path: root/src/Fl_Preferences.cxx

//
// "$Id: Fl_Preferences.cxx 10378 2014-10-14 12:10:18Z ianmacarthur $"
//
// Preferences methods for the Fast Light Tool Kit (FLTK).
//
// Copyright 2002-2010 by Matthias Melcher.
//
// This library is free software. Distribution and use rights are outlined in
// the file "COPYING" which should have been included with this file.  If this
// file is missing or damaged, see the license at:
//
//     http://www.fltk.org/COPYING.php
//
// Please report all bugs and problems on the following page:
//
//     http://www.fltk.org/str.php
//

#include <FL/Fl.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Preferences.H>
#include <FL/Fl_Plugin.H>
#include <FL/filename.H>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <FL/fl_utf8.h>
#include "flstring.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>

#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
#  include <windows.h>
#  include <direct.h>
#  include <io.h>
// Visual C++ 2005 incorrectly displays a warning about the use of POSIX APIs
// on Windows, which is supposed to be POSIX compliant...
#  define access _access
#  define mkdir _mkdir
#elif defined (__APPLE__)
#  include <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <config.h>
#  include <dlfcn.h>
#else
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <config.h>
#  if HAVE_DLFCN_H
#    include <dlfcn.h>
#  endif
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
#  include <windows.h>
#  include <rpc.h>
// function pointer for the UuidCreate Function
// RPC_STATUS RPC_ENTRY UuidCreate(UUID __RPC_FAR *Uuid);
typedef RPC_STATUS (WINAPI* uuid_func)(UUID __RPC_FAR *Uuid);
#else
#  include <sys/time.h>
#endif // WIN32

#ifdef __CYGWIN__
#  include <wchar.h>
#endif

char Fl_Preferences::nameBuffer[128];
char Fl_Preferences::uuidBuffer[40];
Fl_Preferences *Fl_Preferences::runtimePrefs = 0;

/**
 * Returns a UUID as generated by the system.
 *
 * A UUID is a "universally unique identifier" which is commonly used in
 * configuration files to create identities. A UUID in ASCII looks like this:
 * <tt>937C4900-51AA-4C11-8DD3-7AB59944F03E</tt>. It has always 36 bytes plus
 * a trailing zero.
 *
 * \return a pointer to a static buffer containing the new UUID in ASCII format.
 *         The buffer is overwritten during every call to this function!
 */
const char *Fl_Preferences::newUUID() {
#ifdef __APPLE__
  CFUUIDRef theUUID = CFUUIDCreate(NULL);
  CFUUIDBytes b = CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(theUUID);
  sprintf(uuidBuffer, "%02X%02X%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
          b.byte0, b.byte1, b.byte2, b.byte3, b.byte4, b.byte5, b.byte6, b.byte7,
          b.byte8, b.byte9, b.byte10, b.byte11, b.byte12, b.byte13, b.byte14, b.byte15);
  CFRelease(theUUID);
#elif defined (WIN32)
  // First try and use the win API function UuidCreate(), but if that is not
  // available, fall back to making something up from scratch.
  // We do not want to link against the Rpcrt4.dll, as we will rarely use it,
  // so we load the DLL dynamically, if it is available, and work from there.
  static HMODULE hMod = NULL;
  UUID ud;
  UUID *pu = &ud;
  int got_uuid = 0;

  if (!hMod) {		// first time in?
    hMod = LoadLibrary("Rpcrt4.dll");
  }

  if (hMod) {		// do we have a usable handle to Rpcrt4.dll?
    uuid_func uuid_crt = (uuid_func)GetProcAddress(hMod, "UuidCreate");
    if (uuid_crt != NULL) {
      RPC_STATUS rpc_res = uuid_crt(pu);
      if ( // is the return status OK for our needs?
          (rpc_res == RPC_S_OK) ||		// all is well
          (rpc_res == RPC_S_UUID_LOCAL_ONLY) || // only unique to this machine
          (rpc_res == RPC_S_UUID_NO_ADDRESS)	// probably only locally unique
        ) {
        got_uuid = -1;
        sprintf(uuidBuffer, "%08lX-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
            pu->Data1, pu->Data2, pu->Data3, pu->Data4[0], pu->Data4[1],
            pu->Data4[2], pu->Data4[3], pu->Data4[4],
            pu->Data4[5], pu->Data4[6], pu->Data4[7]);
      }
    }
  }
  if (got_uuid == 0) {		// did not make a UUID - use fallback logic
    unsigned char b[16];
    time_t t = time(0);		// first 4 byte
    b[0] = (unsigned char)t;
    b[1] = (unsigned char)(t>>8);
    b[2] = (unsigned char)(t>>16);
    b[3] = (unsigned char)(t>>24);
    int r = rand();		// four more bytes
    b[4] = (unsigned char)r;
    b[5] = (unsigned char)(r>>8);
    b[6] = (unsigned char)(r>>16);
    b[7] = (unsigned char)(r>>24);
    // Now we try to find 4 more "random" bytes. We extract the
    // lower 4 bytes from the address of t - it is created on the
    // stack so *might* be in a different place each time...
    // This is now done via a union to make it compile OK on 64-bit systems.
    union { void *pv; unsigned char a[sizeof(void*)]; } v;
    v.pv = (void *)(&t);
    // NOTE: This assume that all WinXX systems are little-endian
    b[8] = v.a[0];
    b[9] = v.a[1];
    b[10] = v.a[2];
    b[11] = v.a[3];
    TCHAR name[MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1]; // only used to make last four bytes
    DWORD nSize = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1;
    // GetComputerName() does not depend on any extra libs, and returns something
    // analogous to gethostname()
    GetComputerName(name, &nSize);
    //  use the first 4 TCHAR's of the name to create the last 4 bytes of our UUID
    for (int ii = 0; ii < 4; ii++) {
      b[12 + ii] = (unsigned char)name[ii];
    }
    sprintf(uuidBuffer, "%02X%02X%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
            b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3], b[4], b[5], b[6], b[7],
            b[8], b[9], b[10], b[11], b[12], b[13], b[14], b[15]);
  }
#else
  // warning Unix implementation of Fl_Preferences::newUUID() incomplete!
  // #include <uuid/uuid.h>
  // void uuid_generate(uuid_t out);
  unsigned char b[16];
  time_t t = time(0);			// first 4 byte
  b[0] = (unsigned char)t;
  b[1] = (unsigned char)(t>>8);
  b[2] = (unsigned char)(t>>16);
  b[3] = (unsigned char)(t>>24);
  int r = rand(); 			// four more bytes
  b[4] = (unsigned char)r;
  b[5] = (unsigned char)(r>>8);
  b[6] = (unsigned char)(r>>16);
  b[7] = (unsigned char)(r>>24);
  unsigned long a = (unsigned long)&t;	// four more bytes
  b[8] = (unsigned char)a;
  b[9] = (unsigned char)(a>>8);
  b[10] = (unsigned char)(a>>16);
  b[11] = (unsigned char)(a>>24);
  // Now we try to find 4 more "random" bytes. We extract the
  // lower 4 bytes from the address of t - it is created on the
  // stack so *might* be in a different place each time...
  // This is now done via a union to make it compile OK on 64-bit systems.
  union { void *pv; unsigned char a[sizeof(void*)]; } v;
  v.pv = (void *)(&t);
  // NOTE: May need to handle big- or little-endian systems here
# if WORDS_BIGENDIAN
  b[8] = v.a[sizeof(void*) - 1];
  b[9] = v.a[sizeof(void*) - 2];
  b[10] = v.a[sizeof(void*) - 3];
  b[11] = v.a[sizeof(void*) - 4];
# else /* data ordered for a little-endian system */
  b[8] = v.a[0];
  b[9] = v.a[1];
  b[10] = v.a[2];
  b[11] = v.a[3];
# endif
  char name[80];			// last four bytes
  gethostname(name, 79);
  memcpy(b+12, name, 4);
  sprintf(uuidBuffer, "%02X%02X%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",
          b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3], b[4], b[5], b[6], b[7],
          b[8], b[9], b[10], b[11], b[12], b[13], b[14], b[15]);
#endif

  return uuidBuffer;
}

/**
   The constructor creates a group that manages name/value pairs and
   child groups. Groups are ready for reading and writing at any time.
   The root argument is either Fl_Preferences::USER
   or Fl_Preferences::SYSTEM.

   This constructor creates the <i>base</i> instance for all
   following entries and reads existing databases into memory. The
   vendor argument is a unique text string identifying the
   development team or vendor of an application.  A domain name or
   an EMail address are great unique names, e.g.
   "researchATmatthiasm.com" or "fltk.org". The
   application argument can be the working title or final
   name of your application. Both vendor and
   application must be valid relative UNIX pathnames and
   may contain '/'s to create deeper file structures.

   A set of Preferences marked "run-time" exists exactly one per application and
   only as long as the application runs. It can be used as a database for
   volatile information. FLTK uses it to register plugins at run-time.

   \param[in] root can be \c USER or \c SYSTEM for user specific or system wide
              preferences
   \param[in] vendor unique text describing the company or author of this file
   \param[in] application unique text describing the application
*/
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( Root root, const char *vendor, const char *application ) {
  node = new Node( "." );
  rootNode = new RootNode( this, root, vendor, application );
  node->setRoot(rootNode);
}

/**
   \brief Use this constructor to create or read a preferences file at an
   arbitrary position in the file system.

   The file name is generated in the form
   <tt><i>path</i>/<i>application</i>.prefs</tt>. If \p application
   is \c NULL, \p path must contain the full file name.

   \param[in] path path to the directory that contains the preferences file
   \param[in] vendor unique text describing the company or author of this file
   \param[in] application unique text describing the application
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( const char *path, const char *vendor, const char *application ) {
  node = new Node( "." );
  rootNode = new RootNode( this, path, vendor, application );
  node->setRoot(rootNode);
}

/**
   \brief Generate or read a new group of entries within another group.

   Use the \p group argument to name the group that you would like to access.
   \p Group can also contain a path to a group further down the hierarchy by
   separating group names with a forward slash '/'.

   \param[in] parent reference object for the new group
   \param[in] group name of the group to access (may contain '/'s)
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences &parent, const char *group ) {
  rootNode = parent.rootNode;
  node = parent.node->addChild( group );
}

/**
   \brief Create or access a group of preferences using a name.
   \param[in] parent the parameter parent is a pointer to the parent group.
              \p Parent may be \p NULL. It then refers to an application internal
              database which exists only once, and remains in RAM only until the
              application quits. This database is used to manage plugins and other
              data indexes by strings.
   \param[in] group a group name that is used as a key into the database
   \see Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences&, const char *group )
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences *parent, const char *group ) {
  if (parent==0) {
    if (!runtimePrefs) {
      runtimePrefs = new Fl_Preferences();
      runtimePrefs->node = new Node( "." );
      runtimePrefs->rootNode = new RootNode( runtimePrefs );
      runtimePrefs->node->setRoot(rootNode);
    }
    parent = runtimePrefs;
  }
  rootNode = parent->rootNode;
  node = parent->node->addChild( group );
}

/**
 \brief Open a child group using a given index.

 Use the \p groupIndex argument to find the group that you would like to access.
 If the given index is invalid (negative or too high), a new group is created
 with a UUID as a name.

 The index needs to be fixed. It is currently backward. Index 0 points
 to the last member in the 'list' of preferences.

 \param[in] parent reference object for the new group
 \param[in] groupIndex zero based index into child groups
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences &parent, int groupIndex ) {
  rootNode = parent.rootNode;
  if (groupIndex<0 || groupIndex>=parent.groups()) {
    node = parent.node->addChild( newUUID() );
  } else {
    node = parent.node->childNode( groupIndex );
  }
}

/**
 \see Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences&, int groupIndex )
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences *parent, int groupIndex ) {
  rootNode = parent->rootNode;
  if (groupIndex<0 || groupIndex>=parent->groups()) {
    node = parent->node->addChild( newUUID() );
  } else {
    node = parent->node->childNode( groupIndex );
  }
}

/**
 Create a new dataset access point using a dataset ID.

 ID's are a great way to remember shortcuts to database entries that are deeply
 nested in a preferences database, as long as the database root is not deleted.
 An ID can be retrieved from any Fl_Preferences dataset, and can then be used
 to create multiple new references to the same dataset.

 ID's can be very helpful when put into the <tt>user_data()</tt> field of
 widget callbacks.
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences( Fl_Preferences::ID id ) {
  node = (Node*)id;
  rootNode = node->findRoot();
}

/**
 Create another reference to a Preferences group.
 */
Fl_Preferences::Fl_Preferences(const Fl_Preferences &rhs)
: node(rhs.node),
  rootNode(rhs.rootNode)
{ }

/**
 Assign another reference to a Preference group.
 */
Fl_Preferences &Fl_Preferences::operator=(const Fl_Preferences &rhs) {
  if (&rhs != this) {
    node = rhs.node;
    rootNode = rhs.rootNode;
  }
  return *this;
}

/**
   The destructor removes allocated resources. When used on the
   \em base preferences group, the destructor flushes all
   changes to the preferences file and deletes all internal
   databases.

   The destructor does not remove any data from the database. It merely
   deletes your reference to the database.
 */
Fl_Preferences::~Fl_Preferences() {
  if (node && !node->parent()) delete rootNode;
  // DO NOT delete nodes! The root node will do that after writing the preferences
  // zero all pointer to avoid memory errors, even though
  // Valgrind does not complain (Cygwin does though)
  node = 0L;
  rootNode = 0L;
}

/**
   Returns the number of groups that are contained within a group.

   \return 0 for no groups at all
 */
int Fl_Preferences::groups() {
  return node->nChildren();
}

/**
   Returns the name of the Nth (\p num_group) group.
   There is no guaranteed order of group names. The index must
   be within the range given by groups().

   \param[in] num_group number indexing the requested group
   \return 'C' string pointer to the group name
 */
const char *Fl_Preferences::group( int num_group ) {
  return node->child( num_group );
}

/**
   Returns non-zero if a group with this name exists.
   Group names are relative to the Preferences node and can contain a path.
   "." describes the current node, "./" describes the topmost node.
   By preceding a groupname with a "./", its path becomes relative to the topmost node.

   \param[in] key name of group that is searched for
   \return 0 if no group by that name was found
 */
char Fl_Preferences::groupExists( const char *key ) {
  return node->search( key ) ? 1 : 0 ;
}

/**
   Deletes a group.

   Removes a group and all keys and groups within that group
   from the database.

   \param[in] group name of the group to delete
   \return 0 if call failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::deleteGroup( const char *group ) {
  Node *nd = node->search( group );
  if ( nd ) return nd->remove();
  return 0;
}

/**
 Delete all groups.
 */
char Fl_Preferences::deleteAllGroups() {
  node->deleteAllChildren();
  return 1;
}

/**
   Returns the number of entries (name/value pairs) in a group.

   \return number of entries
 */
int Fl_Preferences::entries() {
  return node->nEntry();
}

/**
   Returns the name of an entry. There is no guaranteed order of
   entry names. The index must be within the range given by
   entries().

   \param[in] index number indexing the requested entry
   \return pointer to value cstring
 */
const char *Fl_Preferences::entry( int index ) {
  return node->entry(index).name;
}

/**
   Returns non-zero if an entry with this name exists.

   \param[in] key name of entry that is searched for
   \return 0 if entry was not found
 */
char Fl_Preferences::entryExists( const char *key ) {
  return node->getEntry( key )>=0 ? 1 : 0 ;
}

/**
   Deletes a single name/value pair.

   This function removes the entry \p key from the database.

   \param[in] key name of entry to delete
   \return 0 if deleting the entry failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::deleteEntry( const char *key ) {
  return node->deleteEntry( key );
}

/**
 Delete all entries.
 */
char Fl_Preferences::deleteAllEntries() {
  node->deleteAllEntries();
  return 1;
}

/**
 Delete all groups and all entries.
 */
char Fl_Preferences::clear() {
  char ret1 = deleteAllGroups();
  char ret2 = deleteAllEntries();
  return ret1 & ret2;
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0).

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] value returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \return 0 if the default value was used
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, int &value, int defaultValue ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  value = v ? atoi( v ) : defaultValue;
  return ( v != 0 );
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] value set this entry to \p value
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, int value ) {
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%d", value );
  node->set( key, nameBuffer );
  return 1;
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0).

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] value returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \return 0 if the default value was used
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, float &value, float defaultValue ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  value = v ? (float)atof( v ) : defaultValue;
  return ( v != 0 );
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] value set this entry to \p value
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, float value ) {
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%g", value );
  node->set( key, nameBuffer );
  return 1;
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] value set this entry to \p value
 \param[in] precision number of decimal digits to represent value
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, float value, int precision ) {
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%.*g", precision, value );
  node->set( key, nameBuffer );
  return 1;
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0).

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] value returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \return 0 if the default value was used
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, double &value, double defaultValue ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  value = v ? atof( v ) : defaultValue;
  return ( v != 0 );
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] value set this entry to \p value
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, double value ) {
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%g", value );
  node->set( key, nameBuffer );
  return 1;
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] value set this entry to \p value
 \param[in] precision number of decimal digits to represent value
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, double value, int precision ) {
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%.*g", precision, value );
  node->set( key, nameBuffer );
  return 1;
}

// remove control sequences from a string
static char *decodeText( const char *src ) {
  int len = 0;
  const char *s = src;
  for ( ; *s; s++, len++ ) {
    if ( *s == '\\' ) {
      if ( isdigit( s[1] ) ) {
        s+=3; 
      } else { 
        s+=1;
      }
    }
  }
  char *dst = (char*)malloc( len+1 ), *d = dst;
  for ( s = src; *s; s++ ) {
    char c = *s;
    if ( c == '\\' ) {
      if ( s[1] == '\\' ) { *d++ = c; s++; }
      else if ( s[1] == 'n' ) { *d++ = '\n'; s++; }
      else if ( s[1] == 'r' ) { *d++ = '\r'; s++; }
      else if ( isdigit( s[1] ) ) { *d++ = ((s[1]-'0')<<6) + ((s[2]-'0')<<3) + (s[3]-'0'); s+=3; }
      else s++; // error
    }
    else
      *d++ = c;
  }
  *d = 0;
  return dst;
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0).
 'maxSize' is the maximum length of text that will be read.
 The text buffer must allow for one additional byte for a trailing zero.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] text returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \param[in] maxSize maximum length of value plus one byte for a trailing zero
 \return 0 if the default value was used
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, char *text, const char *defaultValue, int maxSize ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  if ( v && strchr( v, '\\' ) ) {
    char *w = decodeText( v );
    strlcpy(text, w, maxSize);
    free( w );
    return 1;
  }
  if ( !v ) v = defaultValue;
  if ( v ) strlcpy(text, v, maxSize);
  else text = 0;
  return ( v != defaultValue );
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0). get() allocates memory of
 sufficient size to hold the value. The buffer must be free'd by
 the developer using 'free(value)'.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] text returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \return 0 if the default value was used
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, char *&text, const char *defaultValue ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  if ( v && strchr( v, '\\' ) ) {
    text = decodeText( v );
    return 1;
  }
  if ( !v ) v = defaultValue;
  if ( v )
    text = strdup( v );
  else
    text = 0;
  return ( v != defaultValue );
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] text set this entry to \p value
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, const char *text ) {
  const char *s = text ? text : "";
  int n=0, ns=0;
  for ( ; *s; s++ ) { n++; if ( *s<32 || *s=='\\' || *s==0x7f ) ns+=4; }
  if ( ns ) {
    char *buffer = (char*)malloc( n+ns+1 ), *d = buffer;
    for ( s=text; *s; ) {
      char c = *s;
      if ( c=='\\' ) { *d++ = '\\'; *d++ = '\\'; s++; }
      else if ( c=='\n' ) { *d++ = '\\'; *d++ = 'n'; s++; }
      else if ( c=='\r' ) { *d++ = '\\'; *d++ = 'r'; s++; }
      else if ( c<32 || c==0x7f )
	{ *d++ = '\\'; *d++ = '0'+((c>>6)&3); *d++ = '0'+((c>>3)&7); *d++ = '0'+(c&7);  s++; }
      else *d++ = *s++;
    }
    *d = 0;
    node->set( key, buffer );
    free( buffer );
  }
  else
    node->set( key, text );
  return 1;
}

// convert a hex string to binary data
static void *decodeHex( const char *src, int &size ) {
  size = (int) strlen( src )/2;
  unsigned char *data = (unsigned char*)malloc( size ), *d = data;
  const char *s = src;
  for ( int i=size; i>0; i-- ) {
    int v;
    char x = tolower(*s++);
    if ( x >= 'a' ) v = x-'a'+10; else v = x-'0';
    v = v<<4;
    x = tolower(*s++);
    if ( x >= 'a' ) v += x-'a'+10; else v += x-'0';
    *d++ = (uchar)v;
  }
  return (void*)data;
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0).
 'maxSize' is the maximum length of text that will be read.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] data value returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \param[in] defaultSize size of default value array
 \param[in] maxSize maximum length of value
 \return 0 if the default value was used

 \todo maxSize should receive the number of bytes that were read.
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, void *data, const void *defaultValue, int defaultSize, int maxSize ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  if ( v ) {
    int dsize;
    void *w = decodeHex( v, dsize );
    memmove( data, w, dsize>maxSize?maxSize:dsize );
    free( w );
    return 1;
  }
  if ( defaultValue )
    memmove( data, defaultValue, defaultSize>maxSize?maxSize:defaultSize );
  return 0;
}

/**
 Reads an entry from the group. A default value must be
 supplied. The return value indicates if the value was available
 (non-zero) or the default was used (0). get() allocates memory of
 sufficient size to hold the value. The buffer must be free'd by
 the developer using 'free(value)'.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[out] data returned from preferences or default value if none was set
 \param[in] defaultValue default value to be used if no preference was set
 \param[in] defaultSize size of default value array
 \return 0 if the default value was used
 */
char Fl_Preferences::get( const char *key, void *&data, const void *defaultValue, int defaultSize ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  if ( v ) {
    int dsize;
    data = decodeHex( v, dsize );
    return 1;
  }
  if ( defaultValue ) {
    data = (void*)malloc( defaultSize );
    memmove( data, defaultValue, defaultSize );
  }
  else
    data = 0;
  return 0;
}

/**
 Sets an entry (name/value pair). The return value indicates if there
 was a problem storing the data in memory. However it does not
 reflect if the value was actually stored in the preferences
 file.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \param[in] data set this entry to \p value
 \param[in] dsize size of data array
 \return 0 if setting the value failed
 */
char Fl_Preferences::set( const char *key, const void *data, int dsize ) {
  char *buffer = (char*)malloc( dsize*2+1 ), *d = buffer;;
  unsigned char *s = (unsigned char*)data;
  for ( ; dsize>0; dsize-- ) {
    static char lu[] = "0123456789abcdef";
    unsigned char v = *s++;
    *d++ = lu[v>>4];
    *d++ = lu[v&0xf];
  }
  *d = 0;
  node->set( key, buffer );
  free( buffer );
  return 1;
}

/**
 Returns the size of the value part of an entry.

 \param[in] key name of entry
 \return size of value
 */
int Fl_Preferences::size( const char *key ) {
  const char *v = node->get( key );
  return (int) (v ? strlen( v ) : 0);
}

/**
 \brief Creates a path that is related to the preferences file and
 that is usable for additional application data.

 This function creates a directory that is named after the preferences
 database without the \c .prefs extension and located in the same directory.
 It then fills the given buffer with the complete path name.

 Exmaple:
 \code
 Fl_Preferences prefs( USER, "matthiasm.com", "test" );
 char path[FL_PATH_MAX];
 prefs.getUserdataPath( path );
 \endcode
 creates the preferences database in (MS Windows):
 \code
 c:/Documents and Settings/matt/Application Data/matthiasm.com/test.prefs
 \endcode
 and returns the userdata path:
 \code
 c:/Documents and Settings/matt/Application Data/matthiasm.com/test/
 \endcode

 \param[out] path buffer for user data path
 \param[in] pathlen size of path buffer (should be at least \c FL_PATH_MAX)
 \return 0 if path was not created or pathname can't fit into buffer
 */
char Fl_Preferences::getUserdataPath( char *path, int pathlen ) {
  if ( rootNode )
    return rootNode->getPath( path, pathlen );
  return 0;
}

/**
 Writes all preferences to disk. This function works only with
 the base preferences group. This function is rarely used as
 deleting the base preferences flushes automatically.
 */
void Fl_Preferences::flush() {
  if ( rootNode && node->dirty() )
    rootNode->write();
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// helper class to create dynamic group and entry names on the fly
//

/**
   Creates a group name or entry name on the fly.

   This version creates a simple unsigned integer as an entry name.

   \code
     int n, i;
     Fl_Preferences prev( appPrefs, "PreviousFiles" );
     prev.get( "n", 0 );
     for ( i=0; i<n; i++ )
       prev.get( Fl_Preferences::Name(i), prevFile[i], "" );
   \endcode
 */
Fl_Preferences::Name::Name( unsigned int n ) {
  data_ = (char*)malloc(20);
  sprintf(data_, "%u", n);
}

/**
   Creates a group name or entry name on the fly.

   This version creates entry names as in 'printf'.

   \code
     int n, i;
     Fl_Preferences prefs( USER, "matthiasm.com", "test" );
     prev.get( "nFiles", 0 );
     for ( i=0; i<n; i++ )
       prev.get( Fl_Preferences::Name( "File%d", i ), prevFile[i], "" );
    \endcode
 */
Fl_Preferences::Name::Name( const char *format, ... ) {
  data_ = (char*)malloc(1024);
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, format);
  vsnprintf(data_, 1024, format, args);
  va_end(args);
}

// delete the name
Fl_Preferences::Name::~Name() {
  if (data_) {
    free(data_);
    data_ = 0L;
  }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// internal methods, do not modify or use as they will change without notice
//

int Fl_Preferences::Node::lastEntrySet = -1;

// recursively create a path in the file system
static char makePath( const char *path ) {
  if (access(path, 0)) {
    const char *s = strrchr( path, '/' );
    if ( !s ) return 0;
    size_t len = s-path;
    char *p = (char*)malloc( len+1 );
    memcpy( p, path, len );
    p[len] = 0;
    makePath( p );
    free( p );
#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
    return ( mkdir( path ) == 0 );
#else
    return ( mkdir( path, 0777 ) == 0 );
#endif // WIN32 && !__CYGWIN__
  }
  return 1;
}

#if 0
// strip the filename and create a path
static void makePathForFile( const char *path ) {
  const char *s = strrchr( path, '/' );
  if ( !s ) return;
  int len = s-path;
  char *p = (char*)malloc( len+1 );
  memcpy( p, path, len );
  p[len] = 0;
  makePath( p );
  free( p );
}
#endif

// create the root node
// - construct the name of the file that will hold our preferences
Fl_Preferences::RootNode::RootNode( Fl_Preferences *prefs, Root root, const char *vendor, const char *application )
: prefs_(prefs),
  filename_(0L),
  vendor_(0L),
  application_(0L) {

  char filename[ FL_PATH_MAX ]; filename[0] = 0;
#ifdef WIN32
#  define FLPREFS_RESOURCE	"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders"
#  define FLPREFS_RESOURCEW	L"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\Shell Folders"
  size_t appDataLen = strlen(vendor) + strlen(application) + 8;
  DWORD type, nn;
  LONG err;
  HKEY key;

  switch (root) {
    case SYSTEM:
      err = RegOpenKeyW( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, FLPREFS_RESOURCEW, &key );
      if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        nn = (DWORD) (FL_PATH_MAX - appDataLen); 
        err = RegQueryValueExW( key, L"Common AppData", 0L, &type,
                                (BYTE*)filename, &nn ); 
        if ( ( err != ERROR_SUCCESS ) && ( type == REG_SZ ) ) {
          filename[0] = 0;
          filename[1] = 0;
        }
        RegCloseKey(key);
      }
      break;
    case USER:
      err = RegOpenKeyW( HKEY_CURRENT_USER, FLPREFS_RESOURCEW, &key );
      if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        nn = (DWORD) (FL_PATH_MAX - appDataLen);
        err = RegQueryValueExW( key, L"AppData", 0L, &type,
                                (BYTE*)filename, &nn ); 
        if ( ( err != ERROR_SUCCESS ) && ( type == REG_SZ ) ) {
          filename[0] = 0;
          filename[1] = 0;
	}
        RegCloseKey(key);
      }
      break;
  } 
  if (!filename[1] && !filename[0]) {
    strcpy(filename, "C:\\FLTK");
  } else {
#if 0
    xchar *b = (xchar*)_wcsdup((xchar *)filename);
#else
    // cygwin does not come with _wcsdup. Use malloc +  wcscpy.
    // For implementation of wcsdup functionality See
    // - http://linenum.info/p/glibc/2.7/wcsmbs/wcsdup.c
    xchar *b = (xchar*) malloc((wcslen((xchar *) filename) + 1) * sizeof(xchar));
    wcscpy(b, (xchar *) filename);
#endif
    //  filename[fl_unicode2utf(b, wcslen((xchar*)b), filename)] = 0;
    unsigned len = fl_utf8fromwc(filename, (FL_PATH_MAX-1), b, (unsigned) wcslen(b));
    filename[len] = 0;
    free(b);
  }
  snprintf(filename + strlen(filename), sizeof(filename) - strlen(filename),
           "/%s/%s.prefs", vendor, application);
  for (char *s = filename; *s; s++) if (*s == '\\') *s = '/';
#elif defined ( __APPLE__ )
  // TODO: verify that this is the Apple sanctioned way of finding these folders
  // (On MSWindows, this frequently leads to issues with internationalized systems)
  // Carbon: err = FindFolder( kLocalDomain, kPreferencesFolderType, 1, &spec.vRefNum, &spec.parID );
  switch (root) {
    case SYSTEM:
      strcpy(filename, "/Library/Preferences");
      break;
    case USER:
      sprintf(filename, "%s/Library/Preferences", fl_getenv("HOME"));
      break;
  }
  snprintf(filename + strlen(filename), sizeof(filename) - strlen(filename),
           "/%s/%s.prefs", vendor, application );
#else
  const char *e;
  switch (root) {
    case USER:
      if ((e = fl_getenv("HOME")) != NULL) {
	strlcpy(filename, e, sizeof(filename));

	if (filename[strlen(filename)-1] != '/') {
	  strlcat(filename, "/.fltk/", sizeof(filename));
	} else {
	  strlcat(filename, ".fltk/", sizeof(filename));
	}
	break;
      } 
    case SYSTEM:
      strcpy(filename, "/etc/fltk/");
      break;
  } 
  snprintf(filename + strlen(filename), sizeof(filename) - strlen(filename),
           "%s/%s.prefs", vendor, application);
#endif 
  filename_    = strdup(filename);
  vendor_      = strdup(vendor);
  application_ = strdup(application); 
  read();
}

// create the root node
// - construct the name of the file that will hold our preferences
Fl_Preferences::RootNode::RootNode( Fl_Preferences *prefs, const char *path, const char *vendor, const char *application )
: prefs_(prefs),
  filename_(0L),
  vendor_(0L),
  application_(0L) {

  if (!vendor)
    vendor = "unknown";
  if (!application) {
    application = "unknown";
    filename_ = strdup(path);
  } else {
    char filename[ FL_PATH_MAX ]; filename[0] = 0;
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/%s.prefs", path, application);
    filename_  = strdup(filename);
  }
  vendor_      = strdup(vendor);
  application_ = strdup(application); 
  read();
}

// create a root node that exists only on RAM and can not be read or written to
// a file
Fl_Preferences::RootNode::RootNode( Fl_Preferences *prefs )
: prefs_(prefs),
  filename_(0L),
  vendor_(0L),
  application_(0L) {
}

// destroy the root node and all depending nodes
Fl_Preferences::RootNode::~RootNode() {
  if ( prefs_->node->dirty() )
    write();
  if ( filename_ ) {
    free( filename_ );
    filename_ = 0L;
  }
  if ( vendor_ ) {
    free( vendor_ );
    vendor_ = 0L;
  }
  if ( application_ ) {
    free( application_ );
    application_ = 0L;
  }
  delete prefs_->node;
  prefs_->node = 0L;
}

// read a preferences file and construct the group tree and with all entry leafs
int Fl_Preferences::RootNode::read() {
  if (!filename_)   // RUNTIME preferences
    return -1; 
  char buf[1024];
  FILE *f = fl_fopen( filename_, "rb" );
  if ( !f )
    return -1; 
  if (fgets( buf, 1024, f )==0) { /* ignore */ }
  if (fgets( buf, 1024, f )==0) { /* ignore */ }
  if (fgets( buf, 1024, f )==0) { /* ignore */ }
  Node *nd = prefs_->node;
  for (;;) {
    if ( !fgets( buf, 1024, f ) ) break;	// EOF or Error
    if ( buf[0]=='[' ) {			// read a new group
      size_t end = strcspn( buf+1, "]\n\r" );
      buf[ end+1 ] = 0;
      nd = prefs_->node->find( buf+1 );
    } else if ( buf[0]=='+' ) {			// value of previous name/value pair spans multiple lines
      size_t end = strcspn( buf+1, "\n\r" );
      if ( end != 0 ) {				// if entry is not empty
	buf[ end+1 ] = 0;
	nd->add( buf+1 );
      }
    } else {					 // read a name/value pair
      size_t end = strcspn( buf, "\n\r" );
      if ( end != 0 ) {				// if entry is not empty
	buf[ end ] = 0;
	nd->set( buf );
      }
    }
  }
  fclose( f );
  return 0;
}

// write the group tree and all entry leafs
int Fl_Preferences::RootNode::write() {
  if (!filename_)   // RUNTIME preferences
    return -1; 
  fl_make_path_for_file(filename_);
  FILE *f = fl_fopen( filename_, "wb" );
  if ( !f )
    return -1; 
  fprintf( f, "; FLTK preferences file format 1.0\n" );
  fprintf( f, "; vendor: %s\n", vendor_ );
  fprintf( f, "; application: %s\n", application_ );
  prefs_->node->write( f );
  fclose( f );
#if !(defined(__APPLE__) || defined(WIN32))
  // unix: make sure that system prefs are user-readable
  if (strncmp(filename_, "/etc/fltk/", 10) == 0) {
    char *p;
    p = filename_ + 9;
    do {			 // for each directory to the pref file
      *p = 0;
      fl_chmod(filename_, 0755); // rwxr-xr-x
      *p = '/';
      p = strchr(p+1, '/');
    } while (p);
    fl_chmod(filename_, 0644);   // rw-r--r--
  }
#endif
  return 0;
}

// get the path to the preferences directory
char Fl_Preferences::RootNode::getPath( char *path, int pathlen ) {
  if (!filename_)   // RUNTIME preferences
    return 1; // return 1 (not -1) to be consistent with fl_make_path()
  strlcpy( path, filename_, pathlen); 

  char *s;
  for ( s = path; *s; s++ ) if ( *s == '\\' ) *s = '/';
  s = strrchr( path, '.' );
  if ( !s ) return 0;
  *s = 0;
  char ret = fl_make_path( path );
#if !(defined(__APPLE__) || defined(WIN32))
  // unix: make sure that system prefs dir. is user-readable
  if (strncmp(path, "/etc/fltk/", 10) == 0) {
    fl_chmod(path, 0755); // rwxr-xr-x
  }
#endif
  strcpy( s, "/" );
  return ret;
}

// create a node that represents a group
// - path must be a single word, prferable alnum(), dot and underscore only. Space is ok.
Fl_Preferences::Node::Node( const char *path ) {
  if ( path ) path_ = strdup( path ); else path_ = 0;
  child_ = 0; next_ = 0; parent_ = 0;
  entry_ = 0;
  nEntry_ = NEntry_ = 0;
  dirty_ = 0;
  top_ = 0;
  indexed_ = 0;
  index_ = 0;
  nIndex_ = NIndex_ = 0;
}

void Fl_Preferences::Node::deleteAllChildren() {
  Node *nx;
  for ( Node *nd = child_; nd; nd = nx ) {
    nx = nd->next_;
    delete nd;
  }
  child_ = 0L;
  dirty_ = 1;
  updateIndex();
}

void Fl_Preferences::Node::deleteAllEntries() {
  if ( entry_ ) {
    for ( int i = 0; i < nEntry_; i++ ) {
      if ( entry_[i].name ) {
	free( entry_[i].name );
	entry_[i].name = 0L;
      }
      if ( entry_[i].value ) {
	free( entry_[i].value );
	entry_[i].value = 0L;
      }
    }
    free( entry_ );
    entry_ = 0L;
    nEntry_ = 0;
    NEntry_ = 0;
  }
  dirty_ = 1;
}

// delete this and all depending nodes
Fl_Preferences::Node::~Node() {
  deleteAllChildren();
  deleteAllEntries();
  deleteIndex();
  if ( path_ ) {
    free( path_ );
    path_ = 0L;
  }
  next_ = 0L;
  parent_ = 0L;
}

// recursively check if any entry is dirty (was changed after loading a fresh prefs file)
char Fl_Preferences::Node::dirty() {
  if ( dirty_ ) return 1;
  if ( next_ && next_->dirty() ) return 1;
  if ( child_ && child_->dirty() ) return 1;
  return 0;
}

// write this node (recursively from the last neighbor back to this)
// write all entries
// write all children
int Fl_Preferences::Node::write( FILE *f ) {
  if ( next_ ) next_->write( f );
  fprintf( f, "\n[%s]\n\n", path_ );
  for ( int i = 0; i < nEntry_; i++ ) {
    char *src = entry_[i].value;
    if ( src ) {		// hack it into smaller pieces if needed
      fprintf( f, "%s:", entry_[i].name );
      size_t cnt, written = 0;
      for ( cnt = 0; cnt < 60; cnt++ )
	if ( src[cnt]==0 ) break;
      written += fwrite( src, cnt, 1, f );
      fprintf( f, "\n" );
      src += cnt;
      for (;*src;) {
	for ( cnt = 0; cnt < 80; cnt++ )
	  if ( src[cnt]==0 ) break;
        fputc( '+', f );
	written = fwrite( src, cnt, 1, f );
        fputc( '\n', f );
	src += cnt;
      }
    }
    else
      fprintf( f, "%s\n", entry_[i].name );
  }
  if ( child_ ) child_->write( f );
  dirty_ = 0;
  return 0;
}

// set the parent node and create the full path
void Fl_Preferences::Node::setParent( Node *pn ) {
  parent_ = pn;
  next_ = pn->child_;
  pn->child_ = this;
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%s/%s", pn->path_, path_ );
  free( path_ );
  path_ = strdup( nameBuffer );
}

// find the corresponding root node
Fl_Preferences::RootNode *Fl_Preferences::Node::findRoot() {
  Node *n = this;
  do {
    if (n->top_)
      return n->root_;
    n = n->parent();
  } while (n);
  return 0L;
}

// add a child to this node and set its path (try to find it first...)
Fl_Preferences::Node *Fl_Preferences::Node::addChild( const char *path ) {
  sprintf( nameBuffer, "%s/%s", path_, path );
  char *name = strdup( nameBuffer );
  Node *nd = find( name );
  free( name );
  dirty_ = 1;
  updateIndex();
  return nd;
}

// create and set, or change an entry within this node
void Fl_Preferences::Node::set( const char *name, const char *value )
{
  for ( int i=0; i<nEntry_; i++ ) {
    if ( strcmp( name, entry_[i].name ) == 0 ) {
      if ( !value ) return; // annotation
      if ( strcmp( value, entry_[i].value ) != 0 ) {
	if ( entry_[i].value )
	  free( entry_[i].value );
	entry_[i].value = strdup( value );
	dirty_ = 1;
      }
      lastEntrySet = i;
      return;
    }
  }
  if ( NEntry_==nEntry_ ) {
    NEntry_ = NEntry_ ? NEntry_*2 : 10;
    entry_ = (Entry*)realloc( entry_, NEntry_ * sizeof(Entry) );
  }
  entry_[ nEntry_ ].name = strdup( name );
  entry_[ nEntry_ ].value = value?strdup( value ):0;
  lastEntrySet = nEntry_;
  nEntry_++;
  dirty_ = 1;
}

// create or set a value (or annotation) from a single line in the file buffer
void Fl_Preferences::Node::set( const char *line ) {
  // hmm. If we assume that we always read this file in the beginning,
  // we can handle the dirty flag 'quick and dirty'
  char dirt = dirty_;
  if ( line[0]==';' || line[0]==0 || line[0]=='#' ) {
    set( line, 0 );
  } else {
    const char *c = strchr( line, ':' );
    if ( c ) {
      size_t len = c-line+1;
      if ( len >= sizeof( nameBuffer ) )
        len = sizeof( nameBuffer );
      strlcpy( nameBuffer, line, len );
      set( nameBuffer, c+1 );
    } else {
      set( line, "" );
    }
  }
  dirty_ = dirt;
}

// add more data to an existing entry
void Fl_Preferences::Node::add( const char *line ) {
  if ( lastEntrySet<0 || lastEntrySet>=nEntry_ ) return;
  char *&dst = entry_[ lastEntrySet ].value;
  size_t a = strlen( dst );
  size_t b = strlen( line );
  dst = (char*)realloc( dst, a+b+1 );
  memcpy( dst+a, line, b+1 );
  dirty_ = 1;
}

// get the value for a name, returns 0 if no such name
const char *Fl_Preferences::Node::get( const char *name ) {
  int i = getEntry( name );
  return i>=0 ? entry_[i].value : 0 ;
}

// find the index of an entry, returns -1 if no such entry
int Fl_Preferences::Node::getEntry( const char *name ) {
  for ( int i=0; i<nEntry_; i++ ) {
    if ( strcmp( name, entry_[i].name ) == 0 ) {
      return i;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

// remove one entry form this group
char Fl_Preferences::Node::deleteEntry( const char *name ) {
  int ix = getEntry( name );
  if ( ix == -1 ) return 0;
  memmove( entry_+ix, entry_+ix+1, (nEntry_-ix-1) * sizeof(Entry) );
  nEntry_--;
  dirty_ = 1;
  return 1;
}

// find a group somewhere in the tree starting here
// - this method will always return a valid node (except for memory allocation problems)
// - if the node was not found, 'find' will create the required branch
Fl_Preferences::Node *Fl_Preferences::Node::find( const char *path ) {
  int len = (int) strlen( path_ );
  if ( strncmp( path, path_, len ) == 0 ) {
    if ( path[ len ] == 0 )
      return this;
    if ( path[ len ] == '/' ) {
      Node *nd;
      for ( nd = child_; nd; nd = nd->next_ ) {
	Node *nn = nd->find( path );
	if ( nn ) return nn;
      }
      const char *s = path+len+1;
      const char *e = strchr( s, '/' );
      if (e) strlcpy( nameBuffer, s, e-s+1 );
      else strlcpy( nameBuffer, s, sizeof(nameBuffer));
      nd = new Node( nameBuffer );
      nd->setParent( this );
      return nd->find( path );
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

// find a group somewhere in the tree starting here
// caller must not set 'offset' argument
// - if the node does not exist, 'search' returns NULL
// - if the pathname is "." (current node) return this node
// - if the pathname is "./" (root node) return the topmost node
// - if the pathname starts with "./", start the search at the root node instead
Fl_Preferences::Node *Fl_Preferences::Node::search( const char *path, int offset ) { 
  if ( offset == 0 ) {
    if ( path[0] == '.' ) {
      if ( path[1] == 0 ) {
	return this; // user was searching for current node
      } else if ( path[1] == '/' ) {
	Node *nn = this;
	while ( nn->parent() ) nn = nn->parent();
	if ( path[2]==0 ) {		// user is searching for root ( "./" )
	  return nn;
	}
	return nn->search( path+2, 2 ); // do a relative search on the root node
      }
    }
    offset = (int) strlen( path_ ) + 1;
  }
  int len = (int) strlen( path_ );
  if ( len < offset-1 ) return 0;
  len -= offset;
  if ( ( len <= 0 ) || ( strncmp( path, path_+offset, len ) == 0 ) ) {
    if ( len > 0 && path[ len ] == 0 )
      return this;
    if ( len <= 0 || path[ len ] == '/' ) {
      for ( Node *nd = child_; nd; nd = nd->next_ ) {
	Node *nn = nd->search( path, offset );
	if ( nn ) return nn;
      }
      return 0;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

// return the number of child nodes (groups)
int Fl_Preferences::Node::nChildren() {
  if (indexed_) {
    return nIndex_;
  } else {
    int cnt = 0;
    for ( Node *nd = child_; nd; nd = nd->next_ )
      cnt++;
    return cnt;
  }
}

// return the node name
const char *Fl_Preferences::Node::name() {
  if ( path_ ) {
    char *r = strrchr( path_, '/' );
    return r ? r+1 : path_ ;
  } else {
    return 0L ;
  }
}

// return the n'th child node's name
const char *Fl_Preferences::Node::child( int ix ) {
  Node *nd = childNode( ix );
  if ( nd )
    return nd->name();
  else
    return 0L ;
}

// return the n'th child node
Fl_Preferences::Node *Fl_Preferences::Node::childNode( int ix ) {
  createIndex();
  if (indexed_) {
    // usually faster access in correct order, but needing more memory
    return index_[ix];
  } else {
    // slow access and reverse order
    int n = nChildren();
    ix = n - ix -1;
    Node *nd;
    for ( nd = child_; nd; nd = nd->next_ ) {
      if ( !ix-- ) break;
      if ( !nd ) break;
    }
    return nd;
  }
}

// remove myself from the list and delete me (and all children)
char Fl_Preferences::Node::remove() {
  Node *nd = 0, *np;
  if ( parent() ) {
    nd = parent()->child_; np = 0L;
    for ( ; nd; np = nd, nd = nd->next_ ) {
      if ( nd == this ) {
	if ( np )
	  np->next_ = nd->next_;
	else
	  parent()->child_ = nd->next_;
	break;
      }
    }
    parent()->dirty_ = 1;
    parent()->updateIndex();
  }
  delete this;
  return ( nd != 0 );
}

void Fl_Preferences::Node::createIndex() {
  if (indexed_) return;
  int n = nChildren();
  if (n>NIndex_) {
    NIndex_ = n + 16;
    index_ = (Node**)realloc(index_, NIndex_*sizeof(Node**));
  }
  Node *nd;
  int i = 0;
  for (nd = child_; nd; nd = nd->next_, i++) {
    index_[n-i-1] = nd;
  }
  nIndex_ = n;
  indexed_ = 1;
}

void Fl_Preferences::Node::updateIndex() {
  indexed_ = 0;
}

void Fl_Preferences::Node::deleteIndex() {
  if (index_) free(index_);
  NIndex_ = nIndex_ = 0;
  index_ = 0;
  indexed_ = 0;
}

/**
 * \brief Create a plugin.
 *
 * \param[in] klass plugins are grouped in classes
 * \param[in] name every plugin should have a unique name
 */
Fl_Plugin::Fl_Plugin(const char *klass, const char *name)
: id(0) {
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
  printf("Fl_Plugin: creating a plugin, class \"%s\", name \"%s\"\n",
         klass, name);
#endif
  Fl_Plugin_Manager pm(klass);
  id = pm.addPlugin(name, this);
}

/**
 * \brief Clear the plugin and remove it from the database.
 */
Fl_Plugin::~Fl_Plugin() {
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
  printf("Fl_Plugin: deleting a plugin\n");
#endif
  if (id)
    Fl_Plugin_Manager::remove(id);
}

/**
 * \brief Manage all plugins belonging to one class.
 */
Fl_Plugin_Manager::Fl_Plugin_Manager(const char *klass)
: Fl_Preferences(0, Fl_Preferences::Name("%s/%s", "plugins", klass)) {
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
  printf("Fl_Plugin: creating a plugin manager for class \"%s\"\n", klass);
#endif
}

/**
 * \brief Remove the plugin manager.
 *
 * Calling this does not remove the database itself or any plugins. It just
 * removes the reference to the database.
 */
Fl_Plugin_Manager::~Fl_Plugin_Manager() {
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
  printf("Fl_Plugin: deleting a plugin manager\n");
#endif
}

static unsigned char x2i(char hi, char lo) {
  return ((hi-'A')<<4) | (lo-'A');
}

static void i2x(unsigned char v, char *d) {
  d[0] = ((v>>4)&0x0f)+'A'; d[1] = (v&0x0f)+'A';
}

static void *a2p(const char *s) {
  union { void *ret; unsigned char d[sizeof(void*)]; } v;
  v.ret = 0L;
  int i=0, n=sizeof(void*);
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    v.d[i] = x2i(s[2*i], s[2*i+1]);
  }
  return v.ret;
}

static void p2a(void *vp, char *d) {
  union { void *vp; unsigned char s[sizeof(void*)]; } v;
  v.vp = vp;
  int i=0, n=sizeof(void*);
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    i2x(v.s[i], d+i*2);
  }
  d[2*i] = 0;
}

/**
 * \brief Return the address of a plugin by index.
 */
Fl_Plugin *Fl_Plugin_Manager::plugin(int index) {
  char buf[34];
  Fl_Plugin *ret = 0;
  Fl_Preferences pin(this, index);
  pin.get("address", buf, "", 34);
  if (buf[0]=='@') ret = (Fl_Plugin*)a2p(buf+1);
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
  printf("Fl_Plugin: returning plugin at index %d: (%s) %p\n", index, buf, ret);
#endif
  return ret;
}

/**
 * \brief Return the address of a plugin by name.
 */
Fl_Plugin *Fl_Plugin_Manager::plugin(const char *name) {
  char buf[34];
  Fl_Plugin *ret = 0;
  if (groupExists(name)) {
    Fl_Preferences pin(this, name);
    pin.get("address", buf, "", 34);
    if (buf[0]=='@') ret = (Fl_Plugin*)a2p(buf+1);
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
    printf("Fl_Plugin: returning plugin named \"%s\": (%s) %p\n", name, buf, ret);
#endif
    return ret;
  } else {
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
    printf("Fl_Plugin: no plugin found named \"%s\"\n", name);
#endif
    return 0L;
  }
}

/**
 * \brief This function adds a new plugin to the database.
 *
 * There is no need to call this function explicitly. Every Fl_Plugin constructor
 * will call this function at initialization time.
 */
Fl_Preferences::ID Fl_Plugin_Manager::addPlugin(const char *name, Fl_Plugin *plugin) {
  char buf[34];
#ifdef FL_PLUGIN_VERBOSE
  printf("Fl_Plugin: adding plugin named \"%s\" at 0x%p\n", name, plugin);
#endif
  Fl_Preferences pin(this, name);
  buf[0] = '@'; p2a(plugin, buf+1);
  pin.set("address", buf);
  return pin.id();
}

/**
 * \brief Remove any plugin.
 *
 * There is no need to call this function explicitly. Every Fl_Plugin destructor
 * will call this function at destruction time.
 */
void Fl_Plugin_Manager::removePlugin(Fl_Preferences::ID id) {
  Fl_Preferences::remove(id);
}

/**
 * \brief Load a module from disk.
 *
 * A module must be a dynamically linkable file for the given operating system.
 * When loading a module, its +init function will be called which in turn calls
 * the constructor of all statically initialized Fl_Plugin classes and adds
 * them to the database.
 */
int Fl_Plugin_Manager::load(const char *filename) {
  // the functions below will autmaticaly load plugins that are defined:
  // Fl_My_Plugin plugin();
#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
  HMODULE dl = LoadLibrary(filename);
#else
  void * dl = NULL;
# if HAVE_DLSYM
    dl = dlopen(filename, RTLD_LAZY);
# endif
#endif
  // There is no way of unloading a plugin!
  return (dl!=0) ? 0 : -1;
}

/**
 * \brief Use this function to load a whole directory full of modules.
 */
int Fl_Plugin_Manager::loadAll(const char *filepath, const char *pattern) {
  struct dirent **dir;
  int i, n = fl_filename_list(filepath, &dir);
  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    struct dirent *e = dir[i];
    if (pattern==0 || fl_filename_match(e->d_name, pattern)) {
      load(Fl_Preferences::Name("%s%s", filepath, e->d_name));
    }
    free(e);
  }
  free(dir);
  return 0;
}

//
// End of "$Id: Fl_Preferences.cxx 10378 2014-10-14 12:10:18Z ianmacarthur $".
//