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diff --git a/HOWTO/Multimedia-X-Keyboard-HOWTO.html b/HOWTO/Multimedia-X-Keyboard-HOWTO.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e4d5ac --- /dev/null +++ b/HOWTO/Multimedia-X-Keyboard-HOWTO.html @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> +<HTML> +<HEAD> + <META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + <TITLE></TITLE> + <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="StarOffice/5.2 (Linux)"> + <META NAME="CREATED" CONTENT="20020623;19034600"> + <META NAME="CHANGEDBY" CONTENT=" "> + <META NAME="CHANGED" CONTENT="20020623;19572700"> + <STYLE> + <!-- + @page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 1.25in; margin-top: 1in; margin-bottom: 1in } + P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } + H1 { margin-bottom: 0.08in; font-family: "helvetica", sans-serif; font-size: 16pt } + P.cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangrķa { margin-left: 0.2in } + --> + </STYLE> +</HEAD> +<BODY> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">This is the firs version +of the Multimedia-X-Keyboard-HOWTO</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">This HOWTO was written by +Lord Darth Moultak <<A HREF="mailto:moultak@gothicfuneral.zzn.com">moultak@gothicfuneral.zzn.com</A>></P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">The latest version of +this HOWTO can be found at <A HREF="http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/osdsh">http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/osdsh</A></P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<H1 ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="font-weight: medium; text-decoration: none"><I>How +to configure the internet keys on your multimedia keyboard, without +using extra daemons, just X and the window manager you already run.</I></H1> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in; font-weight: medium; text-decoration: none"> +<BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-top: 0.17in; page-break-after: avoid"><FONT FACE="helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4>Introduction:</FONT></FONT></P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Some time ago, +manufacturers of computers started shipping their hardware with +keyboards that had "extra" keys on them, these keys were +meant to control internet and multimedia features of the system, like +playing/stoping/pausing cds and MP3's, connecting to the internet, +starting mail and chat programs, and sleeping or suspending the +computer, and were marked as such. This is nice, these keyboards look +nice and they are comfortable to work with, those keys always come in +handy, but they are a pain to configure in X. This is how I did it.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-top: 0.17in; page-break-after: avoid"><FONT FACE="helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4>The +theory:</FONT></FONT></P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">When a key is pressed, +the keyboard generates a code that the kernel detects, this code is +known as "keycode". When X detects a keycode, it looks in a +table of symbols to see if that keycode means something. The symbols +are the way the software understands the keys, like TAB, UP, DOWN, +CTRL, etc...</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">If the keycode does mean +something, (that is, a symbol is asigned to it) the symbol goes to +the application that has the keyboard control, like a text editor or +a game.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">X comes with a series of +"keymaps", (files that contain the keycode-keysym pairs ) +that work for a lot of keyboards, and even with some "Internet +keys", but at least for me, the internet keys were dead. So I +needed a new keymap.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Since the normal keys +already worked fine, I just needed to add the keycode-keysym pairs +that would make my keys work. To do this there is a utility (also +part of X) called <I>xmodmap</I>.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><I>xmodmap</I> reads a +file or std input for "commands". The commands are in the +form of</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY>keycode +$keycode = $keysym</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">where $keycode is the +actual keycode (the first "keycode" needs to be there).</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">This tells <I>xmodmap</I> +to assign the specified keysym to that keycode. Since when you log +out you lose the asignments, you need to load them when you start X. +(X automatically loads a keymap from its configuration file) This is +done adding a line like:</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: medium; text-decoration: none"> +xmodmap yourkeymap</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">to your .xinitrc or +.Xsession file</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Now they get recognized, +but they dont do anything!!! you say.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">That is true, any +software can now recognize the keys, but they are not doing anything +useful, like starting programs, changing the volume or connecting to +the internet. We will leave this to the window manager.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Most window managers can +be configured to do something when a key or a combination of keys is +pressed, like Alt-Tab to switch or cicle the windows, and we are +going to use this feature to start the programs that will actually do +something useful.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">In WindowMaker, the +configuration utility has a section for this. For blackbox there is a +program called bbkeys that handles the "keyboard shortcuts".</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">I can give no advice in +this part, since each window manager works different, but in the +documentation of yours, you can get the info you need. Look for +"keyboard shortcuts" or something like that.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-top: 0.17in; page-break-after: avoid"><FONT FACE="helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE=4>The +practice:</FONT></FONT></P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Well, lets get our hands +on this...</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">First, pick up a key (the +leftmost, the rightmost, the bigger one) of your internet keys. +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">In an xterm write</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY>$ xev</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">you will get a window +with a square on it. Now press the key you chose.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">It will read something +like:</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY>KeyPress +event, serial 19, synthetic NO, window 0x2200001,</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY> root +0x27, subw 0x0, time 2565600158, (136,110), root:(350,340),</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY> state +0x10, keycode 149 (keysym 0x1000410e, IA14), same_screen YES,</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY> +XLookupString gives 0 characters: ""</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY><BR><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY>KeyRelease +event, serial 24, synthetic NO, window 0x2200001,</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY> root +0x27, subw 0x0, time 2565600304, (136,110), root:(350,340),</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY> state +0x10, keycode 149 (keysym 0x1000410e, IA14), same_screen YES,</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY> +XLookupString gives 0 characters: ""</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">now press Ctrl-c in the +xterm and look at the third line of each block, there is a keycode in +decimal (in this case, 149) and a keysym (in this case IA14). Ok, if +you had not assigned any keysym to your inet keys, instead of IA14 +you will get something like NoKeysym.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">The X guys have set aside +some special keysyms for the inet keys, they go from IA1 to IA15 and +IB1 to IB15. This gives us a total of 30 keysyms. This has to be +enough for any keyboard.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">write a file "yourkeymap" +that reads +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY>keysym +149 = IA14</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">(change the values +acording with what you got, if you got a NoKeysym, choose a keysym +from the ones mentioned above, IA1 looks nice for a start)</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">now from the xterm do:</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="font-style: normal"> +$ xmodmap yourkeymap</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">and repeat the thing with +<I>xev</I>. Start it and press the key you pressed before. You will +get a similar output, but instead of the NoKeysym you will get the +keysym you wrote in your file.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Add a line for each key +you want to configure. Don't repeat keysyms (unless you want several +keys to do the exact same thing). Reload your keymap with:</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="font-style: normal"> +$ xmodmap yourkeymap</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Now copy the yourkeymap +file to ~/.yourkeymap.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Edit your ~/.xinitrc or +~/.Xsession file to add a line that says:</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P CLASS="cuerpo-de-texto-con-sangría" ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="font-style: normal"> +xmodmap ~/.yourkeymap</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">This is done to load the +keys when you start X.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Instead of doing all +this, you may want to check my program "keymapconfig" that +asks you to press a key and then asks you for the keysym to asign to +it. You can save this pairs to a file and load them later with +<I>xmodmap</I>... It requieres Tcl/Tk. Try to use only the keysyms +specified above (IA1 to IA15 and IB1 to IB15) to avoid conflicts and +problems. Anyway 30 keys are more than enough for internet and +multimedia stuff.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">(You have already +downloaded this program, with this howto, look in the directory where +you untarred the tarball)</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">You still have to add +that line in your .xinitrc or .Xsession to load your keymap when you +start X.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Now you have to configure +the applications that do the work. This is configuration of your +window manager, and each window manager will have different +instructions, but most of them will work.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">Basically, when asked for +the key to watch (or “keyboard shortcut”), just write the +keysym you asigned to the key you want to do something (or press that +key, the “Key” is in fact the keysym, not actually the key) +and then write the command you want to run when you press that key.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">You can also use these +keys in combination with modifiers like Ctrl, Shift and Alt. For +example, I use the "Play" key to start xmms, but if I want +to play a CD, I use Ctrl-Play to start gcd; for me Play is IB3 so I +configured Ctrl-IB3 to start gcd. I also use the "Suspend" +key to suspend the computer by running "apm -s", but if I +want to see the battery status, I use Ctrl-Sleep to run "osdctl +-A 3", that displays the battery status using osdsh (Read +below). Again, for me "Suspend" is IA5, so to run "apm +-s" I asigned the key IA5 and to run "osdctl -A 3" I +asigned Ctrl-IA5.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">For volume control, I +recommend using umix, for terminals aterm is nice and for the +"Connect" key, put the command you use to connect. Its that +simple.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in">As an adition, you may +want to check osdsh (by me of course), its a daemon that monitors the +sound card volume, battery and connection status, displays a clock +and displays it all using the XOSD library, so you get a nice TV-like +On-Screen-Display for your sound, batt, connection and a sexy clock +floating unmanaged on your display.</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><BR> +</P> +<P ALIGN=JUSTIFY STYLE="margin-bottom: 0in"><A HREF="http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/osdsh">http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/osdsh</A></P> +</BODY> +</HTML>
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