +interface to PCRE is being used, that is, when the <b>/P</b> pattern modifier is +specified. +</P> +<P> +When the POSIX interface is not in use, you can cause <b>pcretest</b> to write a +compiled pattern to a file, by following the modifiers with > and a file name. +For example: +<pre> + /pattern/im >/some/file +</pre> +See the +<a href="pcreprecompile.html"><b>pcreprecompile</b></a> +documentation for a discussion about saving and re-using compiled patterns. +Note that if the pattern was successfully studied with JIT optimization, the +JIT data cannot be saved. +</P> +<P> +The data that is written is binary. The first eight bytes are the length of the +compiled pattern data followed by the length of the optional study data, each +written as four bytes in big-endian order (most significant byte first). If +there is no study data (either the pattern was not studied, or studying did not +return any data), the second length is zero. The lengths are followed by an +exact copy of the compiled pattern. If there is additional study data, this +(excluding any JIT data) follows immediately after the compiled pattern. After +writing the file, <b>pcretest</b> expects to read a new pattern. +</P> +<P> +A saved pattern can be reloaded into <b>pcretest</b> by specifying < and a file +name instead of a pattern. There must be no space between < and the file name, +which must not contain a < character, as otherwise <b>pcretest</b> will +interpret the line as a pattern delimited by < characters. For example: +<pre> + re> </some/file + Compiled pattern loaded from /some/file + No study data +</pre> +If the pattern was previously studied with the JIT optimization, the JIT +information cannot be saved and restored, and so is lost. When the pattern has +been loaded, <b>pcretest</b> proceeds to read data lines in the usual way. +</P> +<P> +You can copy a file written by <b>pcretest</b> to a different host and reload it +there, even if the new host has opposite endianness to the one on which the +pattern was compiled. For example, you can compile on an i86 machine and run on +a SPARC machine. When a pattern is reloaded on a host with different +endianness, the confirmation message is changed to: +<pre> + Compiled pattern (byte-inverted) loaded from /some/file +</pre> +The test suite contains some saved pre-compiled patterns with different +endianness. These are reloaded using "<!" instead of just "<". This suppresses +the "(byte-inverted)" text so that the output is the same on all hosts. It also +forces debugging output once the pattern has been reloaded. +</P> +<P> +File names for saving and reloading can be absolute or relative, but note that +the shell facility of expanding a file name that starts with a tilde (~) is not +available. +</P> +<P> +The ability to save and reload files in <b>pcretest</b> is intended for testing +and experimentation. It is not intended for production use because only a +single pattern can be written to a file. Furthermore, there is no facility for +supplying custom character tables for use with a reloaded pattern. If the +original pattern was compiled with custom tables, an attempt to match a subject +string using a reloaded pattern is likely to cause <b>pcretest</b> to crash. +Finally, if you attempt to load a file that is not in the correct format, the +result is undefined. +</P> +<br><a name="SEC15" href="#TOC1">SEE ALSO</a><br> +<P> +<b>pcre</b>(3), <b>pcre16</b>(3), <b>pcre32</b>(3), <b>pcreapi</b>(3), +<b>pcrecallout</b>(3), +<b>pcrejit</b>, <b>pcrematching</b>(3), <b>pcrepartial</b>(d), +<b>pcrepattern</b>(3), <b>pcreprecompile</b>(3). +</P> +<br><a name="SEC16" href="#TOC1">AUTHOR</a><br> +<P> +Philip Hazel +<br> +University Computing Service +<br> +Cambridge CB2 3QH, England. +<br> +</P> +<br><a name="SEC17" href="#TOC1">REVISION</a><br> +<P> +Last updated: 09 February 2014 +<br> +Copyright © 1997-2014 University of Cambridge. +<br> +<p> +Return to the <a href="index.html">PCRE index page</a>. +</p> |