path: root/tk707.info

This is tk707.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.7 from tk707.texi.

   This program is intended to mimic the operation of Roland's TR-707
Rhythm Composer (successor to the TR-606 and precursor to TR-808 and
TR-909).

   Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 by Chris Willing and Pierre Saramito. All
rights reserved.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
permission notice identical to this one.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Top,  Up: (dir)

The TK-707 Rhythm Composer
**************************

This document is a brief statement of requirements to run tk707 and a
very introductory explanation of how to run it. This might be just
enough for people not familiar with how these machines work but is not
intended to be an exhaustive explanation.

INFO-DIR-SECTION Sound
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* tk707: (tk707).        The TK-707 Rhythm Composer.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

* Menu:

* Installation::
* Terminology::
* Demonstrations::
* Creating patterns::
* Playing patterns::
* Creating tracks::
* Editing tracks::
* Playing tracks::
* Sound maps::
* Midi files::
* Tempo changes::
* Last step changes::
* Scale changes::
* Accents and flam::
* Command line options::
* Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3::
* Copying::
* Index::

1 Installation
**************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Installation,  Up: Top

* Menu:

* Building tk707::
* Configure options::
* Install::
* Running::
* Building the documentation::
* Comments and bugs corrections::
* My card has no midi render::

   The TK-707 installation requires:


   * C compiler: to compile the source code.

   * TCL/TK version 8.0 or later.  Tested up to TCL/TK 8.3. Available
     free from `http://www.scriptics.com'

   * Alsa: audio installation (at least version 0.5.0), available free
     from `http://www.alsa-project.org'

   * a sound card supported by Alsa.

   and, at least one of these MIDI renders:


   * an internal MIDI render hardware in your card.

   * an external MIDI module with drum sounds (Tested Roland D-110 and
     TR-707).

   * or any Alsa supported basic sound card together with the
     `timidity' or the `iiwusynth' 	MIDI synthesis software installed.

   Clearly, if you have neither a MIDI card nor an external MIDI module,
you can successfully manage MIDI files by a MIDI software sequencer.
See below.

   So far tested on


   * Linux - Debian 3.0 (kernel 2.4.18) with SB Live ! sound card

   * Linux - Slackware 7.0 (kernel 2.2.14) with ESS1868 sound card

   * Linux - Mandrak (kernel 2.2.13-7mdk)

   * Linux - Redhat 6.0 (kernel 2.2.5) with Ensonic 1370 sound card

1.1 Building `tk707'
====================


File: tk707.info,  Node: Building tk707,  Up: Installation

     	configure
     	make

The program consists of Tcl/Tk for the gui and C code for outputting
the midi data.  The Tcl/Tk code is compiled with the C code.  The
compiled target `tk707' is a self contained binary.

1.2 Configure options
=====================


File: tk707.info,  Node: Configure options,  Up: Installation

During the configuration step, you could also provide to the
`configure' script some non-standard locations of the Alsa or Tcl/Tk
libraries.  On my Debian 3.0 installation, I use:
     	configure --with-tcl-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.3
   A more general example writes:
     	configure --with-alsa-prefix=/usr/sound/lib \
     	  --with-alsa-inc-prefix=/usr/sound/include \
     	  --with-tcl-includes=/new/include   --with-tcl-libs=/usr/new/lib  \
     	  --with-tk-includes=/usr/new/include --with-tk-libs=/usr/new/lib
     	make

   Enter `configure --help' for a complete list of available options.

   It could also be useful to send compiler options to the `configure'
script.
     	CFLAGS="-O0" configure
     	make
   Indeed, by default, `gcc' compiler optimization flags are set to the
maximum, i.e `-O9'. This is not supported for old `gcc' versions, where
this feature failed on some combinations of Linux kernel versions and
`gcc' version (e.g. Mandrake with kernel `Linux-2.2.13-7mdk' and
`pgcc-2.91.66'). Either update our environment or use lower
optimization flags.

1.3 Installation
================


File: tk707.info,  Node: Install,  Up: Installation

     	make install

The default installation directory is `/usr/local/bin' but this can be
changed by using an extra configuration option:

     	configure --prefix=/users/angela/music
     	make install

   will build and install `tk707' into the installation directory
`/users/angela/music/bin' as `tk707'.

1.4 Running
===========


File: tk707.info,  Node: Running,  Up: Installation

If installation was done as in previous step, and assuming the
installation directory is in your execution path, then the program is
started with

     	tk707

   	A sample song is in `demo.dat' which can be loaded from the
`File->Load Demo' menu. After loading, click the <START> button and you
should hear something if your hardware is set up correctly.

   When `tk707' is first started, a suitable output port needs to be
selected.  A selection gui comes up before the main TK-707 window to
make this choice.  The list on the right hand side should contain one
or more entries from which to choose (don't worry about the input port
list on the left).  Double click on the available output port you want
to use, and it should be entered into the Selected Output box near the
bottom. Now you can click on the OK button to use the selected output
port for this invocation of TK-707. You can also click the SAVE button
first to save this information (in `~/.tk707rc') so that you don't need
to make the selection next time you run TK-707. Note that `~/.tk707rc'
is a plain text file which can be edited by hand if you want to.

   Alternatively, if you know what port you want to use, run `tk707'
with the `-p' option, e.g.
     	tk707 -p 65:0

   Use of the `-p' option overrides any setting in the `~/.tk707rc'
file.

   A list of suitable ports can also be obtained with the `-l' option,
e.g.
     	tk707 -l

1.5 Building the documentation
==============================


File: tk707.info,  Node: Building the documentation,  Up: Installation

The documentation in `.info' format, suitable for emacs, is contained
in the distribution. You can browse it:
     	info -f tk707.info

   If you have the `texi2html' tool, the `html' version has been
generated during the installation:
     	netscape tk707_toc.html

   If you have TeX installed, a pretty version of the documentation is
available:
     	make dvi
     	xdvi tk707.dvi

   and also for printing:
     	dvips tk707.dvi -o tk707.ps
     	lpr tk707.ps

   Now, read the documentation and enjoy `tk707'.

1.6 Comments, bug corrections and future versions
=================================================


File: tk707.info,  Node: Comments and bugs corrections,  Up: Installation

We are keen for people to try it and send comments and suggestions.

   Please, send comments, corrections, additions, bugs etc.. to
<chris@vislab.usyd.edu.au> and <pierre.saramito@imag.fr>

   Future versions from the TK-707 home page:


   * Australie: `http://www.vislab.usyd.edu.au/staff/chris/tk707'

   * Europe: `http://www-lmc.imag.fr/lmc-edp/Pierre.Saramito/tk707'

1.7 My card has no midi render...
=================================


File: tk707.info,  Node: My card has no midi render,  Up: Installation

Don't worry, you are able to hear midi file with a basic audio sound
card: the `timidity' code is able to provides an Alsa sequencer
interface which receives events and plays it in real-time.

   `timidity' is a public domain code available at
`http://www.goice.co.jp/member/mo/timidity'.

   On this mode, `timidity' works purely as software (real-time) midi
render.  There is no scheduling routine in this interface, since all
scheduling is done by Alsa sequencer core.

   So, download `timidity' (at least version 2.10.0) and install as
follow:
             configure --enable-server --enable-alsaseq --enable-alsatest \
     		--enable-audio=alsa,wav,au,aiff,list,oss
     	make install

   `timidity' software emulates the best sound cards.  It requires some
Gravis Ultra Sound (GUS) patches describing musical instruments.  The
public domain EAW sound patch suite can be downloaded at
`http://www.stardate.bc.ca/eawpatches/html/default.htm' This his a
complete and high quality library, updated frequently.  Especially,
download the `gsdrums' percussion instrument library.

   Install these files in the `timidity' directory, usually
`/usr/share/timidity'.

   For invoking Alsa sequencer interface, run `timidity' as follows:
           timidity -iA -B2,8 &

   The fragment size can be adjustable.  The smaller number gives
better real-time response.  Then `timidity' shows new port numbers
which were newly created (128:0 and 128:1 below).

   Finally, run `tk707':
           tk707 -p 128:0

   The `timidity' render is very flexible and rich, since you can add
any instrument in your library by using GUS patch files.  This modular
approach is not always supported by all hardware renders.  Thus,  the
software MIDI render solution is fruitful, and could be installed, even
if you have a hardware or external MIDI solution.

2 Getting started
*****************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Terminology,  Up: Top

2.1 Terminology
===============

	Four song _tracks_ are available.  You can think of a track as a song.
Tracks are labeled by roman numbers: I, II, III and IV.

   	Each track is made of _patterns_, each with 16 _steps_.s  You could
think of a pattern as a bar of music. At each step in a pattern, any of
the available instruments can be set to play. Once you've made the
patterns you want to use, you can combine them in any order into any of
the four available tracks. Any particular pattern can be used in any of
the tracks as many times as desired.

   	There are 64 patterns available in 4 _groups_ of 16 each.  Pattern
groups are labeled by letters: A, B, C and D.  The 4 groups are not at
all related to the 4 tracks. Patterns from any group are available to
any track.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Demonstrations,  Up: Top

2.2 Demonstrations
==================

	Some sample patterns and tracks are in `demo.dat' which can be loaded
from the `File->Demo' menu. Something exists in each track of this file
so click the <START> button and you should hear something if your
hardware is set up correctly. Part of this set up is the _midi channel_;
the default midi channel is 10 (the default for D-110 drum sounds). You
can change the output midi channel via the Midi menu or Shift-click on
the <MIDI CH> button; a new window will appear for midi channel
selection.

   	A second demonstration file shows the alternate _727_ latin sound
map. With this sound map, the software emulates a Roland _727_ latin
percussion rhythm composer.  Loaded from the `File->Demo' menu the file
`son-montuno.dat', and then load the latin percussion sound map
`727.map' from the `Map->Load Standard Sound Map' menu.  Set also the
tempo to 200 bpm.  Then, click the <START> button.

   	An alternate sound map for latin percussion is `7c7.map'.  The `c'
in `7c7' stands for cuba(1).  can be loaded in the `Map->Load Standard
Sound Map'.  This file has no Roland latin percussion rhythm composer
equivalent, and has been designed for our pleasure. Click the <START>
button and you will hear the file `son-montuno.dat' with another
feeling.

   Finally, a brazilian sound map `7b7.map' is presented.  The `b' in
`7b7' stands for brazil(2) and can be loaded together with the
`carioca.dat' demonstration.  A good tempo is 220 bpm for the samba
carioca.

   There is no more demonstration file for these sound maps, since it
is time for you to compose your music !

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) An excellent introduction to afro-cuban rhythms can be founded in
'Les tumbaos de la salsa', by Daniel Genton, Editions Musicales
Francaise, 2000. email: Topdjembe@hotmail.com.

   (2) This sound map is indented for batucada music for carnaval.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Creating patterns,  Up: Top

2.3 Creating patterns
=====================

2.3.1 Writing pattern
---------------------

	Shift-click the <PATTERN> button to enter Pattern Write mode. While
<START> is not pressed, the 16 instrument/step keys at the bottom of the
interface are dual purposed.

   	Clicking on a key changes which pattern, 1-16, (within the current
group) is selected for writing. A small lamp above one of the _group
pattern_ buttons indicates the current group. The current group may be
changed by clicking group pattern button <A>, <B>, <C> or <D>.

   	Shift-clicking on the _instrument/step_ keys selects which instrument
is selected to be written into the current pattern. Click the <START>
button; now as you click of the instrument/step keys, the selected
instrument, e.g. <Cowbell>, will be added at that step. If the selected
instrument has already been set at that step, then clicking there will
remove it. To select another instrument, press the <STOP/CONT> button
then select another instrument using Shift-click on the appropriate
instrument/step key.

   	Continue adding instruments at the required steps to complete the
pattern. Make all the patterns you will need for a new song.

   	A pattern may be cleared of all notes while in Pattern Write mode;
clicking on the <CLEAR> button will raise a dialog window to confirm
clearing of the current pattern.

2.3.2 Copy/paste and copy/merge
-------------------------------

	Another method of creating new patterns is to copy an existing pattern
and pasting it to a new location, then modifying the new version.  This
is an efficient method of creating a number of patterns which are small
variations of each other. Select the pattern to be copied and press
<CRTL>-<C> (<CONTROL> key and <C> key together).

   	Now select a new (empty?)  pattern location and press <Ctrl>-<V> or
<Ctrl>-<B> to _paste_ in the copied notes.

   Using <Ctrl>-<V> will clear the destination location of any notes it
already contains whereas <Ctrl>-<B> will _merge_ its current contents
with the new note information.

2.3.3 The pattern display grid
------------------------------

	The third method uses the pattern display grid. Double-click near an
instrument/step intersection to add the instrument at that step. If the
instrument already exists at that step then it is deleted. This is
probably the easiest way of creating patterns.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Playing patterns,  Up: Top

2.4 Playing patterns
====================

Click the <PATTERN> button to enter Pattern Play mode.  While the
<START> button is depressed, the currently selected pattern will play.
Clicking on different pattern keys at the bottom of the interface will
select a new pattern (<1>,..,<16>) in the current group. If not
currently playing, the new pattern is displayed immediately. If a
pattern is already playing, the new pattern will play when the current
pattern is finished.

   Selecting a different group also changes the current pattern, i.e.
if pattern 7 in group I is selected, then when group 2 is selected the
new pattern will be pattern 7 in group II. Sixteen patterns are
available in each of the four groups for a total of sixty-four patterns.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Creating tracks,  Up: Top

2.5 Creating tracks
===================

Shift-click the <TRACK> button to enter Track Write mode.

   To start from an empty track, delete anything already there
(Shift-click on the <CLEAR> button) if necessary. Now select a pattern
to add to the track and click on the enter key as many times as that
pattern is required. Then select the next pattern to add and click on
the enter key as many times as that pattern is required.

   E.g., selecting pattern 3 and clicking on the <ENTER> button 4 times,
then selecting pattern 9 and clicking on the <ENTER> button 2 times will
result in a track of six measures - 4 of pattern 3 followed by 2
measures of pattern 9.

   Changes to a track being created can be made.  *Note Editing
tracks::.

   The currently selected pattern can be heard playing if the <START>
button is clicked. This enables an audible preview of selected patterns
prior to adding them to the track.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Editing tracks,  Up: Top

2.6 Editing tracks
==================

Shift-click the <TRACK> button to enter Track Write mode.

   Track editing is only possible in Track Write mode.

   Deletions of tracks (or parts of them) require confirmation (via a
dialog window).

   Shift-click on the <CLEAR> button deletes all of the current track.

   Ctrl-click on the <CLEAR> button deletes the current measure from
the track.

   Shift-Ctrl-click on the <CLEAR> button deletes the rest of the
current track, including the current measure. On some systems
(including mine!) this actually requires the <Ctrl> key as well i.e.
<Shift> + <Ctrl> keys + mouse click.  Consider this a minor bug to be
fixed sometime.

   Adding patterns to a track involves selecting a pattern then a click
or Shift-click on the <ENTER> button. Think of Shift-click on <ENTER>
as an insert operation into the track before the current measure. An
ordinary click on <ENTER> is actually a replacement operation i.e. it
will replace the current measure with the currently selected pattern.
However if you're at the end of the current track this behaves like an
append operation - it adds new measures to the end of the track.

   The currently selected pattern can be heard playing if the <START>
button is clicked. This enables an audible preview of selected patterns
prior to adding them to the track.

   Different parts of the track can be accessed by clicking on the
<BACK> and <FWD> buttons. Shift-click on the <LAST MEAS> button to go
to the end of the track. Note that this goes to the measure just past
the end of the track (ready to write the next measure). An ordinary
click on the <LAST MEAS> button will momentarily show the last (+1)
measure while the button is held down.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Playing tracks,  Up: Top

2.7 Playing tracks
==================

Click on the <TRACK> button to enter the `Track Play' mode.  Then click
on the <START> button and the current track will be played.

   Select another track, e.g. track IV, by Shift-clicking a the
corresponding track button: <Shift>-<IV>. Then enter <START> for
playing the song.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Tempo changes,  Up: Top

2.8 Tempo changes
=================

	The tempo may be changed in either Track or Pattern mode. The tempo is
lowered by Clicking in the tempo dial and then Click-Dragging around.
It  its increased by Click-Dragging to the left from the tempo dial;
its increased by Click-Dragging to the right.

   	Tempo changes can't be written into a track. If saving a track as an
midi file, the whole track will have whatever tempo is selected at the
time of saving.

3 Midi files and sounds
***********************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Midi files,  Up: Top

3.1 Midi files
==============

	Currently only single track Midi files can be exported. When the `Midi
File->Save' is selected a file browser appears into which the name of
the file is entered. Its not crucial but it is a convention to have a
`.mid' ending on the filename. When a name has been nominated, the
current track will be exported, including midi channel and tempo
information i.e. make sure these have the values you want first.

   	Tempo changes can't be written into a track. If saving a track as an
midi file, the whole track will have whatever tempo is selected at the
time of saving.

   	Volume controls are used when saving a midi file: master, accent and
volume controls associated to instruments.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Sound maps,  Up: Top

3.2 Sound maps
==============

	TK-707 _sound maps_ are mappings of the 16 instrument keys to
descriptions of their long names, short names, abbreviate name and midi
note values.  The first (longer) names are used in the pattern grid
display, while the second (shorter) names are used under the 16
instrument keys and abbreviations are used under the volume controls.
The midi note values need to correspond to values recognized by the
sound module being used with TK-707 (either external or built into a
sound card).  Appropriate values will need to be gleaned from your
hardware documentation, however the built in values should work on any
module conforming to the General Midi standard.

   The built-in sound map is supplied as an example in the `707.map'
file.  A second file, `727.map', is supplied and can be loaded to play
with the sounds of Roland's TR-727, the latin percussion counterpart of
the TR-707. Note that the 727 mapping won't work on a 707 because it
doesn't recognize the necessary range of midi note values. It will work
on modules (such as Roland D-110) which do recognize the necessary
range.

   Files with similar layout to the supplied `.map' can be constructed
using a text editor and loaded into TK-707 from the `Map->Load Local
Sound Map' menu.

   Alternatively, the currently loaded sound map can be edited via an
editing interface which is accessed from the `Map->Edit Sound Map'
menu. Just change the name, short name and midi note values as required
and press the <APPLY> button to apply the new settings to TK-707. The
Cancel button will revert sound setting to whatever they were before
the editing window was started.  The <OK> button will apply the
currently edited settings and close the editing window.

   As new midi note values are entered for an instrument, the sound
that they access in the midi sound module can be previewed using the
<TEST> buttons.  To speed the process of finding suitable sounds, three
keyboard/mouse shortcuts are provided:
   * 	<Shift> + <Mouse button 1> in the "Note" widget 	increments the
     value by 1 and test plays the new sound;

   * 	<Ctrl> + <Mouse button 1> in the "Note" widget 	decrements the
     value by 1 and test plays the new sound;

   * 	<Mouse button 2> in the "Note" widget and dragging up or down
     continuously decrement or increments the note value and test plays.
     the new sound.

   Any editing of sound maps are lost if TK-707 is closed down without
saving the sound map. A sound map can be saved using the `Map->Save
Sound Map' menu item. A file suffix of `.map' is recommended (but not
absolutely required).

4 Ternary feelings and poly-rhythms
***********************************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Scale changes,  Up: Top

4.1 Scale changes
=================

	This feature is related to fast figures and 6/8 figures.

   	Four scales are available on each pattern.  Click on the <SCALE> in
Pattern Write mode for changing the scale of the current pattern.  A
small lamp on the left of the musical score score indicates the current
scale. For each scale, a vertical bar indicates the duration of a whole
note.

4.1.1 Binary 4/4 measures
-------------------------

	On the first scale, the whole note duration is 	decomposed into
sixteenth. Each sixteenth is associated to the 	a step of the
pattern.  	There is 16 sixteenth in the pattern 	if the last step
is set to 16, and then 	the total duration of the pattern is those of a
whole note.

   	This is the default scale when creating pattern 	associated to a 4/4
measure.

4.1.2 Binary 2/4 measures
-------------------------

	For the second scale, the whole duration is 	decomposed into
eighthes. Each eighthes is associated 	to a step of the pattern. When
the last step is set to 	16, there is 16 eighthes in the
pattern, and the total duration 	of the pattern is those of a half whole.
When playing such pattern, lamps associated to steps 	are turning twice
faster !  	The pattern is then a 2/4 measure.  	The whole
duration should be recovered in a song by 	inserting two of such
patterns.

   	This scale is designated for fast schemes on binary 	songs.

4.1.3 Triplets and composed 12/4 measures
-----------------------------------------

	On the third scale, the whole duration is decomposed into 	four
third of a quarter. Each third of a quarter is 	associated to a
step of the pattern.

   	When the last step is set to 12, 	the total duration of the pattern
is those of a whole note *note Last step changes::.  	The pattern is
then a 12/4 measure.

   	Alternatively, the last could be set to 9 or 15 and then 	the
pattern is a 9/4 or a 15/4 measure, respectively.

   	This pattern is designated for ternary-based measures or 	for
inserting ternary feelings (triplets) into 	a binary song.

4.1.4 Sextuplets and composed 12/8 measures
-------------------------------------------

	Finally, the fourth scale decomposes the whole duration 	into
two sextuplets (12 times 1/6 of a quarter sextuplets).  	Each
1/6 of a quarter is associated to a step of the 	pattern.  	When
the last step is set to 12. *Note Last step changes::, 	the total
duration of the pattern is those 	of a half whole note.  	The
whole duration should be recovered in a song by 	inserting two of such
patterns.  	The pattern is then a 12/8 measure.

   	Since each quarter is represented by 6 steps on 	the pattern, we are
able to superpose binary and ternary 	schemes, i.e. poly-rhythmic
effects.

   	The `son-montuno.dat' demonstrates such effects.

   	This pattern is designated for fast schemes on 	ternary based
measures or 	for inserting ternary feelings (triplets) into 	a
binary song.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Last step changes,  Up: Top

4.2 Last step changes
=====================

Remarks that the last step is not automatically changed from 16 to 12
when changing the scale of a pattern.  It could be chosen to 15 for the
scale 3, for instance.

   Click on the <LAST STEP> in Pattern Write mode for changing the
scale.  A new window will appear for last scale selection of the last
step associated to the current pattern.

5 Accents and flam
******************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Accents and flam,  Up: Top

5.1 Accents
===========

5.1.1 Inserting accentuated notes
---------------------------------

There is two available accents: a weak and a strong one.  Use the weak
accent by clicking on the <ACCENT> button in Pattern Step Write or
Pattern Tap Write modes.  The "accent" text at the bottom of the button
becomes orange.  Enter then notes as usual: notes are _weakly
accentuated_ and the circle marker is orange, instead of the usual grey.

   Use the strong accent by clicking a second times on the <ACCENT>
button.  Now, the "accent" text becomes red.  Then, enter notes: they
are _strongly accentuated_ and the circle marker is red too.

   Then, click a third times on the <ACCENT> button.  The "accent" text
at the bottom of the button comes back to the initial foreground color.
When you insert notes, they will be no more accentuated.

   In Pattern Step Write mode, you could also insert notes by using the
<1>,..,<16> step touchs.  Conversely, in Pattern Tap Write, you could
also use the instrument keys, e.g. <Cowbell>.

5.1.2 Controlling the accent intensity
--------------------------------------

The weak and strong accent intensities could be modulated by using the
volume control labeled "AC".  Moves the label control up and down.
When up, accent effects are maximum while when down, there is no more
perceptible accent effects.  The volume control of accents is global.

5.2 Flam
========

5.2.1 Inserting flams
---------------------

Flam is a kick note written ahead of the main beat, and takes on the
effect of a _grace note_.  Control-double-click (<Control>-<Button-1>
two times) near an instrument/step intersection to insert a flam note
for this instrument at that step.  Instead of the circle marker, a star
marker represents the flam note at the selected intersection *note
Creating patterns::.

   There is another way for inserting flams: In Pattern Step Write
mode, click the <START> button; Select an instrument by shift-clicking
on an instrument/step key, e.g. <Shift>-<Snare>.  Now, as usual, as you
click on the instrument/step keys, the selected snare will be added at
that step 4.  Instead of this, if you control-click on the
instrument/step keys, e.g. <Ctrl>-<4>, then a snare note with a flam is
inserted at step 4.

   Conversely, in Pattern Tap Write mode, enter a flam by using the
<Ctrl>-<Cowbell>.

   Flam could be combined with accents, and the associated star marker
becomes orange or red, depending on the weak or strong accent.

5.2.2 Controlling the flam interval
-----------------------------------

The time between the grace note and its following main note can be
varied in the range 0:4.  The default value is 2.  A zero value means
that flam is off.  Each pattern has an associated flam interval value.

   Click on the <FLAM/SHUFFLE> button in Pattern Write mode for
changing the flam interval of the current pattern.  A new window will
appear for the flam interval selection.

Appendix A Command line options
*******************************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Command line options,  Up: Top

A.1 Synopsis
============

        tk707 options...

A.2 Options
===========

`-l'
     	List the available sound ports

`-p PORT'
     	Use this port

`-small'

`-medium'

`-normalsize'
     	Set the size of the window, since some screens are too small
     for the whole window.

`-display SCREEN ID'
     	Display to use.  

`-use WINDOW ID.'
     	Id of window in which to embed application.  	See `xwininfo'.

`-geometry'
     	Initial geometry for window

`-colormap'
     	Colormap for main window

`-name'
     	Name to use for application

`-sync'
     	Use synchronous mode for display server

`-visual'
     	Visual for main window.

`-h'

`-help'
     	Print short help.

Appendix B Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3::
*************************************************


File: tk707.info,  Node: Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3,  Up: Top

This small annex explain how to convert your output midi file to
formatted audio file (ex. RIFF WAVE) and compressed MP3 audio files. We
assume your have converted your file `salsa.dat' into MIDI format
`salsa.mid' in the `tk707' environment *note Midi files::.

   Then enter the commands:
             timidity bolero.mid -Ow bolero.wav
             lame -b128 bolero.wav bolero.mp3
   and compare the file sizes:
             ls -al
     	-rw-r--r--   1 maria martinez     1051 Mar  9 09:20 son-montuno.mid
     	-rw-r--r--   1 maria martinez  3937324 Mar  9 09:22 son-montuno.wav
     	-rw-r--r--   1 maria martinez   493056 Mar  9 09:22 son-montuno.mp3
   The MIDI file does not contains the sounds. It contains only the
score of your music and a MIDI render is required to heat it.  The
audio WAV and MP3 contains the complete sound and are suitable exports,
such as CD-ROM writers.  Moreover, the MP3 file is compressed by
rougthly a factor ten.  The MP3 audio files can be played back by
popular mp3  players  such as  mpg123.

   The `timidity' tool is a midi-to-wav converter available at
`http://www.goice.co.jp/member/mo/timidity'.

   The `lame' tool is a wav-to-mp3 convarter available at
`http://www.sulaco.org/mp3'.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Copying,  Up: Top

Appendix C GNU General Public License
*************************************

                         Version 2, June 1991

     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble
========

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

   When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in
new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

   To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

   For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.

   We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.

   Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.

   Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

   The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.

    TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
     notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
     under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program",
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     the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
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     portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
     translated into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is
     included without limitation in the term "modification".)  Each
     licensee is addressed as "you".

     Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
     not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act
     of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
     Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
     the Program (independent of having been made by running the
     Program).  Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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     You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
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       a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
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       b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
          in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program
          or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge
          to all third parties under the terms of this License.

       c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
          when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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     These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
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     the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
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     Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
     contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
     intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
     derivative or collective works based on the Program.

     In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
     Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on
     a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the
     other work under the scope of this License.

  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
     under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
     of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
     following:

       a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
          source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
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       c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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          received the program in object code or executable form with
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     The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
     making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete
     source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
     plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
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     If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
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     distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
     compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
     except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
     otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
     void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
     License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
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     terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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     or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions
     are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
     Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
     based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
     License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
     distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
     Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
     original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program
     subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any
     further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
     granted herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
     by third parties to this License.

  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
     infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
     issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
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     License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
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     Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit
     royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
     receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
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     entirely from distribution of the Program.

     If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
     under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
     intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
     in other circumstances.

     It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
     patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
     any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
     the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
     implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
     generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
     through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
     system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
     willing to distribute software through any other system and a
     licensee cannot impose that choice.

     This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
     to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
     certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
     the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
     License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
     excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
     in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this
     License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
     this License.

  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
     versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such
     new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
     may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

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     the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later
     version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program
     does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
     any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
     programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
     author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted
     by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
     Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision
     will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
     all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
     and reuse of software generally.

                                NO WARRANTY
 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
     WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
     LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
     HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
     WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
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     SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
     WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
     MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
     LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
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     INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
     DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
     OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
     OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
     ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=============================================

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.

   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

     ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
     Copyright (C) 19YY  NAME OF AUTHOR

     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
     modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
     as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
     of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     GNU General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
     Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

   Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.

   If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:

     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR
     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
     type `show w'.  This is free software, and you are welcome
     to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
     for details.

   The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.

   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
     interest in the program `Gnomovision'
     (which makes passes at compilers) written
     by James Hacker.

     SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
     Ty Coon, President of Vice

   This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.


File: tk707.info,  Node: Index,  Up: Top

Index
*****

[index]
* Menu:

* .dat tk707 file:                       Demonstrations.       (line  6)
* .map tk707 sound map file:             Demonstrations.       (line 15)
* .mid midi file:                        Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* .mp3 audio file:                       Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* .wav audio file:                       Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* accent:                                Accents and flam.     (line  9)
* Alsa audio library <1>:                My card has no midi render.
                                                               (line  3)
* Alsa audio library:                    Installation.         (line 13)
* audio file format:                     Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* brazilian percussion:                  Demonstrations.       (line 29)
* demonstration file demo.dat <1>:       Demonstrations.       (line  6)
* demonstration file demo.dat:           Running.              (line  9)
* demonstration file son-montuno.dat <1>: Scale changes.       (line 60)
* demonstration file son-montuno.dat:    Demonstrations.       (line 15)
* file 727.map:                          Demonstrations.       (line 15)
* file 7b7.map:                          Demonstrations.       (line 29)
* file 7c7.map:                          Demonstrations.       (line 22)
* file carioca.dat:                      Demonstrations.       (line 29)
* file tk707.dvi documentation:          Building the documentation.
                                                               (line 11)
* file tk707.html documentation:         Building the documentation.
                                                               (line  7)
* file tk707.info documentation:         Building the documentation.
                                                               (line  3)
* file tk707.ps documentation:           Building the documentation.
                                                               (line 16)
* File->Load Demo menu:                  Demonstrations.       (line  6)
* File->Load menu:                       Running.              (line  9)
* flam:                                  Accents and flam.     (line 38)
* flam interval:                         Accents and flam.     (line 65)
* grace note:                            Accents and flam.     (line 38)
* grid marker: orange:                   Accents and flam.     (line  9)
* grid marker: red:                      Accents and flam.     (line 15)
* grid marker: star:                     Accents and flam.     (line 38)
* group (pattern):                       Terminology.          (line 16)
* instrument <1>:                        Sound maps.           (line  6)
* instrument:                            Creating patterns.    (line 18)
* lame wav-to-mp3 converter:             Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* last step <1>:                         Last step changes.    (line  6)
* last step:                             Scale changes.        (line 43)
* latin percussion:                      Demonstrations.       (line 15)
* Linux system:                          Installation.         (line 13)
* Map->Edit Sound Map menu:              Sound maps.           (line 29)
* Map->Load Local Sound Map menu:        Sound maps.           (line 25)
* Map->Load Standard Sound Map:          Demonstrations.       (line 15)
* Map->Save Sound Map menu:              Sound maps.           (line 51)
* midi file <1>:                         Midi files.           (line  6)
* midi file:                             Tempo changes.        (line 11)
* midi file format:                      Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* Midi File->Save menu:                  Midi files.           (line  6)
* midi note:                             Sound maps.           (line  6)
* midi output channel:                   Demonstrations.       (line  6)
* midi output port:                      Running.              (line 13)
* midi render:                           Installation.         (line 13)
* midi render: timidity software:        My card has no midi render.
                                                               (line  3)
* midi-to-audio converters:              Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* mpg123 mp3 player:                     Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* pattern <1>:                           Creating patterns.    (line  6)
* pattern:                               Terminology.          (line  6)
* pattern copy/merge:                    Creating patterns.    (line 37)
* pattern copy/paste:                    Creating patterns.    (line 37)
* pattern display grid <1>:              Accents and flam.     (line 38)
* pattern display grid <2>:              Sound maps.           (line  6)
* pattern display grid:                  Creating patterns.    (line 53)
* Pattern Step Write:                    Accents and flam.     (line 48)
* pattern step write:                    Accents and flam.     (line  9)
* Pattern Tap Write:                     Accents and flam.     (line 56)
* pattern tap write:                     Accents and flam.     (line  9)
* poly-rhythms 12/8:                     Scale changes.        (line 60)
* scale:                                 Scale changes.        (line  6)
* sound card without midi:               My card has no midi render.
                                                               (line  3)
* sound map:                             Sound maps.           (line  6)
* sound map 707.dat:                     Sound maps.           (line 17)
* sound map 727.dat:                     Sound maps.           (line 17)
* sound map file:                        Demonstrations.       (line 15)
* sound patch files (GUS):               My card has no midi render.
                                                               (line 20)
* step <1>:                              Creating patterns.    (line 18)
* step:                                  Terminology.          (line  6)
* tcl/tk libraries:                      Installation.         (line 13)
* tempo <1>:                             Midi files.           (line 13)
* tempo:                                 Tempo changes.        (line  6)
* ternary feeling:                       Scale changes.        (line 43)
* timidity midi-to-wav converter:        Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP3.
                                                               (line  3)
* track:                                 Terminology.          (line  6)
* track selection:                       Playing tracks.       (line  6)
* volume control <1>:                    Accents and flam.     (line 30)
* volume control <2>:                    Sound maps.           (line  6)
* volume control:                        Midi files.           (line 17)
* whole note decomposition:              Scale changes.        (line 17)
* xwininfo:                              Command line options. (line 26)



Tag Table:
Node: Top724
Node: Installation1582
Node: Building tk7072937
Node: Configure options3260
Node: Install4443
Node: Running4833
Node: Building the documentation6363
Node: Comments and bugs corrections7055
Node: My card has no midi render7576
Node: Terminology9525
Node: Demonstrations10354
Ref: Demonstrations-Footnote-112059
Ref: Demonstrations-Footnote-212244
Node: Creating patterns12312
Node: Playing patterns14734
Node: Creating tracks15542
Node: Editing tracks16515
Node: Playing tracks18295
Node: Tempo changes18668
Node: Midi files19225
Node: Sound maps19993
Node: Scale changes22737
Node: Last step changes25693
Node: Accents and flam26177
Node: Command line options29232
Node: Converting MIDI to audio WAV and MP330076
Node: Copying31384
Node: Index50495

End Tag Table