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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="journalctl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>journalctl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>journalctl</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-journalctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">MATCH</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>journalctl</command> may be
+ used to query the contents of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ journal.</para>
+
+ <para>If called without parameter will show the full
+ contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
+ entry collected.</para>
+
+ <para>If a match argument is passed the output is
+ filtered accordingly. A match is in the format
+ <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
+ e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>.</para>
+
+ <para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
+ journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
+ being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
+ system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
+
+ <para>All users are granted access to their private
+ per-user journals. However, by default only root and
+ users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
+ group get access to the system journal and the
+ journals of other users.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--all</option></term>
+ <term><option>-a</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show all fields in
+ full, even if they include unprintable
+ characters or are very
+ long.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--follow</option></term>
+ <term><option>-f</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show only most recent
+ journal entries, and continously print
+ new entries as they are appended to
+ the journal.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--lines=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-n</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the number of
+ journal lines to show, counting from
+ the most recent ones. Takes a positive
+ integer argument. In follow mode
+ defaults to 10, otherwise is unset
+ thus not limiting how many lines are
+ shown.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show all stored output
+ lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
+ effect of
+ <option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--output=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-o</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the
+ formatting of the journal entries that are
+ shown. Takes one of
+ <literal>short</literal>,
+ <literal>short-monotonic</literal>,
+ <literal>verbose</literal>,
+ <literal>export</literal>,
+ <literal>json</literal>,
+ <literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
+ is the default and generates an output
+ that is mostly identical to the
+ formatting of classic syslog log
+ files, showing one line per journal
+ entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>
+ is very similar but shows monotonic
+ timestamps instead of wallclock
+ timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>
+ shows the full structered entry items
+ with all
+ fiels. <literal>export</literal>
+ serializes the journal into a binary
+ (but mostly text-based) stream
+ suitable for backups and network
+ transfer. <literal>json</literal>
+ formats entries as JSON data
+ structures. <literal>cat</literal>
+ generates a very terse output only
+ showing the actual message of each
+ journal entry with no meta data, not
+ even a timestamp.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+ <term><option>-q</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
+ message regarding inaccessable system
+ journals when run as normal
+ user.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Instead of showing
+ journal contents generate a new 128
+ bit ID suitable for identifying
+ messages. This is intended for usage
+ by developers who need a new
+ identifier for a new message they
+ introduce and want to make
+ recognizable. Will print the new ID in
+ three different formats which can be
+ copied into source code or
+ similar.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Pager to use when
+ <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
+ overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
+ this to an empty string or the value
+ <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
+ <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
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