path: root/lib/Eval/TypeTiny.pm

package Eval::TypeTiny;

use strict;

sub _clean_eval {
	local $@;
	local $SIG{__DIE__};
	my $r = eval $_[0];
	my $e = $@;
	return ( $r, $e );
}

use warnings;

BEGIN {
	*HAS_LEXICAL_SUBS = ( $] >= 5.018 ) ? sub () { !!1 } : sub () { !!0 };
	*NICE_PROTOTYPES  = ( $] >= 5.014 ) ? sub () { !!1 } : sub () { !!0 };
}

sub _pick_alternative {
	my $ok = 0;
	while ( @_ ) {
		my ( $type, $condition, $result ) = splice @_, 0, 3;
		if ( $type eq 'needs' ) {
			++$ok if eval "require $condition; 1";
		}
		elsif ( $type eq 'if' ) {
			++$ok if $condition;
		}
		next unless $ok;
		return ref( $result ) eq 'CODE' ? $result->() : ref( $result ) eq 'SCALAR' ? eval( $$result ) : $result;
	}
	return;
}

{
	sub IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS () { 'Devel::LexAlias' }
	sub IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER ()      { 'PadWalker' }
	sub IMPLEMENTATION_TIE ()            { 'tie' }
	sub IMPLEMENTATION_NATIVE ()         { 'perl' }
	
	my $implementation;
	
	#<<<
	# uncoverable subroutine
	sub ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION () {
		$implementation ||= _pick_alternative(
			if    => ( $] ge '5.022' ) => IMPLEMENTATION_NATIVE,
			needs => 'Devel::LexAlias' => IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS,
			needs => 'PadWalker'       => IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER,
			if    => !!1               => IMPLEMENTATION_TIE,
		);
	}
	#>>>
	
	sub _force_implementation {
		$implementation = shift;
	}
}

BEGIN {
	*_EXTENDED_TESTING = $ENV{EXTENDED_TESTING} ? sub() { !!1 } : sub() { !!0 };
}

our $AUTHORITY = 'cpan:TOBYINK';
our $VERSION   = '2.000000';
our @EXPORT    = qw( eval_closure );
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
	HAS_LEXICAL_SUBS HAS_LEXICAL_VARS ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION
	IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER
	IMPLEMENTATION_NATIVE IMPLEMENTATION_TIE
	set_subname type_to_coderef NICE_PROTOTYPES
);

$VERSION =~ tr/_//d;

# See Types::TypeTiny for an explanation of this import method.
#
# uncoverable subroutine
sub import {
	no warnings "redefine";
	our @ISA = qw( Exporter::Tiny );
	require Exporter::Tiny;
	my $next = \&Exporter::Tiny::import;
	*import = $next;
	my $class = shift;
	my $opts  = { ref( $_[0] ) ? %{ +shift } : () };
	$opts->{into} ||= scalar( caller );
	return $class->$next( $opts, @_ );
} #/ sub import

{
	my $subname;
	my %already;    # prevent renaming established functions
	sub set_subname ($$) {
		$subname = _pick_alternative(
			needs => 'Sub::Util' => \ q{ \&Sub::Util::set_subname },
			needs => 'Sub::Name' => \ q{ \&Sub::Name::subname     },
			if    => !!1         => 0,
		) unless defined $subname;
		$subname and !$already{$_[1]}++ and return &$subname;
		$_[1];
	} #/ sub set_subname ($$)
}

sub type_to_coderef {
	my ( $type, %args ) = @_;
	my $post_method = $args{post_method} || q();
	
	my ( $coderef, $qualified_name );
	
	if ( ! defined $type ) {
		my $library = $args{type_library};
		my $name    = $args{type_name};
		
		$qualified_name = "$library\::$name";
		$coderef = sub (;@) {
			my $params;
			$params = shift if ref( $_[0] ) eq "ARRAY";
			
			$type ||= do {
				$library->can( 'get_type' )
					or require Error::TypeTiny
					&& Error::TypeTiny::croak( "Expected $library to be a type library, but it doesn't seem to be" );
				$library->get_type( $name );
			};
			
			my $t;
			if ( $type ) {
				$t = $params ? $type->parameterize( @$params ) : $type;
				$t = $t->$post_method if $post_method;
			}
			else {
				require Error::TypeTiny && Error::TypeTiny::croak( "Cannot parameterize a non-existant type" )
					if $params;
				require Type::Tiny::_DeclaredType;
				$t = Type::Tiny::_DeclaredType->new( library => $library, name => $name );
			}
			
			@_ && wantarray ? return ( $t, @_ ) : return $t;
		};
		
		require Scalar::Util && &Scalar::Util::set_prototype( $coderef, ';$' )
			if Eval::TypeTiny::NICE_PROTOTYPES;
	}
	else {
	
		#<<<
		my $source = $type->is_parameterizable ?
			sprintf(
				q{
					sub (%s) {
						if (ref($_[0]) eq 'Type::Tiny::_HalfOp') {
							my $complete_type = shift->complete($type);
							@_ && wantarray ? return($complete_type, @_) : return $complete_type;
						}
						my $params; $params = shift if ref($_[0]) eq q(ARRAY);
						my $t = $params ? $type->parameterize(@$params) : $type;
						@_ && wantarray ? return($t%s, @_) : return $t%s;
					}
				},
				NICE_PROTOTYPES ? q(;$) : q(;@),
				$post_method,
				$post_method,
			) :
			sprintf( q{ sub () { $type%s if $] } }, $post_method );
		#>>>
		
		$qualified_name = $type->qualified_name;
		$coderef = eval_closure(
			source      => $source,
			description => $args{description} || sprintf( "exportable function '%s'", $qualified_name ),
			environment => { '$type' => \$type },
		);
	}
	
	$args{anonymous} ? $coderef : set_subname( $qualified_name, $coderef );
}

sub eval_closure {
	my ( %args ) = @_;
	my $src =
		ref $args{source} eq "ARRAY"
		? join( "\n", @{ $args{source} } )
		: $args{source};
		
	$args{alias} = 0 unless defined $args{alias};
	$args{line}  = 1 unless defined $args{line};
	$args{description} =~ s/[^\w .:-\[\]\(\)\{\}\']//g
		if defined $args{description};
	$src = qq{#line $args{line} "$args{description}"\n$src}
		if defined $args{description} && !( $^P & 0x10 );
	$args{environment} ||= {};
	
	if ( _EXTENDED_TESTING ) {
		require Scalar::Util;
		for my $k ( sort keys %{ $args{environment} } ) {
			next
				if $k =~ /^\$/
				&& Scalar::Util::reftype( $args{environment}{$k} ) =~ /^(SCALAR|REF)$/;
			next
				if $k =~ /^\@/
				&& Scalar::Util::reftype( $args{environment}{$k} ) eq q(ARRAY);
			next
				if $k =~ /^\%/
				&& Scalar::Util::reftype( $args{environment}{$k} ) eq q(HASH);
			next
				if $k =~ /^\&/
				&& Scalar::Util::reftype( $args{environment}{$k} ) eq q(CODE);
				
			require Error::TypeTiny;
			Error::TypeTiny::croak(
				"Expected a variable name and ref; got %s => %s", $k,
				$args{environment}{$k}
			);
		} #/ for my $k ( sort keys %...)
	} #/ if ( _EXTENDED_TESTING)
	
	my $sandpkg = 'Eval::TypeTiny::Sandbox';
	my $alias   = exists( $args{alias} ) ? $args{alias} : 0;
	my @keys    = sort keys %{ $args{environment} };
	my $i       = 0;
	my $source  = join "\n" => (
		"package $sandpkg;",
		"sub {",
		map( _make_lexical_assignment( $_, $i++, $alias ), @keys ),
		$src,
		"}",
	);
	
	if ( $alias and ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_TIE ) {
		_manufacture_ties();
	}
	
	my ( $compiler, $e ) = _clean_eval( $source );
	if ( $e ) {
		chomp $e;
		require Error::TypeTiny::Compilation;
		"Error::TypeTiny::Compilation"->throw(
			code => (
				ref $args{source} eq "ARRAY" ? join( "\n", @{ $args{source} } ) : $args{source}
			),
			errstr      => $e,
			environment => $args{environment},
		);
	} #/ if ( $e )
	
	my $code = $compiler->( @{ $args{environment} }{@keys} );
	undef( $compiler );
	
	if ( $alias and ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS ) {
		require Devel::LexAlias;
		Devel::LexAlias::lexalias( $code, $_ => $args{environment}{$_} )
			for grep !/^\&/, @keys;
	}
	
	if ( $alias and ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER ) {
		require PadWalker;
		my %env = map +( $_ => $args{environment}{$_} ), grep !/^\&/, @keys;
		PadWalker::set_closed_over( $code, \%env );
	}
	
	return $code;
} #/ sub eval_closure

my $tmp;

sub _make_lexical_assignment {
	my ( $key, $index, $alias ) = @_;
	my $name = substr( $key, 1 );
	
	if ( HAS_LEXICAL_SUBS and $key =~ /^\&/ ) {
		$tmp++;
		my $tmpname = '$__LEXICAL_SUB__' . $tmp;
		return
			"no warnings 'experimental::lexical_subs';"
			. "use feature 'lexical_subs';"
			. "my $tmpname = \$_[$index];"
			. "my sub $name { goto $tmpname };";
	}
	
	if ( !$alias ) {
		my $sigil = substr( $key, 0, 1 );
		return "my $key = $sigil\{ \$_[$index] };";
	}
	elsif ( ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_NATIVE ) {
		return
			"no warnings 'experimental::refaliasing';"
			. "use feature 'refaliasing';"
			. "my $key; \\$key = \$_[$index];";
	}
	elsif ( ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS ) {
		return "my $key;";
	}
	elsif ( ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER ) {
		return "my $key;";
	}
	else {
		my $tieclass = {
			'@' => 'Eval::TypeTiny::_TieArray',
			'%' => 'Eval::TypeTiny::_TieHash',
			'$' => 'Eval::TypeTiny::_TieScalar',
		}->{ substr( $key, 0, 1 ) };
		
		return sprintf(
			'tie(my(%s), "%s", $_[%d]);',
			$key,
			$tieclass,
			$index,
		);
	} #/ else [ if ( !$alias ) ]
} #/ sub _make_lexical_assignment

{
	my $tie;
	
	sub _manufacture_ties {
		$tie ||= eval <<'FALLBACK'; } }
no warnings qw(void once uninitialized numeric);
use Type::Tiny ();

{
	package #
		Eval::TypeTiny::_TieArray;
	require Tie::Array;
	our @ISA = qw( Tie::StdArray );
	sub TIEARRAY {
		my $class = shift;
		bless $_[0] => $class;
	}
	sub AUTOLOAD {
		my $self = shift;
		my ($method) = (our $AUTOLOAD =~ /(\w+)$/);
		defined tied(@$self) and return tied(@$self)->$method(@_);
		require Carp;
		Carp::croak(qq[Can't call method "$method" on an undefined value]) unless $method eq 'DESTROY';
	}
	sub can {
		my $self = shift;
		my $code = $self->SUPER::can(@_)
			|| (defined tied(@$self) and tied(@$self)->can(@_));
		return $code;
	}
	__PACKAGE__->Type::Tiny::_install_overloads(
		q[bool]  => sub { !!   tied @{$_[0]} },
		q[""]    => sub { '' . tied @{$_[0]} },
		q[0+]    => sub { 0  + tied @{$_[0]} },
	);
}
{
	package #
		Eval::TypeTiny::_TieHash;
	require Tie::Hash;
	our @ISA = qw( Tie::StdHash );
	sub TIEHASH {
		my $class = shift;
		bless $_[0] => $class;
	}
	sub AUTOLOAD {
		my $self = shift;
		my ($method) = (our $AUTOLOAD =~ /(\w+)$/);
		defined tied(%$self) and return tied(%$self)->$method(@_);
		require Carp;
		Carp::croak(qq[Can't call method "$method" on an undefined value]) unless $method eq 'DESTROY';
	}
	sub can {
		my $self = shift;
		my $code = $self->SUPER::can(@_)
			|| (defined tied(%$self) and tied(%$self)->can(@_));
		return $code;
	}
	__PACKAGE__->Type::Tiny::_install_overloads(
		q[bool]  => sub { !!   tied %{$_[0]} },
		q[""]    => sub { '' . tied %{$_[0]} },
		q[0+]    => sub { 0  + tied %{$_[0]} },
	);
}
{
	package #
		Eval::TypeTiny::_TieScalar;
	require Tie::Scalar;
	our @ISA = qw( Tie::StdScalar );
	sub TIESCALAR {
		my $class = shift;
		bless $_[0] => $class;
	}
	sub AUTOLOAD {
		my $self = shift;
		my ($method) = (our $AUTOLOAD =~ /(\w+)$/);
		defined tied($$self) and return tied($$self)->$method(@_);
		require Carp;
		Carp::croak(qq[Can't call method "$method" on an undefined value]) unless $method eq 'DESTROY';
	}
	sub can {
		my $self = shift;
		my $code = $self->SUPER::can(@_)
			|| (defined tied($$self) and tied($$self)->can(@_));
		return $code;
	}
	__PACKAGE__->Type::Tiny::_install_overloads(
		q[bool]  => sub { !!   tied ${$_[0]} },
		q[""]    => sub { '' . tied ${$_[0]} },
		q[0+]    => sub { 0  + tied ${$_[0]} },
	);
}

1;
FALLBACK

1;

__END__

=pod

=encoding utf-8

=for stopwords pragmas coderefs

=head1 NAME

Eval::TypeTiny - utility to evaluate a string of Perl code in a clean environment

=head1 STATUS
 
This module is covered by the
L<Type-Tiny stability policy|Type::Tiny::Manual::Policies/"STABILITY">.

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module is used by Type::Tiny to compile coderefs from strings of
Perl code, and hashrefs of variables to close over.

=head2 Functions

By default this module exports one function, which works much like the
similarly named function from L<Eval::Closure>:

=over

=item C<< eval_closure(source => $source, environment => \%env, %opt) >>

=back

Other functions can be imported on request:

=over

=item C<< set_subname( $fully_qualified_name, $coderef ) >>

Works like the similarly named function from L<Sub::Util>, but will
fallback to doing nothing if neither L<Sub::Util> nor L<Sub::Name> are
available. Also will cowardly refuse the set the name of a coderef
a second time if it's already named it.

=item C<< type_to_coderef( $type, %options ) >>

Turns a L<Type::Tiny> object into a coderef, suitable for installing
into a symbol table to create a function like C<ArrayRef> or C<Int>.
(Actually should work for any object which provides C<is_parameterizable>,
C<parameterize>, and C<qualified_name> methods, such as L<Type::Coercion>.)

C<< $options{post_method} >> can be a string of Perl indicating a
method to call on the type constraint before returning it. For
example C<< '->moose_type' >>.

C<< $options{description} >> can be a description of the coderef which
may be shown in stack traces, etc.

The coderef will be named using C<set_subname> unless
C<< $options{anonymous} >> is true.

If C<< $type >> is undef, then it is assumed that the type constraint
hasn't been defined yet but will later, yet you still want a function now.
C<< $options{type_library} >> and C<< $options{type_name} >> will be
used to find the type constraint when the function gets called.

=back

=head2 Constants

The following constants may be exported, but are not by default.

=over

=item C<< HAS_LEXICAL_SUBS >>

Boolean indicating whether Eval::TypeTiny has support for lexical subs.
(This feature requires Perl 5.18.)

=item C<< ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION >>

Returns a string indicating what implementation of C<< alias => 1 >> is
being used. Eval::TypeTiny will automatically choose the best implementation.
This constant can be matched against the C<< IMPLEMENTAION_* >> constants.

=item C<< IMPLEMENTATION_NATIVE >>

If C<< ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_NATIVE >> then Eval::TypeTiny is
currently using Perl 5.22's native alias feature. This requires Perl 5.22.

=item C<< IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS >>

If C<< ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_DEVEL_LEXALIAS >> then
Eval::TypeTiny is currently using L<Devel::LexAlias> to provide aliases.

=item C<< IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER >>

If C<< ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_PADWALKER >> then
Eval::TypeTiny is currently using L<PadWalker> to provide aliases.

=item C<< IMPLEMENTATION_TIE >>

If C<< ALIAS_IMPLEMENTATION eq IMPLEMENTATION_TIE >> then Eval::TypeTiny is
using the fallback implementation of aliases using C<tie>. This is the
slowest implementation, and may cause problems in certain edge cases, like
trying to alias already-tied variables, but it's the only way to implement
C<< alias => 1 >> without a recent version of Perl or one of the two optional
modules mentioned above.

=item C<< NICE_PROTOTYPES >>

If this is true, then type_to_coderef will give parameterizable type
constraints the slightly nicer prototype of C<< (;$) >> instead of the
default C<< (;@) >>. This allows constructs like:

   ArrayRef[Int] | HashRef[Int]

... to "just work".

=back

=head1 EVALUATION ENVIRONMENT

The evaluation is performed in the presence of L<strict>, but the absence of
L<warnings>. (This is different to L<Eval::Closure> which enables warnings for
compiled closures.)

The L<feature> pragma is not active in the evaluation environment, so the
following will not work:

   use feature qw(say);
   use Eval::TypeTiny qw(eval_closure);
   
   my $say_all = eval_closure(
      source => 'sub { say for @_ }',
   );
   $say_all->("Hello", "World");

The L<feature> pragma does not "carry over" into the stringy eval. It is
of course possible to import pragmas into the evaluated string as part of the
string itself:

   use Eval::TypeTiny qw(eval_closure);
   
   my $say_all = eval_closure(
      source => 'sub { use feature qw(say); say for @_ }',
   );
   $say_all->("Hello", "World");

=head1 BUGS

Please report any bugs to
L<https://github.com/tobyink/p5-type-tiny/issues>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Eval::Closure>, L<Error::TypeTiny::Compilation>.

=head1 AUTHOR

Toby Inkster E<lt>tobyink@cpan.orgE<gt>.

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE

This software is copyright (c) 2013-2014, 2017-2022 by Toby Inkster.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=head1 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.