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/*
* Copyright 2002-2015 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.web.util;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
/**
* Utility class for URI encoding and decoding based on RFC 3986.
* Offers encoding methods for the various URI components.
*
* <p>All {@code encode*(String, String)} methods in this class operate in a similar way:
* <ul>
* <li>Valid characters for the specific URI component as defined in RFC 3986 stay the same.</li>
* <li>All other characters are converted into one or more bytes in the given encoding scheme.
* Each of the resulting bytes is written as a hexadecimal string in the "<code>%<i>xy</i></code>"
* format.</li>
* </ul>
*
* @author Arjen Poutsma
* @since 3.0
* @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt">RFC 3986</a>
*/
public abstract class UriUtils {
/**
* Encodes the given URI scheme with the given encoding.
* @param scheme the scheme to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded scheme
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeScheme(String scheme, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(scheme, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.SCHEME);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI authority with the given encoding.
* @param authority the authority to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded authority
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeAuthority(String authority, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(authority, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.AUTHORITY);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI user info with the given encoding.
* @param userInfo the user info to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded user info
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeUserInfo(String userInfo, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(userInfo, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.USER_INFO);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI host with the given encoding.
* @param host the host to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded host
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeHost(String host, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(host, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.HOST_IPV4);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI port with the given encoding.
* @param port the port to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded port
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodePort(String port, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(port, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PORT);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI path with the given encoding.
* @param path the path to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded path
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodePath(String path, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(path, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PATH);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI path segment with the given encoding.
* @param segment the segment to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded segment
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodePathSegment(String segment, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(segment, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.PATH_SEGMENT);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI query with the given encoding.
* @param query the query to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeQuery(String query, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(query, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.QUERY);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI query parameter with the given encoding.
* @param queryParam the query parameter to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded query parameter
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeQueryParam(String queryParam, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(queryParam, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.QUERY_PARAM);
}
/**
* Encodes the given URI fragment with the given encoding.
* @param fragment the fragment to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded fragment
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encodeFragment(String fragment, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(fragment, encoding, HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.FRAGMENT);
}
/**
* Encode characters outside the unreserved character set as defined in
* <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2">RFC 3986 Section 2</a>.
* <p>This can be used to ensure the given String will not contain any
* characters with reserved URI meaning regardless of URI component.
* @param source the string to be encoded
* @param encoding the character encoding to encode to
* @return the encoded string
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
*/
public static String encode(String source, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
HierarchicalUriComponents.Type type = HierarchicalUriComponents.Type.URI;
return HierarchicalUriComponents.encodeUriComponent(source, encoding, type);
}
// decoding
/**
* Decodes the given encoded source String into an URI. Based on the following rules:
* <ul>
* <li>Alphanumeric characters {@code "a"} through {@code "z"}, {@code "A"} through {@code "Z"}, and
* {@code "0"} through {@code "9"} stay the same.</li>
* <li>Special characters {@code "-"}, {@code "_"}, {@code "."}, and {@code "*"} stay the same.</li>
* <li>A sequence "{@code %<i>xy</i>}" is interpreted as a hexadecimal representation of the character.</li>
* </ul>
* @param source the source string
* @param encoding the encoding
* @return the decoded URI
* @throws IllegalArgumentException when the given source contains invalid encoded sequences
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException when the given encoding parameter is not supported
* @see java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, String)
*/
public static String decode(String source, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
Assert.notNull(source, "Source must not be null");
Assert.hasLength(encoding, "Encoding must not be empty");
int length = source.length();
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(length);
boolean changed = false;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int ch = source.charAt(i);
if (ch == '%') {
if ((i + 2) < length) {
char hex1 = source.charAt(i + 1);
char hex2 = source.charAt(i + 2);
int u = Character.digit(hex1, 16);
int l = Character.digit(hex2, 16);
if (u == -1 || l == -1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid encoded sequence \"" + source.substring(i) + "\"");
}
bos.write((char) ((u << 4) + l));
i += 2;
changed = true;
}
else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid encoded sequence \"" + source.substring(i) + "\"");
}
}
else {
bos.write(ch);
}
}
return (changed ? new String(bos.toByteArray(), encoding) : source);
}
}
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